Properties of Materials

Fher Musule Santoyo

Veronica Janeth Landin Sandoval

5*A Robotics
Four Layer Diode:
The 4-layer diode, also known as the Shockley diode, is a crystal made of alternating layers of N-
and P-type semiconductors. By placing 4 layers, instead of the 3 used in transistors, the Shockley
diode could do more than a transistor. The 4-layer diode, therefore, could be used to replace both
the rectifiers and transistors needed to connect so-called long distance telephones. Essentially, the
4-layer diode was the first circuit to be included, because it did the work of 2 transistors, 2
resistors and a diode, all in a single crystal. Once the included circuit had been invented in 1958, it
eclipsed the abilities of the 4-layer diode and any market for the diode dried up immediately.

SCR:
The terminology SCR which sense is intended to mean silicon controlled rectifier, which is part of
the thyristor family. Although many people use to identify them interchangeably Thyristor and
SCR. Due to their operating abilities with high current and voltage values, the largest field where
they are usually used and carried out is in the industrial sectors. SCRs are built as its name says
based on silicon and its most used applications are usually for (rectification) to change AC current
(alternating current) into DC current (direct current), hence the name of silicon controlled rectifier.
DIAC:
The DIAC (Diode for Alternating Current) is a 2-connected semiconductor device. It is a
bidirectional, triggerable diode that conducts current only after its trigger voltage has been
exceeded, and as long as the circulating current is not lower than the characteristic cost for that
device. Most of the DIACs have a trigger voltage of about 30 V.

There are mainly 2 types of DIACs according to their number of layers (they can be 3 or 4 layers)

TRIAC:
Its irreplaceable handling is to close a contact between 2 terminals (anode 1 and 2) to let current
flow (output current) once a small current is applied to another terminal called "gate" or Gate
(activation current).

The current will continue to be allowed to flow until the output current reduces below a defined
cost, called threshold current, or the current is fully cut off in some way, exemplified by a switch or
push button as we will see later.
SCS:
This extra terminal makes it possible to exercise more control over the device, especially in the
forced commutation mode, where an external signal commands it to shut down as long as the
primary current through the device has not yet fallen below the holding current cost. Note that
the motor is in the anode gate circuit in the figure below. The anode wire is needed to turn off the
SCS.

Bibliography
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