Arrays and Strings concepts explained in 40 characters

Arrays:
1. What is the value of seasons.length for the following array?

String[] seasons = {"winter", "spring", "summer", "fall", };
ANS:* 4
2. Which of the following will declare an array and initialize it?

ANS: int array[] = new int [5];
3. Which of the following is an illegal declaration of array?

ANS: Dog mydogs[7];
4. Which will legally declare, construct, and initialize an array?

ANS: int [] myList = {9, 6, 3};
5. Which of these array declaration statements is not legal?

ANS: int i[4] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
6. Which of the following is a legal declaration of a two-dimensional array of integers?

ANS: int[]a[] = new int[5][];
7. How would you declare and initialize the array to declare an array of fruits?
ANS: String[] arrayOfFruits = {"apple", "mango", "orange"};
8. After the declaration:

char[] c = new char[100];
What is the value of c[50]?
ANS: '\u0000'
9. Which will legally declare, construct, and initialize an array?
ANS: int [] myList = {9, 6, 3}
10.Given the following code snippet:

float average[] = new float[6];
Assuming the above declaration is a local variable in a method of a class, after the
above statement is executed, which of the following statement is false?
ANS: average[5] is undefined
String concepts:
1. What function does the trim() method of the String class perform?
ANS: It returns a string where both the leading and trailing white space of the
original string has been removed.
2. Which one of the following operators cannot be used in conjunction with a String
object?
ANS:
3. Which method is not defined in the String class?

ANS: reverse()
4. Which statement concerning the charAt() method of the String class is true?
ANS:
5. Which one of the expressions will evaluate to true if preceded by the following
code?
ANS:
6. String a = "hello";
String b = new String(a);
String c = a;
char[] d = { 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o' };

Which one of the expressions will evaluate to true if preceded by the following
code?
ANS: a.equals(b)
7. String str1 = "unread";
String str2 = new String(str1);
String str3 = str1;
char[] str4 = { 'u', 'n', 'r', 'e', 'a', 'd' };

ANS: str1.equals(str2)
8. Which expression will extract the substring "kap" from a string defined by String
str = "kakapo"?
ANS: str.substring(2, 5)
9. Given the code snippet:
String str = new String("Hello");

which of the below mentioned is an invalid call?
ANS:
10. Given the following,

public class StringRef {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s1 = "abc";
String s2 = "def";
String s3 = s2;
s2 = "ghi";
System.out.println(s1 + s2 + s3);
}
What is the result?
ANS:* abcghidef
11. Given the following code snippet,
String x = new String("xyz");
y = "abc";
x = x + y;
How many String objects have been created? Assume the code given above is a
portion of the code present in a method.
ANS:3
12. Given the following:
public class TestSubstring {
String str = "international";
str = str.substring(6, 9);
char b = str.charAt(2);
str = str + b;
System.out.println(str);
What is the result? Assume the code given above is a portion of the code present
in a method.
ANS:* atii
13. What will be the result of attempting to compile and run the following code?
public class RefEq {
String s = "ab" + "12";
String t = "ab" + 12;
System.out.println((s == t) + " " + (s == u));
}
ANS:* error
String x = "xyz";
x.toUpperCase();
String y = x.replace(‘Y’, ‘y’);
y = y + "abc";
System.out.println(y);
What is the result? Assume the code given above is a portion of the code present
in a method.
ANS:* error
15. What will the following program print when run?

public class Search {
String s = "Contentment!";
int middle = s.length() / 2;
String nt = s.substring(middle - 1, middle + 1);
System.out.println(s.lastIndexOf(nt, middle));
}
ANS: 5
16. Which one of the following is not legal?

ANS: System.out.println("st" + new String('e' + 'p'));
17. What will be written to the standard output when the following program is run?
import static java.lang.System.out;
public class TestOutput {
String space = " ";
String composite = space + "windows" + space + space;
composite.concat("server");
String trimmed = composite.trim();
System.out.println(trimmed.length());
}
ANS: 7
18. Which expression will evaluate to true?
ANS: "Hello there".toLowerCase().equals("hello there")
String d = "bookkeeper";
d.substring(1,7);
d = "w" + d;
d.append("woo")
System.out.println(D. ;
What is the result? Assume, the code given above is a portion of the code present
in a method.
ANS: Compilation fails.
Assignments, Expressions, Operators

1. Which one of the below expressions is equivalent to 16>>2?
2. Which of the following is correct?
ANS: 8 >> 2 gives 2
3. Which of the following is correct? 128>>> 1 gives

ANS: 64
4. What is the value of -32 % 6?

ANS: -2
5. Which one of the following is a short-circuit operator?

ANS: &&
6. Given the following code snippet:

double sum = 10.0, price=100;
sum += price>=100 ? price*1.1 : price;
What value is placed in sum? Choose the most appropriate answer.

ANS: 120
7. If x, y, and z are all integers, which expression will produce a runtime error?
NOTE: The expressions are always evaluated with all the integers having a value
of 1.
ANS: z = y%--x
8. Given a variable x of type int (which contains a positive value), which is the
correct way of doubling the value of x, barring any wrapping of out-of-range
intermediate values?
ANS: x << 1;
9. Suppose you have four int variables: x, y, z, and result.
Which expression sets the value of z to x if result has a value of 1, and the value
of y to x otherwise?
ANS: x = (result == 1) ? z : y;
10. Given:
int x = 7;
x <<= 2;
What best describes the second line of code?
ANS: It assigns the value to x after shifting x to 2 places left.
11. Given the variables defined below:
int one = 1;
int two = 2;
char initial = '2';
boolean flag = true;
Which one of the following is invalid?
ANS: switch( flag ){}
12. Identify the shift operator that returns -1 as the value of the variable in the
following statement:
int a= -4 MISSING OPERATOR 2;
ANS:
Primitive Types, Objects, References
1. Which range of values is valid for all integral types, where n is the number of
bits?
ANS:* 0 to 2^(n-1)
2. Given char c = 'A';

What is the simplest way to convert the character value in c into an int?
ANS: int i=c;
3. Which primitive type ranges from -2^31 to (2^31)-1?
ANS: int
4. The primitive type char in Java consists of:

ANS: 16 bits
5. In which of these variable declarations will the variable remain uninitialized

unless explicitly initialized?
ANS:* Local
6. Examine the following section of code:

int area;
int perimeter;
String name;
How many objects have been created?
ANS: None, there is one object reference variable, but no objects yet.
7. What is the numerical range of char?

ANS:* 0 to 65535
8. If i is an int and s is a short, how do you assign i to s?

ANS: s = (short) i;
9. Which one of the following primitive type conversion is permitted implicitly

without using casting?
ANS:* boolean
10. In which of the following answers does the number of bits increase from
fewest (on the left) to most (on the right)?
ANS: byte short int long
11. Which of the following is a valid declaration of boolean?

ANS: boolean b4 = false;
12. Which primitive type ranges from -2^15 to (2^15)-1?

ANS: Short
13. Given:
int a = 4;
byte b = 0;
Which line assigns the value of a to b?

ANS: b = (byte) a;
14. Which of the following primitive data type is an integer type?
ANS: byte
15. Given the following code within a method, which statement is true?
int a, b;
b=5;
ANS: Local variable a is declared but not initialized.
16. Given:
int index = 2;
boolean[] test = new boolean[3];
boolean foo = test [index];
What is the result?
Abstract Classes, Interfaces

1. Which is a valid method signature in an interface?
ANS: boolean setFlag(Boolean [] test []);
2. Which statement is true about interfaces?

ANS: Interfaces allow multiple implementation inheritance.
3. Which statement is true about interfaces?

ANS: The keyword extends is used to specify that an interface inherits from another
interface.
4. Which of the field declaration is legal within the body of an interface?

ANS: int answer = 42;
5. Which declaration prevents creating a subclass of a top level class?

ANS: final public class Javacg{}
6. Here is an abstract method defined in the parent:

public abstract int sumUp ( int[] arr );
Which of the following is required in a non-abstract child?
ANS: public int sumUp ( int[] arr ) { . . . }
7. Which is a valid declaration within an interface?

ANS: public Boolean madness(long bow);
8. Can an abstract class define both abstract methods and non-abstract methods?
ANS: Yes-the child classes inherit both.
9. Which one of the following statements is true?

ANS: An abstract class can declare non-abstract methods.
10. What is an abstract method?

ANS: An abstract method is one without a body that is declared with the reserved
word abstract.
11. What is an abstract class?

ANS: An abstract class is a class which cannot be instantiated.
12. Which declaration in the below code represents a valid declaration within the
interface?
1. public interface TestInterface {
2. volatile long value=98L;
3. transient long amount=67L;
4. Long calculate(long input);
5. static Integer getValue();
6. }
ANS: Declaration at line 4
13. Given:
1. public interface Alpha {
2. String MESSAGE = "Welcome";
3. public void display();
4. }
To create an interface called Beta that has Alpha as its parent, which interface
declaration is correct?
ANS: public interface Beta extends Alpha { }
14. interface I1 {
void draw();
}
class C implements I1 {
xxxxxx
}
Which of the following when inserted at xxxxxx is a legal definition and
implementation?
ANS: public void draw() { }
15. Which one is correct declaration for implementing two interfaces?

ANS: class C implements A, B { }
16. The fields in an interface are implicitly specified as
ANS: Static and final.
17. If a class inheriting an abstract class does not define all of its methods, then it will be
known as
ANS: Abstract class.
Inheritance Concepts
1. Which statement is true?
ANS: It is possible for a subclass to define a method with the same name and
parameters as a method defined by the superclass.
2. A class Car and its subclass Yugo both have a method run() which was written by the
programmer as part of the class definition. If junker refers to an object of type Yugo,
what will the following code do?
junker.run();
ANS: The run() method defined in Yugo will be called.
3. Here is a situation:
Birthday happy;
happy = new AdultBirthday( "Joe", 39);
happy.greeting();
Which greeting() method is run ?
ANS: The one defined for AdultBirthday because that is the type of the object referred to
by happy.
4. Can an object of a child type be assigned to a variable of the parent type? For
example,
Card crd;
BirthDay bd = new BirthDay("Lucinda", 42);
crd = bd; // is this correct?
ANS: Yes-an object can be assigned to a reference variable of the parent type.
5. class A { A(int i) {} } // 1
class B extends A { } // 2
Which one of the following statements is correct?
ANS: Compile-time error at 2.
6. You want subclasses in any package to have access members of a superclass. Which
is the most restrictive access modifier that will accomplish this objective?
ANS: Protected
7. What determines what method is run in the following:

Card crd = new BirthDay("Lucinda", 42);
crd.greeting();
ANS: Both (type of object as well as the reference variable).
8. Which one of the following statement is false?

ANS: A subclass must override all the methods of the superclass.

ANS: Private methods of a superclass cannot be overridden in subclasses.

ANS: If both a subclass and its superclass do not have any declared constructors, the
implicit default constructor of the subclass will call super() when run.
11. What restriction is there on using the super reference in a constructor?

AND: It must be used in the first statement of the constructor.

ANS: Every Java object has a public method named equals.
13. Does a subclass inherit both member variables and methods?

ANS: Yes—both are inherited - but not those are declared as private.
14. Which inheritance in Java programming is not supported?

ANS: Multiple inheritance using classes
15. Order of execution of constructors in Java Inheritance is

ANS: Base to derived class
16. Which of this keyword can be used in a subclass to call the constructor of superclass?
ANS: super
Packages
1. Which is true about the import statement in Java?
ANS: The import statement must be the first statement after any package
declaration in a file.
2. You decide that you wish to add your application’s class to a group of classes that
are stored in the location /examples/basics.
Complete the code to do this
ANS: package examples.basics;
3. Suppose you are creating a class named Button that you want to include in a group
of related classes called controls.
Identify the correct code that includes the class in that group.
ANS:package controls
4. Which is true about the package statement in Java?

ANS: It should be the first non-comment line I the java source file.
5. Suppose a class named App1 is located in the samples messages package. You
have compiled the class. How do you execute the class?
ANS: java samples.messages.App1
6. Which of the following keywords is used to define a package in Java?

ANS: package
7. Which of the following is an incorrect statement about packages?

ANS: A package can be renamed without renaming the directory in which the
classes are stored.
Class and Objects:
1. What is the stored in the object obj in following lines of code?
box obj;
Ans: NULL
2. Which of these keywords is used to make a class?
Ans: class
3. Which of the following is a valid declaration of an object of class Box?
Ans: Box obj = new Box();

4. Which of these operators is used to allocate memory for an object?
Ans: new
5. What is the output of this program?
class box
{
int width;
int height;
int length;
}
class mainclass
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
box obj = new box();
obj.width = 10;
obj.height = 2;
obj.length = 10;
int y = obj.width * obj.height * obj.length;
System.out.print(y);
}
}
Ans: 200

class box
{
int width;
int height;
int length;
}
class mainclass
{
{
box obj1 = new box();
box obj2 = new box();
obj1.height = 1;
obj1.length = 2;
obj1.width = 1;
obj2 = obj1;
System.out.println(obj2.height);
}
}
Ans: 1

class box
{
int width;
int height;
int length;
}
class mainclass
{
{
System.out.println(obj);
}
}
Ans: classname@hashcode in hexadecimal form

class A
{
int i;
int j;
A()
{
i = 1;
j = 2;
}
}
class Output
{
{
A obj1 = new A();
A obj2 = new A();
System.out.print(obj1.equals(obj2));
}
}
Ans:false
Collections
1. Which one of the method below is defined by Map Interface?
Ans: remove
2. Which among the following allow duplicate elements?
Ans: ArrayList
3. Which among the following have elements in insertion order?
Ans: LinkedHashMap
4. How does the set collection deal with duplicate elements?
Ans: The add method returns false if you attempt to add an element with a duplicate value
5. Which of the following statement is true?
Ans: The Set interface is designed for unique elements

6. Which one of the statements is not true about the Collection interface?
Ans: All methods defined in Set interface are also defined in Collection interface
7. Which implementation of the List interface provides for the fastest insertion of a new
element into the middle of the list?
Ans: LinkedList
8. A vector is created and three strings called String1, String2 and String3 are added to
it. The method removeElement("String2") is called. Which of the following methods
will retrieve the "String3".
Ans: get(1)
9. What is the difference between HashMap and LinkedHashMap?

Ans: Elements of a HashMap are unordered whereas elements of LinkedHashMap are
ordered
10. Which of the following statement is true with respect to map?
Ans: Both the keys and values must be objects
11. Which class in the collection framework has its implementation based on Balanced
Tree data structure
Ans: TreeSet
12. Which of the following statement about Set is true?

Ans: Set allows null value but only single occurrence
13. Contains no duplicate elements

Can contain at most one null value
Elements are not key/Value pairs.
Accessing an element Can be almost as fast as performing a similar operation on an array.
Which of these classes provides the specified feature?
Ans: HashSet
14.Given:
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;

public class MyMap {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Map m = new LinkedHashMap();
m.put("Fruit", "Apple");
m.put("Vegetable", "Brinjal");
m.put("Snacks", "Burger");
System.out.println(m);
}
}
What is the output?
Ans: Prints {Fruit=Apple, Vegetable=Brinjal, Snacks=Burger}
15. Given:
import java.util.*;

public class TestSortedMap {
Object o = new LinkedHashMap();
System.out.print((o instanceof Map) + ",");
System.out.println(o instanceof SortedMap);
}
}
What is the result of attempting to compile and run the program?
Ans: true, false
16. What will happen when the following code is executed?
import java.util.*;

public class Test3 {
public static void main(String a[]) {
Map s = new HashMap();
s.put("1", "one");
s.put("3", "three");
s.put("2", "two");
System.out.println(s);
}
}
Ans: Cannot predict the output order in which the key values are printed
Constructor
1. What is true about private constructor?
Ans: Private constructor ensures only one instance of a class exist at any point of time
2. What is true about constructor?
Ans: It can take any number of parameters

3. What would be behaviour if constructor has a return type?
Ans: Compilation error

class test
{
int a;
int b;
test(int i, int j)
{
a = i;
b = j;
}
void meth(test o)
{
o.a *= 2;
O.b /= 2;
}
}
class Output
{
{
test obj = new test(10 , 20);
obj.meth(obj);
System.out.println(obj.a + " " + obj.b);
}
}
Ans: 20 10
5. Predict the output:

class T {
int t = 20;
}
class Main {
T t1 = new T();
System.out.println(t1.t);
}
}
Ans: 20
6. Predict the output of following Java program

class T {
int t = 20;
T() {
t = 40;
}
}
class Main {
T t1 = new T();
System.out.println(t1.t);
}
}
Ans: 40
Method Overloading
1. What is process of defining two or more methods within same class that have same name
but different parameters declaration?
Ans: method overloading

2. Which of these can be overloaded?
Ans: All of the mentioned

3. Predict the output of following Java Programs.
public class Main
{
public static void gfg(String s)
{
System.out.println("String");
}
public static void gfg(Object o)
{
System.out.println("Object");
}

{
gfg(null);
}
}
Ans: String
4. Predict the output of following Java Programs.
public class Main
{
public static void gfg(String s)
{
System.out.println("String");
}
public static void gfg(Object o)
{
System.out.println("Object");
}
public static void gfg(Integer i)
{
System.out.println("Integer");
}

{
gfg(null);
}
}
Ans: Compiler error

class overload
{
int x;
int y;
void add(int a)
{
x = a + 1;
}
void add(int a, int b)
{
x = a + 2;
}
}
class Overload_methods
{
{
overload obj = new overload();
int a = 0;
obj.add(6);
System.out.println(obj.x);
}
}
Ans: 7

class overload
{
int x;
int y;
void add(int a)
{
x = a + 1;
}
void add(int a , int b)
{
x = a + 2;
}
}
class Overload_methods
{
{
overload obj = new overload();
int a = 0;
obj.add(6, 7);
System.out.println(obj.x);
}
}
Ans: 8
Class method :
1. Here is a method definition:
int compute( int a, double y ){ . . . .}
Which of the following has a different signature?
Ans: int compute( int a, int y ){ . . . .}
2.Which one of the below statements is true?
Ans: When a class has defined constructors with parameters, the compiler does not create a
default no-args constructor.
3. What is a method's signature?
Ans: The signature of a method is the name of the method and the data types of its
parameters.
4. public class MethodTest {
public void methodSam( int a, float b, byte c) {}
}
Which of the following is considered as overloaded methodSam?
Ans: public void methodSam( int x, float y, byte z) {}
5.A constructor is used to:
Ans: Initialize a newly created object.
6. public class Constructor {
public Constructor (int x, int y, int z)
{}
}
Which of the following is considered as overloaded constructor?
Ans: Constructor() {}
7. Given the following,
1. long test( int x, float y) {
2.
3. }
Which one of the following line inserted at line 2 would not compile?
Ans: return (y/x);
8. Which one of the following is generally a valid definition of an application’s main()
method ?
Ans: public static void main( String[] args );
Methods:
1. What is the return type of a method that does not returns any value?
Ans: void
2. Which method can be defined only once in a program?
Ans: main method
3. Which of these statement is incorrect?
Ans: All object of a class are allotted memory for the all the variables defined in the class
class box
{
int width;
int height;
int length;
int volume;
void volume(int height, int length, int width)
{
volume = width*height*length;
}
}
class Prameterized_method
{
{
obj.height = 1;
obj.length = 5;
obj.width = 5;
obj.volume(3,2,1);
System.out.println(obj.volume);
}
}
Ans: 6
class equality
{
int x;
int y;
boolean isequal()
{
return(x == y);
}
}
class Output
{
{
equality obj = new equality();
obj.x = 5;
obj.y = 5;
System.out.println(obj.isequal());
}
}
Ans: true
class box
{
int width;
int height;
int length;
int volume;
void volume()
{
volume = width*height*length;
}
}
class Output
{
{
obj.height = 1;
obj.length = 5;
obj.width = 5;
obj.volume();
}
}
Ans: 25
7. In the below code, which call to sum() method is appropriate?
class Output
{
public static int sum(int ...x)
{
return;
}
static void main(String args[])
{
sum(10);
sum(10,20);
sum(10,20,30);
sum(10,20,30,40);
}
}
Ans: all of the mentioned
class area
{
int width;
int length;
int volume;
area()
{
width=5;
length=6;
}
void volume()
{
volume = width*length*height;
}
}
class cons_method
{
{
area obj = new area();
obj.volume();
}
}
Ans: error
9. What is the output of the following program?
class Main {
System.out.println(fun());
}
int fun() {
return 20;
}
}
Ans: Compiler error

Arrays and Strings concepts explained in 40 characters

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Arrays:

1. What is the value of seasons.length for the following array?

2. Which of the following will declare an array and initialize it?

3. Which of the following is an illegal declaration of array?

4. Which will legally declare, construct, and initialize an array?

5. Which of these array declaration statements is not legal?

6. Which of the following is a legal declaration of a two-dimensional array of integers?

8. After the declaration:

10.Given the following code snippet:

3. Which method is not defined in the String class?

String b = new String(a);

char[] d = { 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o' };

7. String str1 = "unread";

String str2 = new String(str1);

String str3 = str1;

char[] str4 = { 'u', 'n', 'r', 'e', 'a', 'd' };

9. Given the code snippet:

String str = new String("Hello");

10. Given the following,

public static void main(String[] args) {

11. Given the following code snippet,

String x = new String("xyz");

12. Given the following:

public class TestSubstring {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String str = "international";

str = str.substring(6, 9);

public class RefEq {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String s = "ab" + "12";

String t = "ab" + 12;

System.out.println((s == t) + " " + (s == u));

14. Given the following code snippet,

String y = x.replace(‘Y’, ‘y’);

15. What will the following program print when run?

public static void main(String[] args) {

int middle = s.length() / 2;

String nt = s.substring(middle - 1, middle + 1);

16. Which one of the following is not legal?

import static java.lang.System.out;

public class TestOutput {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String space = " ";

String composite = space + "windows" + space + space;

String trimmed = composite.trim();

19. Given the following code snippet,

Assignments, Expressions, Operators

2. Which of the following is correct?

ANS: 8 >> 2 gives 2

3. Which of the following is correct? 128>>> 1 gives

4. What is the value of -32 % 6?

5. Which one of the following is a short-circuit operator?

6. Given the following code snippet:

sum += price>=100 ? price*1.1 : price;

What value is placed in sum? Choose the most appropriate answer.

9. Suppose you have four int variables: x, y, z, and result.

11. Given the variables defined below:

int a= -4 MISSING OPERATOR 2;

Primitive Types, Objects, References

2. Given char c = 'A';

4. The primitive type char in Java consists of:

5. In which of these variable declarations will the variable remain uninitialized

6. Examine the following section of code: