1.
What is linear programming
 It also called linear optimization.
 it is the model and solution procedures
which use mathematical techniques to
optimize the goal and objectives of the
decision maker.
 Used to determine the optimum allocation
of scare resources among competing
demands.
 Used to achieve best outcome.
2. Properties of Linear programming problem
 Relationship among the variable are
linear.
 It choose the mathematical models of the
problem contains only linear functions.
 A model must have an objective function.
 Resource constraint are essential
 A model must have non-negative
constraints.
3. Essential of LP model
 Limited resources: limited number of labors,
material equipment and finance
 Objective: refers to the aim to optimize (maximize
the profits or minimize the costs).
 Linearity: increase in labor input will have a
proportionate increase in output.
 Homogeneity: the products, workers' efficiency,
and machines are assumed to be identical.
4. Formulation of LP
 Formulation of linear programming is the representation
of problem situation in a mathematical form.
 It involves well defined decision variables, with an
objective function, set of constraints and non-negative
conditions.
5. OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
 Is the aim or the goal of the system?
 it to be determined from the problem
 Generally, the objective in most cases will be either to
maximize resources or profits or, to minimize the cost or
time.
6. Formulate the OBJECTIVE in mathematical
form
Assume: the furniture company produces table and chairs.
If the manufacture wants to maximize his profits. He has
to determine he optimal quantity of table and chairs to be
produced
Let:
X1: Optimal production of table
X2: Optimal production of chair
P1: Profits from each table sold
P2: Profits from each chair sold
Hence,
Total profits from table: P1 X1
Total profits from chair: P2 X2
The objective function is formulated as:
Maximize Z or Z max = P1 X1 + P2 X2
7. Constraints
 The limited resources basically raw materials.
 In addition to raw material, if other resources such
as labor, machinery and time are also considered as
constraint equation.

8. Non-negativity constraints
 Negative values of physical quantities are
impossible, like producing negative number of
chairs, tables, etc., so it is necessary to include the
element of non-negativity as a constraint
i.e., x1 , x2  0

9. Special terms in LP
A. Parameters:
B. Right-hand side
C. Objective coefficients
D. Technological coefficients
E. Canonical form
F. Standard form