INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING, (PCSIR) KARACHI

Lab. Manual

Power Electronics
Third Year Fall Semester

Submitted By

Submitted To
Engr. Qurratulain
Lecturer

1
 INDEX
Lab.No Title Pg. No
1(a). Find diode power loss, average power loss with ON and OFF 3-4
switching.
1(b). Find series connected diode power loss across resistors in given 5-7
circuit.
2. To study the characteristic curve of a Silicon Controlled Rectifier 8-10
and analyze the connection between VGT (gate triggering voltage)
and VFBO (forward break over voltage).
3. To find the value of holding current of thyristor and observe that 11-13
after triggering it will remain conducting.
4. To recognize the full wave rectifier with RL load and observe the 14-16
effect of inductor on output waveform.
5. To study the basic operation of thyristor half wave rectifier and 17-18
control firing angle.
6. To study the basic operation of thyristor full wave half controlled 19-20
rectifier.
7. To recognize the half wave rectifier with RL load and observe the 21-23
effect of inductor on output waveform. Also observe the effect of
Freewheeling diode.
8. To study the basic operation of thyristor full wave rectifier 24
(Simulation).
9. To study the characteristic curve of a TRIAC and analyze the 25-27
connection between VGT (gate triggering voltage) and VD (off-state
forward voltage).
10. To study the triggering response of a TRIAC in four triggering 28-30
quadrants and determine IH1 (forward holding current) and IH2
(reverse holding current).
11. To study the RC connected UJT circuit and determine the peak 31-33
voltage VP and the valley voltage VV.
12. To study the module and waveforms of a Single-Phase AC voltage 34-36
controller with R and RL loads (By Simulation).
13. The objective of Experiment is to analyze the operation 37-39
(Switching) of three phase half controlled rectifiers with resistive
load. (By Simulation).

2
 Power Electronics IIEE
6th Semester Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering LAB 1 (a)

OBJECTIVE:

Find Diode power loss, average power loss with ON and OFF switching.

THEORY:
Diode is a two terminal P-N junction semiconductor device, with terminals anode (A) and cathode
(C).
The symbol of the Power diode is same as signal level diode.
If terminal A experiences a higher potential compared to terminal K, the device is said to be
forward biased and a forward current will flow from anode to cathode.

This causes a small voltage drop across the device (<1V) called as forward voltage drop (Vf), which
under ideal conditions is usually ignored. By contrast, when a diode is reverse biased, it does not
conduct and the diode then experiences a small current flowing in the reverse direction called
the leakage current. It is shown below in the VI characteristics of the diode.
 PT(avg) = Pon +Poff +Psw
 Pon =VfIf t on/T
 Poff =VR IR t off/T
 Psw =Psw(ON) + Psw(OFF)
 Psw(ON) =1/6 Vf(ma) If(ma) tr f
 Psw(OFF) = 1/6 Vf(ma) If(ma) tf f

Circuit Diagram:

3
V-I Characteristics:
The reverse recovery characteristics of the Power diode
is shown in the following figure. From the figure, we
can understand the turn off characteristic of the diode.
The Reverse recovery time tRR is the time interval
between the application of reverse voltage and the
reverse current dropped to 0.25 of IRR.

Power Losses Cases are given below:

Parameter ta is the interval between the zero crossings of the diode current to it reaches IRR.
Parameter tb is the time interval from the maximum reverse recovery current to 0:25 of IRR .
The lower trr means fast diode switching. The ratio of the two parameters ta and tb is known as
the softness factor SF.

Diode Selection:
A power diode is chosen primarily based on forward current (IF ) and the peak inverse (VRRM)
voltage.`

Calculation:

4
 Power Electronics IIEE
6th Semester Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering LAB 1 (b)

OBJECTIVE:
Find Series Connector Diode power loss across resistors given in circuit.

THEORY:
In high-voltage applications one commercially available diode is unable to meet the required
voltage ratings of a circuit. Connecting diodes in series increases the reverse blocking capabilities
of the diodes. Each diode must carry the same leakage current, and have the same blocking voltage.
However, in reality even two diodes of the same part number will not have the same characteristics
due to tolerances in the production process. This is shown for two diodes of the same part number
connected in series in Figure 2.5, along with their v-i characteristics. This gives rise to problems
when diodes are connected in series, since the blocking voltages will differ slightly.
 IS=VD1/R + ID1
 IS=VD2/R + ID1
 R=VD1-VD2 / ID2-ID1
 PR=I2R1 R+ I2R2 R

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

V-I CHARACTERISTICS:
V-I characteristics show that the diodes have
different blocking voltages. In forward biased
state, the voltage drop and the forward current
would be same on the diodes. While in the
reverse biased the blocking, voltage is different
as the diodes have to carry the same leakage
current.
This problem can be solved by connected
resistances across every diode. Voltage would
be shared equally, hence the leakage current
would differ.

5
SIMULATION:

Without balance resistor

With balance resistors

6
CALCULATION:

RESULT:

7
 Power Electronics IIEE
6th Semester Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering LAB 2

OBJECTIVE:
To study the Characteristic Curve of a Silicon Controlled Rectifier and analyze the connection
between VGT (gate triggering voltage) and VFBO (forward break over voltage).

THEORY:
A Silicon-Controlled Rectifier, or SCR, is essentially a Shockley diode with an extra terminal
added. This extra terminal is called the gate, and it is used to trigger
the device into conduction (latch it) by the application of a small
voltage.
When anode is positive w.r.t. cathode, the curve between V and I is
called the forward characteristics. If the supply voltage is increased
from zero, a point reached when the SCR starts conducting. Under
this condition, the voltage across SCR suddenly drops as shown by
curve and most of supply voltage appears across the load resistance.
If proper gate current is made to flow, SCR can close at much
smaller supply voltage.
When anode is negative w.r.t. cathode, the curve between V and I is known as reverse
characteristics.
The reverse voltage does come across SCR when it is operated with A.C. supply. If the reverse
voltage is gradually increased, at first the anode current remains small (i.e. leakage current) and at
some reverse voltage, avalanche breakdown occurs and the SCR starts conducting heavily in the
reverse direction as shown by the curve.
This maximum reverse voltage at which SCR starts conducting heavily is known as reverse
breakdown voltage.

8
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
 Construct the circuit as given in Circuit Diagram.
 Set the Oscilloscope on X/Y mode operation, Channel 2 Inverted. Adjust Channel 1.
 Switch ON the 12-volt AC Supply. Trigger the Thyristor by adjusting R2.
 Observe the output waveform shown by the Oscilloscope. The X-axis represents the anode
to cathode voltage (VAK) and the Y-axis represents the current passing through the
Thyristor. R3 = 10Ω is used to convert the sensitivity of channel 2 from V/div to mA/div.
 Vary VAK for 5 different values including smallest and largest value possible, when
thyristor is triggered. Each value is set by varying the Gate Trigger Voltage VGT using R2.
Read the values VAK on the Oscilloscope and VGT by the DMM.

OBSERVATION:

S.No. VGT (V) VAK (V)

01
02
03
04
05

Forward Break Over Voltage VFBO =

Gate Trigger Voltage VGT =
Holding Current IH =

9
GRAPH:

RESULT:

10
Power Electronics IIEE
6th Semester Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering LAB 3

OBJECTIVE:
To find the value of Holding Current IH of Thyristor and observe that after triggering it will
remain conducting.

THEORY:
A Thyristor is a four layered and three terminal device (cathode, anode and gate) and behaves like
a Diode once it has been triggered. After being turned on the gate
current control is longer needed.
However, if the forward current is reduced below a level known
as the holding current IH, the Thyristor will go into blocking
state. The gate current is in the order of milliamperes and is less
than the latching current. The holding current is the minimum
anode current required to maintain the Thyristor in ON-state.
Once the Thyristor is turned on by a gate signal and its anode
current is greater than the holding current, the device continues
to conduct even if the gate signal is removed.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
 Construct the circuit as shown in Circuit Diagram.
 Apply variable 0 to 12 volts DC to the circuit.
 Increase the variable anode-to-cathode voltage VAK in increments of 0.1 volts.
 Record the values of IG and IT for each voltage until triggering.
 Plot a graph between IG and IT
 Switch ON the Thyristor again with the readings obtained and then stop the Gate current
after triggering. Observe the Anode Current IT
 Switch ON the Thyristor again with the readings obtained and then stop the Gate current
after triggering. Now slowly reduce the anode current. Observe the Anode Current IT and
state of Thyristor.

11
OBSERVATION:

S.No VGK IG IT
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10

GRAPH:

12
RESULT:

13
 Power Electronics IIEE
6th Semester Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering LAB 4

OBJECTIVE:
To recognize the full wave rectifier with RL load and observe the effect of inductor in output
waveform.

THEORY:

 Full wave rectification by diode bridge:

A single-phase diode rectifier converts an AC voltage at the input to a DC voltage at the output. The
power flow in the circuit is unidirectional, i.e., from the AC input to the DC output only. This is a
full bridge rectifier since it has two pairs of diodes. The
circuit operation depends on the state of the voltage source
(Ls, Rs and Ld are neglected for simplicity):
 Positive half cycle: The diodes D1 and D4 conduct while
diodes D2 and D3 are blocking. The positive grid voltage
induces a positive voltage across the load resistance.
 Negative half cycle: Now diodes D2 and D3 conduct while
diodes D1 and D4 are blocking. Since a positive current
flows through diodes D2 and D3 the voltage across the
resistor is again positive.
The combination of the four diodes achieves a full wave
rectification of the AC input voltage with an average DC Full wave bridge rectifier with RL load
voltage of:

𝟐
𝐕𝐝𝐜 = 𝐕
𝛑 𝟏
Influence of inductors
During the positive half cycle of the grid voltage the diode pair D1/D4 conducts. As the DC voltage
crosses zero both diode pairs D1/D4 and D2/D3 conduct since the inductors Ls and Ld try to maintain
the current flow. The time during which both diode pairs conduct is called the current commutation
interval. All four diodes have zero forward voltage so during the current commutation between the
two diode pairs the DC voltage stays zero.
The series combination of Ld and Rd acts as a first order low pass filter that reduces the voltage
ripple at the output.

14
Full wave rectification by Diodes:

When the inductance of Lf is infinite, the current

through the inductor and the output voltage are
constant. When inductor Lf is finite, the current
through the inductor has a ripple component, as
shown by the dotted lines in Fig. If the input
inductance is too small, the current decreases to
zero (becoming discontinuous) during a portion of
the time between the peaks of the rectifier output
voltage. The minimum value of inductance
required to maintain a continuous current is known
as the critical inductance LC. Full waverectifier with RL load

Critical Inductance Lc:

In the case of single-phase full-wave rectifiers, the critical inductance can be found as

Where fi is the input frequency.

The dc component of the rectifier voltage is given by Eq..Therefore the ripple factor can be
expressed as

PROCEDURE:
 Construct the circuit as shown in Circuit Diagram.
 Apply the voltage AC to the circuit.
 Increase the value of inductor L and observe the effect in output waveform.
 Measure the phase difference between the resistor voltage VR and inductor current IL.

SIMULATION:

15
SCOPE OUTPUT:

OBSERVATION:

RESULT:

16
 Power Electronics IIEE
6th Semester Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering LAB 5

OBJECTIVE:
To study the basic operation of Thyristor Half Wave Rectifier and control firing angle.

THEORY:
A rectifier is a circuit used to change AC signals to become a DC signal. The diodes are
commonly used in a rectifier circuit. A diode rectifier produces a constant output voltage. A
Thyristor rectifier can produce varying output voltage controlling the thyristor delay triggering
time. The Thyristor rectifier is more known as PHASE CONTROL CONVERTER.

During positive half-cycle of the input voltage (VS), the thyristor is forward biased. When the
thyristor is triggered at ωt = θ it will start conducting. During the reversed half-cycle of the input
voltage, the thyristor is in blocking state in accordance with its characteristic.
𝐕𝐦
𝐕𝐝𝐜 = (𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛂)
𝟐𝛑

𝐕𝐦 𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝛂
𝐕𝐫𝐦𝐬 = √[ (𝛑 − 𝛂 + )]
𝟐 𝛑 𝟐

CIRCUITT DIAGRAM:

With Resistive load With Resistive & Inductive load

17
PROCEDURE:
 Setup the circuit as shows in circuit diagram.
 Switch on the AC supply. Observe the load voltage VL for minimum and maximum firing
angle of circuit.
 Observe the load DC voltage, RMS output voltage and calculate the form factor.
 Replace the resistive load with inductive load (motor) and repeat above steps.

OBSERVATION:

S. No. Firing Angle Load Voltage Form Factor

1 Minimum
2 Maximum

WAVE FORM:

With Resistive & Inductive load α=0°

With Resistive load α=30°

CALCULATION:

With Resistive & Inductive load α=90°

CONCLUSION:

18
Power Electronics IIEE
6th Semester Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering LAB 6

OBJECTIVE:
To study the basic operation of Thyristor Full Wave Half Controlled Rectifier.

THEORY:
A fully-controlled rectifier circuit contains only controlled-rectifiers, whereas a half-controlled
rectifier circuit is made up of both controlled and uncontrolled rectifiers. Due to presence of diodes,
free-wheeling operation takes place without allowing the bridge output voltage to become negative.
In a semi-controlled rectifier, control is effected only for positive output voltage, and no control is
possible when its output voltage tends to become negative since it is clamped at zero volt.

The circuit contains two SCRs and two diodes. When source Vin is positive, SCR S1 can be
triggered at the firing angle and then current flows out of the source through SCR S1 first, then
through the load and returns via diode D3.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

D1 D2
2N1595 V1 2N1595

12Vrms X1
60Hz LAMP
0°
D3 D4
1N4001 1N4001

19
PROCEDURE:

 Setup the circuit as shows in circuit diagram.

 Switch on the AC supply.
 Observe the load voltage waveform for minimum firing (450) angle of circuit.
 Observe the load voltage waveform for maximum firing (1150) angle of circuit.

OBSERVATION:

S. No. Firing Angle Load Voltage Form Factor

1 Minimum
2 Maximum

WAVE FORM:

CONCLUSION:

20
Power Electronics IIEE
6th Semester Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering LAB 7

OBJECTIVE:
To recognize the half wave rectifier with RL load and observe the effect of inductor in output
waveform. Also observe the effect of Freewheeling diode.

THEORY:
The simplest type of uncontrolled rectifiers is HWR is never used industrial applications because
of its poor performance. In a single phase, half wave rectifier SPHWR, for one cycle of supply
voltage, there is one-half cycle of output. The load on the output side of rectifier may be resistive
load (R), or inductive load (R+L). The free-wheel diode connected across the inductive load on the
output side of rectifier.
Operation with resistive load
The circuit diagram and the input and output waveforms is
shown in fig
At 0<ωt< π diode is forward biased and output voltage Vo is
source voltage Vs. Where Vs = Vm sinωt, and load current is
io =Vo/R. At π<ωt<2π diode is reverse biased and output
voltage Vo = zero and load current is io =0.
For R load the output current waveform same the output
voltage waveforms. The average output voltage is Vm/π, and
RMS value of output voltage is equal to Vm/2. Peak inverse
voltage PIV = Vm
Operation with inductive load
As shown in Fig below after the end of the positive half cycle,
the current continuous to flow due to the inductive voltage
(Ldi/dt), and load experience the negative voltage of the source. The diode ceases conduction when
inductance current attempt IL to reverse at ωt= and voltage source appear as reverse bias across

diode D. then

21
Compare input-output wave form with or without Freewheeling diode

Without Freewheeling diode With Freewheeling diode

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

With Resistive Load With Inductive Load

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the single-phase half wave rectifier circuit. Turn on the power
2. Plot the input and output waveforms on the same graph paper.
3. Measure the average and RMS output voltage by connect the AVO meter across load
resistance.
4. Turn off the power
5. Add the inductive load on the output. With L=10mH measure the output voltage and plot the
output waveform.
6. Repeat step 6 with L=100mH, 500mH measure the output voltage and plot the output
waveforms.
7. Repeat step 6 & 7 with connect the freewheeling diode across the load.

22
CALCULATION:

CONCLUSION:

23
 Power Electronics IIEE
6th Semester Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering LAB 8

OBJECTIVE:
To study the basic operation of Thyristor Full Wave Rectifier (Simulation).

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SIMULATION:

24
 Power Electronics IIEE
6th Semester Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering LAB 9

OBJECTIVE:

To study the Characteristic Curve of a TRIAC and analyze the connection between VGT (gate
triggering voltage) and VD (off-state forward voltage).

THEORY:
TRIAC, from triode for alternating current, is a generic trademark for a three terminal electronic
component that conducts current in either direction when triggered. A thyristor is analogous to
a relay in that a small voltage and current can control a much larger voltage and current.
TRIACs are a subset of thyristors and are related
to silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs). TRIACs
differ from SCRs in that they allow current flow
in both directions, whereas an SCR can only
conduct current in a single direction. Most
TRIACs can be triggered by applying either a
positive or negative voltage to the gate (an SCR
requires a positive voltage). Once triggered, SCRs
and TRIACs continue to conduct, even if the gate
current ceases, until the main current drops below
a certain level called the holding current.
TRIACs' bi-directionality makes them convenient switches for alternating-current (AC). In
addition, applying a trigger at a controlled phase angle of the AC in the main circuit allows control
of the average current flowing into a load (phase control). This is commonly used for controlling
the speed of induction motors, dimming lamps, and controlling electric heaters.
CHARACTERISTIC CURVE:

25
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

 Construct the circuit as given in Circuit Diagram.

 Set the Oscilloscope on X/Y mode operation, Channel 2 Inverted. Adjust Channel 1.
 Switch ON the 12-volt AC Supply. Trigger the TRIAC by adjusting R2. Observe the output
waveform shown by the Oscilloscope. The X-axis represents the Off-state Forward Voltage
(VD) and the Y-axis represents the current flowing through the TRIAC. R3 = 10Ω is used
to convert the sensitivity of channel 2 from V/div to mA/div.
 Vary VGT for 5 different values and record smallest and largest value of VD possible, when
thyristor is triggered. Each value is set by varying the Gate Trigger Voltage VGT using R2.
Read the values VD on the Oscilloscope and VGT by the DMM.

OBSERVATION:

S. No. VGT (volts) VD (volts)

01

02

03

04

05

26
GRAPH:

Off-state Forward Voltage VD =

Gate Trigger Voltage VGT =

CONCLUSION:

27
 Power Electronics IIEE
6th Semester Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering LAB 10

OBJECTIVE:
To study the triggering response of a TRIAC in four triggering quadrants and determine IH1
(forward holding current) and IH2 (reverse holding current).

THEORY:
TRIAC, from triode for alternating current, is a generic trademark for a three terminal electronic
component that conducts current in either direction
when triggered. A thyristor is analogous to a relay in
that a small voltage and current can control a much
larger voltage and current.
TRIACs are a subset of thyristors and are related
to silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs). TRIACs differ
from SCRs in that they allow current flow in both
directions, whereas an SCR can only conduct current
in a single direction. Most TRIACs can be triggered by
applying either a positive or negative voltage to the gate
(an SCR requires a positive voltage). Once triggered,
SCRs and TRIACs continue to conduct, even if the gate
current ceases, until the main current drops below a
certain level called the holding current.
TRIACs' bi-directionality makes them convenient
switches for alternating-current (AC). In addition,
applying a trigger at a controlled phase angle of the AC
in the main circuit allows control of the average current
flowing into a load (phase control). This is commonly
used for controlling the speed of induction motors,
dimming lamps, and controlling electric heaters.
The region of operation of TRIAC and its polarities are
shown in the table below:

Quadrant
Terminal
First Second Third Fourth
MT1 + - - +
G + + - -
MT2 Reference Point

28
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Circuit 1 Circuit 2

PROCEDURE:
 Construct the First circuit as given in Circuit Diagram.
 Note that there are two kinds of sources; the 12 volts AC source and the 12 volts variable
DC source.
 Switch on both voltage supplies. The terminal MT1 and G are now positive. Start increasing
the variable DC supply from 0V until the lamp lights up. Record values of VGT and IGT
when the lamp lights up. This is called First Quadrant Triggering.
 Modify the circuit to apply a negative voltage to terminal MT1. This can be done by
reversing the polarity of the diode.
 Again start increasing the variable DC supply from 0V until the lamp lights up. Record
values of VGT and IGT when the lamp lights up. This is called Second Quadrant Triggering.
 Modify the circuit again to also apply a negative voltage to terminal G. This can be done
by reversing the polarity of the DC supply.
 Again start increasing the variable DC supply from 0V until the lamp lights up. Record
values of VGT and IGT when the lamp lights up. This is called Third Quadrant Triggering.
 Now modify the circuit to apply a positive voltage to terminal MT1. This can be done by
reversing the polarity of the diode.
 Again start increasing the variable DC supply from 0V until the lamp lights up. Record
values of VGT and IGT when the lamp lights up. This is called Fourth Quadrant Triggering.
 Calculate the Control Power PZ (= VGT x IGT) for each quadrant.
 Construct the Second circuit as given in Circuit Diagram.
 Trigger the TRIAC by switching on the variable DC supply from 12 volts. The lamp should
light up. Start reducing the supply voltages until the lamp goes off indicating the TRIAC is
in OFF state. Record the current value when the lamp goes off. This is the holding current
IH which is then minimum current required to keep the TRIAC conducting.
 Change the polarity of the DC supply and repeat the previous step. Record the forward
holding current as IH1 and reverse holding current as IH2 and repeat this step for 3 values.

29
OBSERVATION:

Quadrant VGT (volts) IGT (mA) Pz (mW)

First
Second
Third
Fourth
Table 1. Basic Parameters

S. No. IH1 (mA) IH2 (mA)

1
2
3

Table 2. Holding Currents

CONCLUSION:

30
Power Electronics IIEE
6th Semester Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering LAB 11

OBJECTIVE:
To study the effect of R and C to the oscillating frequency f and determine the peak voltage VP
and the valley voltage VV.

THEORY:
Although a unijunction transistor is not a thyristor, this device can trigger larger thyristors with a
pulse at base B1. A unijunction transistor is composed of a bar of N-type silicon having a P-type
connection in the middle. The connections at the ends of the bar are known as bases B1 and B2;
the P-type mid-point is the emitter.

UJT’s have unidirectional conductivity and negative impedance characteristics acting more like a
variable voltage divider during breakdown. The Unijunction emitter current vs voltage
characteristic curve shows that as VE increases, current IE increases till IP at the peak point. Beyond
the peak point, current increases as voltage decreases in the negative resistance region. The voltage
reaches a minimum at the valley point. The resistance of RB1, the saturation resistance is lowest
at the valley point.

31
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
 Construct the circuit as given in First Circuit Diagram.
 Connect the capacitor C = 0.1µF and the Resistor R3 = 680.
 Set the potentiometer resistance at 50kΩ. The Emitter Resistance then becomes 53.3kΩ.
 Set the Oscilloscope for Dual Operation and adjust Channel 1 and 2.
 Observe the waveforms on the Oscilloscope and note values of Vp, Vv and VB1max. Also
determine the frequency and period of the pulses.
 Observe effect of R changing the frequencies of VC and VA.
 Construct the circuit as given in Second Circuit Diagram.
 Change the current IE by changing the resistance of R2 potentiometer. Record the current
IE and the voltage VE.
 Repeat the Experiment for 10 different sets of Data.
 Sketch the graph of IE and VE.

OBSERVATION:
Capacitor =
R Vp Vv VB1max T F
S. No.
Ω volts volts volts seconds Hz
01
02
03

IE VE
S. No.
mA volts
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10

32
GRAPH:

WAVEFORM:

Conclusion:

Waveform across capacitor Waveform across load

33
Power Electronics IIEE
6th Semester Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering LAB 12

OBJECTIVE:
To study the module and waveforms of a Single-Phase AC voltage controller with R and RL
loads (By Simulation).

PROCEDURE:
1) Switch ON the mains supply to the firing circuit. Observe the trigger outputs by varying
firing angle potentiometer and by operating On/OFF and SCR/TRIAC selector switch.
2) Make sure the firing pulses are proper before connecting to the power circuit.
3) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
4) Connect firing pulses from the firing circuit to the corresponding SCRs/TRIAC in the power
circuit.
5) Switch ON the step-down transformer supply (MCB) and now switch ON the trigger pulses
by operating ON/OFF switch in the firing circuit.
6) Observe the output voltage waveform across load using oscilloscope.
7) Note down the input voltage, firing angle and output voltage readings in the
TABULARFORMS.
8) Draw the waveforms in the graph at 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 Deg. firing angles.

FORMULA USED:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

34
SIMULATION:

WAVEFORM:

35
OBSERVATION:

Theoretical Output
Input Voltage Firing Angle Output Voltage
S. No. Voltage
(V) (α) (V)
(V)
01

02

03

04

05

CALCULATION:

CONCLUSION:

36
Power Electronics IIEE
6th Semester Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering LAB 13

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of Experiment is to analyze the operation (Switching) of three phase half
controlled rectifiers with resistive load. (By Simulation).

PROCEDURE:
1) Connect the three-phase half wave-controlled rectifier circuit shown in Fig. (1) on the power
electronic trainer.
2) Turn on the power.
3) By use oscilloscope, plot the input and output waveforms on the same graph paper" same
axis".
4) Measure the average and RMS output voltage by connect the AVO meter across load
resistance.
5) Turn off the power
6) Use an inductive load. With L=10mH measure the output voltage and plot the output
waveform.
7) Repeat step 6 with L=100mH measure the output voltage and plot the output waveforms.
8) Repeat step 6 & 7 with connect the freewheeling diode across the load

FORMULA USED:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

37
SIMULATION:

WAVEFORM:

OBSERVATION:

Theoretical Output
Input Voltage Firing Angle Output Voltage
S. No. Voltage
(V) (α) (V)
(V)
01

02

03

04

05

38
CALCULATION:

CONCLUSION:

39