CONFIDENTIAL

GBI PROJECT- GROUP WORK – TECHNICAL REPORT ASSESSMENT: ENGINEER IN SOCIETY

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PULAU PINANG

PROPOSED : GBI GROUP PROJECT – ASSESSMENT 3 EC221 8 ______

I1/I2
GROUP :
ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUBMISSION (OCT 2020 – FEB2021)
SELECTED THE VERTE ELECTRONICS
: DATE : 18/12/2020
PROJECT

TECHNICAL REPORT - TOTAL CARRY MARK: 30%

COURSE OUTCOMES

At the end of this project, students will be able to:-

1. Justify the problem identification, formulation and solution creatively dealing with the
contemporary issues and technological development in the industry; and knowledge of ethics
and professionalism as an engineer.

2. Express concern to the society regarding social, health, safety, ethic, and cultural issues by
appreciating the world civilization of engineering pertinent to professional practice.

PROGRRAMMED OUTCOMES

PO 6 - Ability to apply reasoning informed by contextual knowledge to assess societal, health,

safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to professional civil
engineering practice and solutions to complex engineering problems. (A)

PO 7 - Evaluate the sustainability development in the construction industry including

infrastructure creatively. (A)

PO 8 - Ability to exercise professional civil engineering practices with ethical principles and
commit to professional ethics and responsibilities. (A)

GROUP MEMBER’S NAME

No. STUDENT ID NAME
1.
2017428166 Fazlin Nur Hanis binti Rafien
2. Yusyalia binti Abdul Halim
2018693884
3. Farzana Izzati binti Che Daud
2018437844
4. Qamarina binti Muhammad Junaiddin
2017498242
5. 2017428218 Tuan Sharifah Misnati binti Tuan Sayed
Task Details Marks PO6/PO7/PO8

TASK 1 Project details: Basic information of these

projects.
1) Project description and site selection; 3
2) Detail location, number of units, number of
storey, built up area, type of development, 3
development components and etc.
3) Description of the site (e.g. existing building, 4
empty land, abandon building)
4) Nearest land use identification within 1 km 4
radius
5) Identification of nearest public facilities 4
available within 3km radius
6) Justify is your site is suitable and sustainable 5
with the available information you had
gathered

TASK 2 1) Identify and assessment of Tools available 5

which can help you to enhance your
recommendation to your client

TASK 3 By using any tools, the DETAIL recommendations

must include the following criteria;
1) Sustainable Site 6
2) Water Efficiency 6
3) Energy Efficiency 6
4) Material Resources 6
5) Indoor Environmental Quality 6
6) Innovative solutions 6
7) Justify your recommendation for each criteria 6

TASK 4 Discuss the possibility of problem encounter

during your recommendations with;
1) Client 3
2) Architect 3
3) Civil Engineering 3
4) M & E 3
5) Quantity Surveyor 3
6) State possible solution to the problem arise 5

TASK 5 Discuss the return of investment (ROI) for your

project. Must provide calculation to show how 6
much you can save upon applying Sustainable
Green building concept. Imaginative figures are
acceptable.

TASK 6 Conclusion 4

Total 100 /100

TOTAL 30 /30
ENGINEER IN SOCIETY (EIS) TECHNICAL
REPORT
Green Building Index (GBI) – Verte Electronics

LECTURER’S NAME: MADAM ISMA HANI BINTI ISMAIL

CLASS: PEC2218I1/I2

GROUP MEMBER:

NAME ID NO.
Fazlin Nur Hanis binti Rafien 2017428166

Yusyalia binti Abdul Halim 2018693884

Farzana Izzati binti Che Daud 2018437844

Qamarina binti Muhammad Junaiddin 2017498242

Tuan Sharifah Misnati binti Tuan Sayed 2017428218

 TABLE OF CONTENT

Content Pages

Task 1: Basic Information of Verte Electronics

i. Project Description 6
ii. Proposed Location 7-8
iii. Building Details 8-9
iv. Existing Site Details 10
v. Nearest Land Use Within 1-5km Radius 10 - 14
vi. Nearest Public Facilities Within 3km Radius 14 - 24
vii. Justification 25
viii. Recommendation 26
Task 2: Green Building Index (GBI)Tools 28 - 31

Task 3: Recommendation Using Green Building Index Tools

Part 1: Energy Efficiency (EE) 33 - 52
Part 2: Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) 53 - 62
Part 3: Sustainable Site Planning & Management (SM) 63 - 85
Part 4: Materials & Resources (MR) 86 - 90
Part 5: Water Efficiency (WE) 91 - 94
Part 6: Innovation (IN) 95 - 96
Task 4:
The Possible Problems and Solution Encountered as Stakeholder in Pursuing 98 - 103
Green Building Projects
Task 5: 105 - 108
Return of Investment (ROI) Of Project
Task 6: 110
Conclusion
References 112 - 113

Appendices 115 - 121

 LIST OF TABLE

Table 1: Building details ......................................................................................................................... 9

Table 2: Nearest Land Use within 1-5 km Radius ................................................................................ 14
Table 3: Nearest Public Facilities within 1-3 km Radius ..................................................................... 24
Table 4: Types of rating based on the points ........................................................................................ 29
Table 5: Energy Efficiency assessment criteria and point .................................................................... 29
Table 6: Indoor environmental quality assessment criteria and point ................................................. 29
Table 7: Sustainable site planning & management quality assessment criteria and point .................. 30
Table 8: Materials and resources quality assessment criteria and point ............................................. 30
Table 9: Water efficiency quality assessment criteria and point .......................................................... 31
Table 10:Innovation quality assessment criteria and point .................................................................. 31
Table 11: Heat Conduction Through Walls .......................................................................................... 33
Table 12: Wall U-Value Calculation .................................................................................................... 34
Table 13: Heat Conduction Through Windows .................................................................................... 35
Table 14: Solar Heat Gained Through Windows.................................................................................. 36
Table 15: U-Value for Heavyweight roof ............................................................................................. 39
Table 16: Product Specification of Pyroelectric infrared motion ........................................................ 42
Table 17: Energy efficiency (EE) ........................................................................................................ 105
Table 18: Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)................................................................................... 105
Table 19: Sustainable Site Planning and Management (SM) ............................................................. 106
Table 20: Material Resources (MR) ................................................................................................... 106
Table 21: Water Efficiency (WE) ........................................................................................................ 106
Table 22: Innovation (IN) ................................................................................................................... 107
Table 23: Total.................................................................................................................................... 107
Table 24: Return of Investment for first five years ............................................................................. 107

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: The proposed location for the Verte Electronics .................................................................... 7

Figure 2: The satellite view of the proposed location............................................................................. 7
Figure 3: Top view .................................................................................................................................. 8
Figure 4: The back view ......................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 5: Side view I ............................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 6: Side view II ............................................................................................................................. 9
Figure 7: Penang International Airport ............................................................................................... 10
Figure 8: Queensbay Mall Shopping Complex ..................................................................................... 11
Figure 9: Penang Golf Club ................................................................................................................. 11
Figure 10: AC Marriot Hotel Penang................................................................................................... 12
Figure 11: Penang Skills Development Centre (PSDC) ....................................................................... 12
Figure 12: SPICE Arena ....................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 13: Krystal Point Corporate Park............................................................................................. 13
Figure 14: Penang Snake Temple ......................................................................................................... 14
Figure 15: Pantai Hospital Penang ...................................................................................................... 14
Figure 16: Bayan Baru Health Clinic................................................................................................... 14
Figure 17: Mutiara Dental ................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 18: Giant Hypermarket ............................................................................................................ 15
Figure 19: Sunshine Square.................................................................................................................. 15
Figure 20: Bayan Baru Wet Market ..................................................................................................... 16
Figure 21: Maybank Bayan Baru ......................................................................................................... 16
Figure 22: Bank Muamalat Bayan Baru............................................................................................... 17
Figure 23: Public Bank Bayan Baru..................................................................................................... 17
Figure 24: Bank Rakyat Bayan Lepas .................................................................................................. 17
Figure 25: Masjid Saidina Umar al-Khattab ....................................................................................... 18
Figure 26: Masjid Jamek Sungai Tiram @ Masjid Al-Mustaghfirin .................................................... 18
Figure 27: Bayan Baru Methodist Church ........................................................................................... 18
Figure 28: Bayan Baru Police Station.................................................................................................. 19
Figure 29: Bayan lepas Police Station ................................................................................................. 19
Figure 30: Balai Bomba Dan Penyelamat Bayan Baru........................................................................ 20
Figure 31: Poslaju Bayan Lepas .......................................................................................................... 20
Figure 32: J&T Express Bayan Lepas .................................................................................................. 20
Figure 33: Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Raja Tun Uda ................................................................. 21
Figure 34:Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Permai........................................................................................ 21
Figure 35: Sekolah Kebangsaan Bayan Baru....................................................................................... 21
Figure 36: Kolej Komuniti Bayan Baru ................................................................................................ 22
Figure 37: INTI International College Penang .................................................................................... 22
Figure 38: Cosmopoint College Penang ............................................................................................. 22
Figure 39: Priority Fitness Club .......................................................................................................... 23
Figure 40: Nasi Kandar Pelita ............................................................................................................. 23
Figure 41: Kompleks Astaka Bukit Gedung .......................................................................................... 23
Figure 42: Bangkok Tomyam Restaurant ............................................................................................. 24
Figure 43: Georgetown Pharmacy Bayan Baru ................................................................................... 24
Figure 44: Pharmahome Pharmacy ..................................................................................................... 24

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Figure 45: Structure of Reinforced Concrete Wall ............................................................................... 34
Figure 46: Triple Silver Low E characteristics .................................................................................... 36
Figure 47: Solar Correction Factor, CF .............................................................................................. 37
Figure 48: Triple Silver Low E characteristics .................................................................................... 38
Figure 49: Shading coefficient for horizontal projections .................................................................... 38
Figure 50: Fluorescent lamp ................................................................................................................ 40
Figure 51: Automatic light control sensor ............................................................................................ 41
Figure 52: Pyroelectric infrared motion sensors.................................................................................. 41
Figure 53: Location of solar pathway .................................................................................................. 43
Figure 54: Solar Lights Pathway .......................................................................................................... 43
Figure 55:Smart electrical sub-meter ................................................................................................... 44
Figure 56: Solar photovoltaic ............................................................................................................... 45
Figure 57: Internet connectivity ........................................................................................................... 46
Figure 58: Building User Manual ........................................................................................................ 47
Figure 59: Energy Management System Configuration Diagram ........................................................ 48
Figure 60: Example of daily report ...................................................................................................... 49
Figure 61: Organisation structure of maintenance department ........................................................... 52
Figure 62: Passive Stake Ventilation .................................................................................................... 53
Figure 63: Fire Detector ...................................................................................................................... 54
Figure 64: Smoking Area ...................................................................................................................... 54
Figure 65: Carbon Dioxide Sensor....................................................................................................... 55
Figure 66: Indoor air quality meter ...................................................................................................... 56
Figure 67: HVAC System ...................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 68: Breakout Space ................................................................................................................... 58
Figure 69: Daylight Harvesting............................................................................................................ 59
Figure 70: Motion Sensor Light ........................................................................................................... 59
Figure 71: Light shelves ....................................................................................................................... 60
Figure 72: Occupancy Sensor .............................................................................................................. 61
Figure 73: Triple glazed windows ........................................................................................................ 62
Figure 74: The satellite view of the site location .................................................................................. 63
Figure 75: The map view of the location with developments within the range .................................... 64
Figure 76: AGRO BANK ...................................................................................................................... 64
Figure 77: MAYBANK ISLAMIC .......................................................................................................... 65
Figure 78: BANK MUAMALAT ............................................................................................................ 65
Figure 79: MASJID SAIDINA UMAR AL-KHATTAB .......................................................................... 65
Figure 80: THE CHARISMATIC CHURCH OF PENANG .................................................................. 66
Figure 81: 7-ELEVEN .......................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 82:AISHAH MINI MART .......................................................................................................... 66
Figure 83: JUARA MART ..................................................................................................................... 67
Figure 84: BAYAN BARU POLICE STATION ..................................................................................... 67
Figure 85: BAYAN BARU HEALTH CLINIC ....................................................................................... 67
Figure 86: PANTAI HOSPITAL PENANG ........................................................................................... 68
Figure 87: GEDUNG PHARMACY ...................................................................................................... 68
Figure 88: GUARDIAN HEALTH & BEAUTY..................................................................................... 68
Figure 89: PELITA NASI KANDAR ..................................................................................................... 69
Figure 90: JALAN TENGAH HAWKER CENTRE........................................................................................ 69
Figure 91: MCDONALD’S BAYAN BARU ........................................................................................... 69
Figure 92: NASI KANDAR AYAM BAWANG ....................................................................................... 70

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Figure 93: SERI PERMAI PRIMARY SCHOOL................................................................................... 70
Figure 94: RAJA TUN UDA SECONDARY .......................................................................................... 70
Figure 95: GIANT HYPERMARKET .................................................................................................... 71
Figure 96: SWAN LEE HARDWARE.................................................................................................... 71
Figure 97: CHHOI MARKETING HARDWARE .................................................................................. 71
Figure 98: FU WAH HWARDWARE & ELECTRICAL TRADING ...................................................... 72
Figure 99: PRIORITY FITNESS CENTRE ........................................................................................... 72
Figure 100: AQUA LAUNDRY ............................................................................................................. 72
Figure 101: BUSY BUBBLES LAUNDROMAT.................................................................................... 73
Figure 102: Plants used for the landscaping area around the factory.................................................. 74
Figure 103: Juniperus Chinensis .......................................................................................................... 74
Figure 104: Terminalia Catappa .......................................................................................................... 74
Figure 105: Structure parts that has been casted in factory ................................................................ 75
Figure 106: Structure parts assembled at the project site .................................................................... 75
Figure 107: The QLASSIC Assessment Process/ Flow ......................................................................... 76
Figure 108: The cabin provided for workers ........................................................................................ 77
Figure 109: Portable toilet provided for workers’ use ......................................................................... 77
Figure 110: The 3R’s recycle bins provided ......................................................................................... 78
Figure 111: The personal protective equipment (PPE) ........................................................................ 78
Figure 112: Bus stop located within 500 m range ................................................................................ 79
Figure 113: The e-hailing signage for the pick-up ............................................................................... 79
Figure 114: The green vehicle parking priority ................................................................................... 80
Figure 115 : The reserved parking capacity for the green vehicles such as the bicycle............... 80
Figure 116: The side view of the parking ............................................................................................. 81
Figure 117: The distance between the site location and the Penang International Airport ................. 82
Figure 118: The open grid pavement system installed ......................................................................... 83
Figure 119: The side view of the trees planted around the factory ...................................................... 83
Figure 120: The cow grass and the solar panel installed at the upper roof part of the factory ........... 84
Figure 121: Building User Manual ...................................................................................................... 85
Figure 122: Cool roofs coating painting .............................................................................................. 86
Figure 123: Recycle asphalt ................................................................................................................. 86
Figure 124: Recycled steels .................................................................................................................. 87
Figure 125: Recycle bins for non-hazardous items .............................................................................. 89
Figure 126: On-site waste storage........................................................................................................ 89
Figure 127: R-142b refrigerants........................................................................................................... 90
Figure 128: Rainwater Harvesting Systems ......................................................................................... 91
Figure 129: Grey Wastewater Systems ................................................................................................. 92
Figure 130: Automatic Touchless Sensor Bathroom Sink ................................................................... 93
Figure 131: Dual flush toilet ................................................................................................................ 93
Figure 132: Greywater diverter ............................................................................................................ 94
Figure 133: Smart water sub-meter ...................................................................................................... 94
Figure 134: Solar Hybrid Air Conditioner ........................................................................................... 95
Figure 135: Photocatalyst architectural facade coating ...................................................................... 95
Figure 136: Electrochromic glazing (EC) ............................................................................................ 96

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 TASK 1
Basic Information of Verte
Electronics

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1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Verte Electronics is an industrial factory constructed within the Bayan Lepas Free Industrial
Zone (FIZ). It is located in between Bayan Baru and Bayan Lepas city which consists of ample
of land use development and facilities available. The strategic site location benefits all the staffs
and workers especially as there are various public facilities that are easily accessed within range
such as restaurants, shopping complex, pharmacy etc. Besides, the factory itself provide few
amenities that could ease the workers such as the cafeteria, mini mart, and the locker room.
The construction of the factory provides the job opportunities and at the same time contribute
to the financial growth of the country.

The construction of the Verte Electronics factory included the application of the
Industrialised Building System (IBS) which means most of the structure parts of the factory
such as the partition wall, beam and slab was constructed at the factory and then transported to
the site to be assembled. The application of IBS in the construction of the factory provide huge
benefits such as speed up the construction time, improve the quality control and quality
assurance of the site location and also reduce the waste materials and also the construction
waste.

Moreover, the Green Building system was applied to the construction of the Verte
Electronics by referring to the Green Building Index (GBI) toolbox. The application of the
Green Building system contributes to the sustainable development. The green building system
application includes few key factors such as the energy efficiency, the indoor environmental
quality, the sustainable site planning and management, the material and resources, water
efficiency and the innovation factor.

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1.2 PROPOSED LOCATION

Figure 1: The proposed location for the Verte Electronics

Figure 2: The satellite view of the proposed location

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 The proposed location for the construction of the Verte Electronics factory is at the
Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone (FIZ). The location is suitable and convenient as it is
located between the centre of Bayan Baru and Bayan Lepas city. There are many amenities
that can be easily accessed within the area of the factory. For instance, the are ample
amounts of restaurants and malls that are located near the factory area. Besides, there are
many public facilities that can be reach easily such as the hospitals, mosque, police station,
post office, bank etc. Thus, it is believed that the proposed location is suitable for the
construction of the factory.

1.3 BUILDING DETAILS

The Verte Electronics is an industrial factory that built up of 58000 sq. ft area. It consists
of three floors which are the ground floor, first floor and the second floor. The area of the
factory includes the parking spots for the vehicles and the reserved spots for the green
vehicles. The factory is fully equipped facilities such as the machinery, elevators, toilet,
cafeteria, meeting room etc.

Figure 3: Top view

Figure 4: The back view

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 Figure 5: Side view I

Figure 6: Side view II

Name Verte Electronics

Type of development Industrial factory
Built up area 58000 sq. ft
Number of floors 3
General description The Verte Electronics is an industrial factory which consists of the ground floor, first floor
and the second floor. The ground floor of the factory is mainly for the manufacturing
works where all the machines and appliances are installed whereas the first and the second
floor are for the management works space such as the office and the meeting room.
Facilities provided • Machinery, elevator, locker room & toilet (Ground floor)
• General office, cafeteria, mini mart, toilet & elevator (First floor)
• General office, meeting room, library, prayer room, toilet & elevator (Second
floor)
• Solar panel (Upper roof)
Table 1: Building details

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1.4 EXISTING SITE DETAILS

Previously, before the construction of the Verte Electronics factory, the land was
originally constructed for an industrial company named Escatec Electronics Sdn. Bhd. The
factory is located in the Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone (FIZ) which is a high-tech
manufacturing area in Bayan Lepas, near the southeastern tip of the Penang Island. It is
within 1km of a residential zone and accessible to the major freeway entrance/ exit within
the 5 km range.
There are also various of amenities that are accessible within the factory range. For
instance, there are ample of restaurants and banks selection within the 3 km range area.
Thus, this will ease the workers and the staffs of the factory. Besides, there are also public
facilities such as the hospital, police station and fire station within the factory area which
will facilitate the workers especially during emergency times. Thus, the location is believed
to be suitable for the construction of the factory based on the inventory lists.

1.5 NEAREST LAND USE WITHIN 1-5 KM RADIUS

Name Photos Description

PENANG • Located 4.5
INTERNATIONA km from the
L AIRPORT site location.
• The airport is
located
near Bayan
Lepas at the
south eastern
Figure 7: Penang International Airport tip of Penang
Island, 16 km
(9.9 mi) south
of the city
centre.

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QUEENSBAY • Located 4.5
MALL km from the
site location
• One of the
largest
shopping
centres in
Penang.
• The five-
Figure 8: Queensbay Mall Shopping storey
Complex
Queensbay
Mall has 10
anchor
tenants,
including
Jusco, Borders
and Harvey
Norman, plus
over 500
stores with
brands.

PENANG GOLF • Located 4.7

RESORT km from the
site location

Figure 9: Penang Golf Club

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AC MARIOTT • Located 3.0
HOTEL PENANG km from site
location.
• A 4-star rated
hotel located
in the centre
Bukit Jambul.
• 7 km from The
Snake Temple
and 6 km from
Penang
International
Airport.
Figure 10: AC Marriot Hotel Penang

PENANG SKILLS • Located 120 m

DEVELOPMENT from the site
CENTRE (PSDC) location.
• Provide
training in the
development
of skilled and
talented
workforce in
Figure 11: Penang Skills Development
the areas of
Centre (PSDC)
Design and
Development,
Manufacturing
, and Services
in a rapidly
changing
technology
and business
environment.

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SPICE ARENA • Located 2.3
km from the
site location
• Serves as
Penang’s main
indoor sports
centre as well
as the
Figure 12: SPICE Arena preferred
venue within
the city-state
for meeting,
conferences,
and
exhibitions.
KRYSTAL POINT • Located 2.6
CORPORATE km from the
PARK site location
• A commercial
building
which consists
of business
office,
restaurants
and any other
Figure 13: Krystal Point Corporate Park
stores in one
building.

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 SNAKE TEMPLE • Located 3.8
km from the
site location
• One of the
tourists’
attraction
spots in
Penang.

Figure 14: Penang Snake Temple

Table 2: Nearest Land Use within 1-5 km Radius

1.6 NEAREST PUBLIC FACILITIES WITHIN 1-3 KM RADIUS

Facility Photos
MEDICAL/
DENTAL

Figure 15: Pantai Hospital Penang

Figure 16: Bayan Baru Health Clinic

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 Figure 17: Mutiara Dental

HYPER
MARKET/
GROCERY
STORE

Figure 18: Giant Hypermarket

Figure 19: Sunshine Square

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 Figure 20: Bayan Baru Wet Market

BANK

Figure 21: Maybank Bayan Baru

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Figure 22: Bank Muamalat Bayan Baru

Figure 23: Public Bank Bayan Baru

Figure 24: Bank Rakyat Bayan Lepas

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PLACE OF
WORSHIP

Figure 25: Masjid Saidina Umar al-Khattab

Figure 26: Masjid Jamek Sungai Tiram @ Masjid Al-

Mustaghfirin

Figure 27: Bayan Baru Methodist Church

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POLICE
STATION

Figure 28: Bayan Baru Police Station

Figure 29: Bayan lepas Police Station

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FIRE STATION

Figure 30: Balai Bomba Dan Penyelamat Bayan Baru

COURIER
SERVICE

Figure 31: Poslaju Bayan Lepas

Figure 32: J&T Express Bayan Lepas

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EDUCATION

Figure 33: Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Raja Tun Uda

Figure 34:Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Permai

Figure 35: Sekolah Kebangsaan Bayan Baru

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 Figure 36: Kolej Komuniti Bayan Baru

Figure 37: INTI International College Penang

Figure 38: Cosmopoint College Penang

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 FITNESS
CENTRE

Figure 39: Priority Fitness Club

RESTAURANT

Figure 40: Nasi Kandar Pelita

Figure 41: Kompleks Astaka Bukit Gedung

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 Figure 42: Bangkok Tomyam Restaurant

PHARMACY

Figure 43: Georgetown Pharmacy Bayan Baru

Figure 44: Pharmahome Pharmacy

Table 3: Nearest Public Facilities within 1-3 km Radius

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1.7 JUSTIFICATION OF SITE SUITABILITY

Verte Electronics is made as a green factory because it has a lot of impact on the
environment. There are buildings that already contribute to the pollution and greenhouse gas
emissions within the radius of the factory. As for the location, it is considered as a suitable
and strategic location that can benefits all the staffs and workers since there are various public
facilities in the area. For example, clinic, hospital, pharmacy, Giant Hypermarket and there
are also public transport that eventually pass by the area.

The green building not only can reduce negative impacts on the environment, but they
can give positive impacts on the environment by generating their own energy or increasing
biodiversity. Furthermore, the construction of the factory does offers job opportunities while
contributing to the financial growth of the country.

Next, the use of IBS for the factory construction offers tremendous benefits including
speeding up construction times, enhancing quality control, reducing waste materials and so
on. The green building at the location also provides many advantages that other conventional
buildings cannot provide. These advantages include energy and water savings, reduced waste,
high quality of indoor environmental, higher productivity of employees and so on.

In addition, the site location have been as necessary as how it is constructed. It will help
to decide how the green factory will contribute to a more sustainable environment through
its relation with local facilities, waterbodies and community. As the workers can use public
transportation, ride bicycles or walk to the factory, it is considered as an influencing factor
that reduces the carbon emissions related with transportation.

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1.8 RECOMMENDATION OF CONCEPTUAL DESIGN AND ENHANCEMENT WORKS

Conceptual design is the initial phase of the design process, in which the outline of the
building and the desired design is connected. This is an important phase in determining whether
the design of a building has characteristics of a sustainable development or not. Sustainability
consist of three pillars concept which are economic, environmental and social. As for
economic, the material itself must be from renewable or recycled materials that are non-toxic
for the environment.
Designers must include the use of concrete that includes ground up recycled plastics and
trash in the design. It is to reduce weight and provide new applications to prevent plastic waste
other than reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Other than plastic, straw bales, grasscrete,
bamboo, and wood can make a good quality of sustainable building.
Next, it is also important for the individuals involved in the construction of green buildings
to have a basic knowledge of the green building projects. As for foreign workers, they may not
know and being exposed to green building, so it is an important task of the leader in site to
ensure that they know the purpose or at least have basic knowledge regarding green buildings.
Lastly, green architecture also participated in the characteristics of sustainable buildings.
There are few things to consider to increase points of Green Building Index, which are increase
the number of green space, water efficient fixtures, water treatment, crop rotation and so forth.

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 TASK 2

Green Building Index (GBI) Tools

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The Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone is a high-tech manufacturing area in Bayan Lepas,
near the south eastern tip of Penang Island in Penang, Malaysia. Created in 1972, the area is
Malaysia's first free-trade zone and was instrumental in alleviating an economic crisis in
Penang. The zone is now home to various multinational firms,
including Bosch, Motorola, Dell, Intel and Hewlett-Packard, and has been regarded as
the Silicon Valley of the East.

The 1,400-acre (5.7 km2) Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone was the brainchild of Lim Chong
Eu, who served as the Chief Minister of Penang between 1969 and 1990, as a measure to
alleviate Penang's economic downturn at the time. George Town, Penang's capital city, had its
free port status revoked by the Malaysian federal government in 1969, leading to massive
unemployment which peaked at 16.4%. Lim identified the electronics sector as having the best
potential to absorb the state's excess semi-skilled workforce.

The Verte Electronics is consisted of three floors and it covers the land area up to 58000 sq. ft.
It will be built in Bayan Lepas by using vertical city concept that use renewable energies for
producing the minimum waste. By referring to the Green Building Index (GBI) elements, we
can create factories that consume less energy by using renewable energies. This factory's
concept aimed to build sustainable, beautiful, eco-friendly, and trendy.

According to Green Building Index (GBI), buildings are rated on six different criteria. The
criteria are Energy Efficiency (EE), Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ), Sustainable Site
Planning and Management (SM), Material & Resources (MR), Water Efficiency (WE) and
also Innovation (IN). All criteria have its own tools in order to reach the optimum value of the
criteria. The Verte Electronics manage to get Silver for the GBI rating. This is because the
total points obtained from the GBI tools is 70 which is in between of 66 to 75 point.

Green Building Index (GBI) Tools Score

Energy Efficiency (EE) 18
Environmental Quality (EQ) 13
Sustainable Site Planning & Management 15
(SM)
Material & Resources (MR) 9
Water Efficiency (WE) 8
Innovation (IN) 7
Total Score 70

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 POINTS GBI RATING
86 to 100 Platinum
76 to 85 Gold
66 to 75 Silver
50 to 65 Certified
Table 4: Types of rating based on the points

GREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI) TOOLS

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY (EE)

Table 5: Energy Efficiency assessment criteria and point

2. INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (EQ)

Table 6: Indoor environmental quality assessment criteria and point

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3. SUSTAINABLE SITE PLANNING & MANAGEMENT (SM)

Table 7: Sustainable site planning & management quality assessment criteria and point

4. MATERIAL & RESOURCES (MR)

Table 8: Materials and resources quality assessment criteria and point

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5. WATER EFFICIENCY (WE)

Table 9: Water efficiency quality assessment criteria and point

6. INNOVATION (IN)

Table 10:Innovation quality assessment criteria and point

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 TASK 3

Recommendation Using Green

Building Index (GBI) Tools

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 CRITERIA AND POINT OF GBI TOOLS

ITEM ASSESSMENT CITERIA SCORE

PART 1: ENERGY EFFICIENCY

EE 1 Minimum EE Performance 1

➢ OTTV (29.334 < 50 W/m2)

1. HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH WALLS

= 15α (1-WWR) Uw

Wall Wall Window Constant Solar Window 1- Wall U- OTTV

Location Area Area Absorption to Wall WWR Value,
(m2) (m2) Factor, α Ratio, Uw
y x WWR (W/m2K)
x
y
North 915.033 132.624 15 0.25 0.14 0.86 0.137 404.284
South 83.349 716.232 15 0.25 8.59 -7.59 0.137 -
325.008
East 621.708 540.786 15 0.25 0.87 0.13 0.137 41.522
West 625.566 563.529 15 0.88 0.90 0.10 0.137 113.127

ƩArea 2245.656 1953.171 Ʃ Heat Conduction Through Walls 233.925

Table 11: Heat Conduction Through Walls

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 WALL U-VALUE
NO. DESCRIPTION MATERIAL THERMAL THERMAL
THICKNESS CONDUCTIVITY RESISTANCE
(m) (W/mK) (m2K/W)
REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL
1 External surface - - 0.040
2 AWP 140mm thick 0.140 0.02 7.150
3 Internal surface - - 0.130
TOTAL R 7.320
U-Value = 1/R = 1 / 7.320
= 0.137 W/m2K
SKETCH

Figure 45: Structure of Reinforced Concrete Wall

Table 12: Wall U-Value Calculation

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 2. HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH WINDOWS
= 6(WWR)Uf

Wall Wall Area Window Constant Window to Glass U- OTTV

Location (m2) Area (m2) Wall Ratio, Value, Uf
y x WWR (W/m2K)
x
y
North 915.033 132.624 6 0.14 1.5 1152.942
South 83.349 716.232 6 8.59 1.5 6443.711
East 621.708 540.786 6 0.87 1.5 4867.974
West 625.566 563.529 6 0.90 1.5 5067.085

ƩArea 2245.656 1953.171 Ʃ Heat Conduction Through 17531.712

Windows
Table 13: Heat Conduction Through Windows

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U-Value for Triple Silver Low E= 1.5 W/m2K (based on Singapore safety Glass PTE. LTD.)

Figure 46: Triple Silver Low E characteristics

3. SOLAR HEAT GAINED THROUGH WINDOWS

= (194xCFxWWRxSC)

Wall Wall Window Window Solar Glass Device Shading OTTV

Location Area Area to Wall Correction Shading Shading Coefficient,
(m2) (m2) Ratio, Factor, Coefficient. Coefficient, SC
y x WWR CF SC1 SC2 SC1xSC2

x
y
North 915.033 132.624 0.14 0.90 0.18 0.71 0.1278 2858.511

South 83.349 716.232 8.59 0.92 0.18 0.71 0.1278 16331.045

East 621.708 540.786 0.87 1.23 0.18 0.68 0.1224 15797.704

West 625.566 563.529 0.18 0.71 0.1278 13121.276

0.90 0.94

ƩArea 2245.656 1953.171 Ʃ Solar Heat Gained Through Windows 48108.536

Table 14: Solar Heat Gained Through Windows

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Horizontal shading devices
x 2
R1 = =
y 4
= 0.5

Solar Correction Factor, CF referred to Solar Orientation Factors (OF) as in MS1525:2014;

Figure 47: Solar Correction Factor, CF

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Shading Coefficient (SC1) for Triple Silver Low E= 0.18 (based on Singapore safety Glass PTE.
LTD.)

Figure 48: Triple Silver Low E characteristics

Device Shading Coefficient, SC2 referred to Sun Shading Design in MS1525:2004

Figure 49: Shading coefficient for horizontal projections

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 15a (1 - WWR) Uw + 6(WWR)Uf + 194xCFxWWRxSC
OTTV=
Wall Area
233.925 + 17531.712 + 48108.536
=
2245.656
= 29.334 < 50 W/m2

U-Value for Heavyweight roof

NO DESCRIPTION THERMAL THERMAL

CONDUCTIVITY, RESISTANCE,
k (W/mK) R (m2K/W)
1 External surface - 0.040
2 Cement Screed, 50mm thk. 0.41 0.122
3 Waterproof membrane 0.23 0.004
4 Mineral wool, 100mm thk. 0.04 2.000
5 RC Slab, 175mm thk. 2.30 0.065
6 Internal surface - 0.130
Total R value 2.361
U-Value = 1/R = 1 / 2.361
= 0.424 W/m2K < 0.500 W/m2K
Table 15: U-Value for Heavyweight roof

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EE 2 Lighting Zone 4

1. Use fluorescent lamp

▪ A fluorescent lamp is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses
fluorescence to produce visible light.
▪ An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, which produces short-wave
ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp to glow.
▪ Can produce 50 to 100 lumens per watt
▪ Advantages of using fluorescent lamp as below:
 More energy efficient than incandescent lamps
 Longer operational lifespan
 Better light diffusions and distribution
 Less heat emission

Product Specification:
Power = 215 Watt
Rated avg. life (12h start) = 12,000 hours
Design lumen = 10,700 Lm
Colour Rendering Index (CRI) = 59 Ra

Figure 50: Fluorescent lamp

2. Automatic Light Control Sensor

▪ Automatic lighting controls offer an inexpensive, effective way to
minimize lighting costs, by turning unneeded lights off, or in some cases,
dimming lights.
▪ Advantages using automatic light control sensor as below:
 Energy Efficiency
 Flexible Installation & Integration
 Low Maintenance
 Portable Control

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 Figure 51: Automatic light control sensor

3. Pyroelectric infrared motion sensors

▪ The PIR sensor is designed to detect the infrared radiation emitted naturally from the
human body. The receiver is contained in a filter that only allows infrared to pass through
it.
▪ When a person walks into the PIR sensor’s field of detection, the difference in radiation
creates a positive charge within the receiver; this perceived change causes the sensing unit
to send electrical data to the embedded computer and hardware component.
▪ Advantages of using motion sensor as below:
 More Convenience
 Energy Savings
 Cost Saving

Figure 52: Pyroelectric infrared motion sensors

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Product Specification

Specified detection distance (Note 1) up to 12m - 14.5m

Typical ceiling installation height 12m
(Note 2)
Field of view 69° x 69°
Detection zones 128
Note 1: › ∆T ≥ 4°C › Object speed: Note 2: The sensitivity of
1m/s › Object size: 700 x 250mm › passive infrared sensors is
Crossing 2 detection zones influenced by environmental
conditions, so a performance
evaluation test under
representative conditions is
recommended
Table 16: Product Specification of Pyroelectric infrared motion

4. Solar Lights Pathway

▪ Eco-friendly, solar powered 360° illumination
▪ Auto-on/off switch sensing saves more energy
▪ Easy to install within only three components (Simply connect the Solar Lid, Mounting
Rod, Ground Spike to complete the installation and get started)
▪ Waterproof and dustproof, strong and sturdy material (made of Stainless Steel and
Plexiglas to ensure durability and are not easily damaged).
▪ Brightly adjustable warm white led filament (There is a knob-type brightness adjustment
on the switch panel, and the brightness can be adjusted to a range of 10-40 lumens).

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 Figure 53: Solar Lights Pathway

Figure 54: Location of solar pathway

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EE 3 Electrical Sub-Metering
1

▪ A smart meter is an electronic device that records consumption of electricity, gas or water
and communicates that information for monitoring and billing. Smart meters send meter
readings to the utility company automatically.
▪ Benefits of smart submeters:
 It provides a detailed analysis of energy consumption patterns.
 Save time and cost
 Predict the downtime and alert the customers and utility providers
 Accurate billing and real-time data monitoring.
 Individual tracking of equipment allows better performance
 It makes building eco-friendly.
 Effective ROI

Figure 55:Smart electrical sub-meter

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EE 4 Renewable Energy & Onsite Energy Capture/Recovery 2

Solar photovoltaic system

1. Photovoltaic systems do not release any harmful air or water pollution into the environment,
deplete natural resources, or endanger animal or human health.
2. Solar panels convert the sunlight’s rays into electricity by stimulating electrons in silicon cells
using photons in the sunlight then will be used as renewable energy to supply electricity.

Figure 56: Solar photovoltaic

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EE 5 Advanced or Improved EE Performance - BEI and/or EUI 1

Internet connectivity
1. Fast internet will support several individuals working online at the same time.
2. One of the function using internet connectivity is to control the heating and cooling in our
factories, the Nest thermostat can connect to the Internet. When devices have been connected
to the Internet, they can be controlled remotely with the help of our smartphone or computer.

Figure 57: Internet connectivity

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EE 6 Enhanced Commissioning
4

Building User Manual (BUM)

1) The Building User Manual is the most critical component of the consultant's construction
process to ensure that the building is run effectively, without any breakdowns due to
technological issues that might occur during the occupancy period.
2) The reasons for having the Building User Manual are the following:
➢ To achieve sustainable asset management
➢ To ensure the comprehensive and strategic use of facilities and asset management for
the organization
➢ To enhance the procedures for sustainable maintenance of the building
➢ To enhance the process of handing over management
3) Properly reading and understanding the instruction manual, saves a lot of time of the engineers
as well as the clients.

Figure 58: Building User Manual

EE 7
On- going Post Occupancy Commissioning

➢ Design engineer review all fit-out plans/plant modifications to ensure original design intent is 2

not compromised and upon completion of the fit-out/plant modification works, verify and
fine-tune the installations to suit.
➢ Within 12 months of practical completion the Civil and Structural engineer carry out a full
post/re-commissioning of the energy related systems to verify that their performance is
sustained in conjunction with the completed fit-outs/modifications.

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EE 8 EE Verification 2

Energy Management Systems (EMS)

The Factory EMS system provides the optimization of energy supply and consumption to reduce
CO2 emission and factory operation costs.

System Configuration (Basic)

❖ Operator Station (OPS)
This equipment is used for monitoring and operation. This carries out monitoring and operation
by displaying graphics and trends, showing alarms, and so on.

❖ Accessory Station (ACS)

This equipment is used for data collection. Manufacturing data collected from on-site
manufacturing equipment is managed, and the data is output into forms.

❖ Engineering & Maintenance Station (EMS)

This equipment is used for maintenance. Maintenance tasks such as the creation and modification
of logic and graphics screens, as well as system setup are performed

Figure 59: Energy Management System Configuration Diagram

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Features of Energy Management System

1. Monitoring and Operational Features

➢ Water Consumption Monitoring

To prevent water leakage and over consumption of water so that smart water sub-meter will
be link to EMS for monitoring it.

➢ Electric Power Demand Monitoring

To prevent power consumption from exceeding contracted power, power consumption is

measured according to a set cycle, producing an alarm when power consumption is
predicted to exceed contracted power.

➢ Alarm Display

When an equipment malfunction occurs, a real-time alarm is displayed on the monitoring

screen, supporting early discovery of abnormalities. A per-device history of alarm triggering
and restoration can also be displayed.

2. Management Support Features

➢ Form Feature
With daily, weekly, monthly and annual reports, forms are managed in the format best suited
to the customer.

Figure 60: Example of daily report

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➢ Production Planning Control

By setting variables such as product model, quantity and work type on a daily, weekly or
monthly basis, systematic plant operation can be achieved.

➢ Energy Consumption Rate Control

By applying logical computations to the signals collected from PLCs produced by other
companies, specific energy consumption can be managed through graphics and trend
displays.

➢ Maintenance Records Display

On the maintenance screen of the engineering tool, device information, maintenance details
and operating times for each device entered into the system is displayed on a per-device
basis. In addition, when the designated maintenance cycle time for each device has elapsed,
a warning can also be generated.

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EE 9 Sustainable Maintenance 2

Maintenance team is a specific number of people employed to work together as a team each with
the job description, job person specification, role, responsibilities and duties specific to a maintenance
team member according to their employment contract and provide a variety of forms of maintenance.
The factory will provide for a designated facility maintenance office that is fully equipped with
facilities (including tools and instrumentation) and inventory storage.
The typical goals and objectives for a maintenance organization are:

• Maintain the capability of the company's assets to perform their designed function
thereby increasing shareholder value by maximizing the company's return on
assets.

• Maximizing production or operational throughput

• Identify and implement cost reductions

• Provide accurate equipment maintenance records

• Collect necessary maintenance cost information

• Optimize maintenance resources

• Optimize capital equipment life

• Minimize energy usage

• Responsibility for Environmental, Safety, and Health compliance.

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Figure 61: Organisation structure of maintenance department

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PART 2: INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (EQ)

EQ 1 Minimum IAQ Performance 1

1. Passive Stake Ventilation (PSV)

➢ A passive stake ventilator is a vertical or nearly vertical ventilation shaft where moist air
is naturally drawn and expelled by a vent over the roofline.
➢ The vent should be near the ridge to reduce the effect of wind gusts. Differences in
temperature lead to natural, continuous air movement.
➢ PSV systems work by a combination of the natural stack effect for example the
movement of air that results from the difference in temperature between indoors and the
outside, and the effect of wind passing over the roof of the dwelling.
➢ Using stack effect, hot air rise and extracted then replacing it with fresh clean air.

Figure 62: Passive Stake Ventilation

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EQ 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control 1

1. Fire detector
➢ Respond to hazardous smoke and can prevent from being trapped by fire or smoke
➢ Sense one or more products that are fire-related phenomena for example smoke, heat,
infrared or ultraviolet light radiation or gas.
➢ It is a device that alerts people in the area to the threat of fire and it is usually an automated
appliance.

Figure 63: Fire Detector

2. Smoking Area
➢ A space that is specially designed and equipped for smoking and is normally forbidden to
fume in manufacturing area or buildings.
➢ For manufacturing area, the smoking area will be located at few meters away from the
factory. It is because it can protect all workers from exposure to passive smoke and can
avoid the smoke to trigger the machines in the manufacturing area.

Figure 64: Smoking Area

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EQ 3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring and Control 1

1. Carbon Dioxide sensor

➢ Carbon Dioxide sensor is a measuring instrument to measure carbon dioxide gas. The
general concepts for the sensors are infrared gas sensors and chemical gas sensors.
➢ The main components are consisted of infrared source, a light tube, an interference filter and
an infrared sensor. The gas is pumped in the light tube and measured by the electronics the
absorption of the luminous wavelength.
➢ If the concentration of carbon dioxide in cold rooms is too high, the sensor can help to
minimize the possibilities of workers have asphyxiation in cold rooms.
➢ This instrument has become a requirement for safety and health at the workplace to monitor
the gases.

Figure 65: Carbon Dioxide Sensor

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EQ 4 Indoor Air Pollutant and Industrial Chemical Exposure 3

1. Indoor air quality meter

➢ Indoor air quality meter is a sensor for mould prevention, monitoring carbon dioxide gas
levels and to detect gas leaks in a confine spaces.
➢ The equipment is important for health and safety, whether it is portable or fixed, handheld
or wall mounted.
➢ It is also used to monitor indoor air quality to help measure occupant thermal comfort,
assure a healthy indoor environment.
➢ Typically, the sensors are located in the common areas of a factory or building but not
directly located next to induction units, heaters or direct sunlight. It should be installed
where people primarily remain seated in the certain area.

Figure 66: Indoor air quality meter

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EQ 6 Thermal Comfort: Design and Controllability of Systems 2

1. HVAC System
➢ HVAC system is a heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system describes what the name
stands for.
➢ The system is called HVAC system because it performs any one or more of the tasks.
➢ The coolant compressor increases the pressure and temperature of the coolant. Hot, external
air is blown to liquefy the condenser over the refrigerant steam. The expansion valve
transforms the refrigerant into a liquid with low pressure and cools it.
➢ HVAC also provide heating, ventilation and automated air conditioning for environmental
comfort

Figure 67: HVAC System

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EQ 8 Breakout Spaces 1

1. Break out Area

➢ Break out area is a space for staff or visitors that is separated from the usual working areas.
The space can be a place to relax, lunch and even do informal meetings for employees.
➢ It is mainly intended to provide people with some time away from their screens or the stress
of daily work.
➢ Employees can also use it to do a quick meeting with fellow employees or informal
meetings with clients in the area.
➢ The area does not need to take up much space thus it should be a decent space that is able to
give staffs or visitors sit in the break-out zone to relax.

Figure 68: Breakout Space

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EQ 9 Daylighting 2

1. Daylight Harvesting
➢ It is a control system in building control industry that reduces electricity usage in building
interiors in the daylight.
➢ Daylight harvesting occurs when buildings are built to maximize natural light to reduce
energy costs and improve wellness.
➢ The system enables the light to dim or switch off when sufficient ambient light is present.

Figure 69: Daylight Harvesting

2. Motion Sensor Light

➢ When motion is detected, a motion sensor light triggers a reaction.
➢ It can be installed indoors on walls, ceilings, on the outside, or on the exterior of buildings.
➢ It uses a sensor to detect nearby movements.
➢ It can also acts as an essential element of safety, automatic brightness control, energy
efficiency and other useful systems.

Figure 70: Motion Sensor Light

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3. Light shelves
➢ Light shelves is a passive architectural device used to reflect a building’s natural daylight.
➢ It distributes uniformly and deeply within a room, bouncing sunlight off a horizontal surface
and direct sunlight can cause glare near an opening, whilst leaving dark areas further in.
➢ Commonly made from timber, glass, metal panels and so on. The choice of material can be
calculated by consideration of the design, structural strength, ease of maintenance, costs,
longevity and so on.
➢ Reduces the need for artificial lighting and reduce energy consumptions.

Figure 71: Light shelves

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EQ11 Electric Lighting Levels 1

1. Occupancy Sensor
➢ Occupancy sensor is a device that automatically switch the lights on or dim and thereby
saving energy if a space is unoccupied.
➢ The system can detect the change in waves and sends electrical signal to turn the light on if
people are present in the space.
➢ It also detects the absence of people or subtle actions and keep the lights on if there are any
presence.
➢ The most common type is infrared sensor.

Figure 72: Occupancy Sensor

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EQ14 Internal Noise Level 1

1. Triple glazed windows

➢ Triple glass is a window of three panels separated with argon gas. This is to ensure that there
is an additional layer of glass for double-glazed insulation in the space.
➢ This extra layer makes it harder for heat to escape to keep the temperature indoor easily.
➢ Argon gas can increase thermal efficiency in the space between glass panels by stopping the
exhaust thermal flow and reduce energy waste.
➢ It is also used for noise reduction and increase efficiency that leads to lower energy
consumption thus educe sound transmission and resistance to condensation.

Figure 73: Triple glazed windows

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PART 3: SUSTAINABILITY SITE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT (SM)

SM 1 Site Selection 1

The Verte Electronics factory does not develop at any of these following sites:
• Prime farmland as defined by the Structure Plan of the area or the National Physical Plan.
• Forest reserve or State Environmental Protection Zones that is specifically identified as
habitat for any species found on the endangered lists.
• Within 30m of any wetlands as defined by the Structure Plan of the area OR within
setback distances from wetlands prescribed in state or local regulations, as defined by
local or state rule or law, whichever is more stringent.
• Previously undeveloped land that is within 30m of Mean High Water Spring (MHWS)
sea level which supports or could support wildlife or recreational use, or statutory
requirements whichever is the more stringent.
• Previously undeveloped land that is within 20m of lake, river, stream and tributary which
support or could support wildlife or recreational use.
• Land which prior to acquisition for the project was public parkland, unless land of equal
or greater value as parkland is provided.

Figure 74: The satellite view of the site location

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SM 3 Development Density and Community Connectivity 2

• The building will be constructed on a previously developed site (an industrial factory) &
located in the Free Industrial Zone (FIZ).
• Located within 1km of the residential zone and the pedestrian access.

Figure 75: The map view of the location with developments within the range

• Ample of basic amenities within the factory range. The basic services are as follows:

i. Bank

Figure 76: AGRO BANK

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 Figure 77: MAYBANK ISLAMIC

Figure 78: BANK MUAMALAT

ii. Place of Worship

Figure 79: MASJID SAIDINA UMAR AL-KHATTAB

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 Figure 80: THE CHARISMATIC CHURCH OF PENANG

iii. Convenience/ Grocery

Figure 81: 7-ELEVEN

Figure 82:AISHAH MINI MART

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 Figure 83: JUARA MART

iv. Police Station

Figure 84: BAYAN BARU POLICE STATION

v. Medical

Figure 85: BAYAN BARU HEALTH CLINIC

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 Figure 86: PANTAI HOSPITAL PENANG

vi. Pharmacy

Figure 87: GEDUNG PHARMACY

Figure 88: GUARDIAN HEALTH & BEAUTY

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vii. Restaurants

Figure 89: PELITA NASI KANDAR

Figure 90: JALAN TENGAH HAWKER CENTRE

Figure 91: MCDONALD’S BAYAN BARU

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 Figure 92: NASI KANDAR AYAM BAWANG

vii. School

Figure 93: SERI PERMAI PRIMARY SCHOOL

Figure 94: RAJA TUN UDA SECONDARY

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viii. Supermarket

Figure 95: GIANT HYPERMARKET

ix. Hardware

Figure 96: SWAN LEE HARDWARE

Figure 97: CHHOI MARKETING HARDWARE

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 Figure 98: FU WAH HWARDWARE & ELECTRICAL TRADING

x. Fitness Centre

Figure 99: PRIORITY FITNESS CENTRE

xi. Laundry

Figure 100: AQUA LAUNDRY

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Figure 101: BUSY BUBBLES LAUNDROMAT

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SM 4 Environment Management 2

• The roof garden system will be applied using suitable plants.

• For instance, Juniperus Chinensis and Terminalia Catappa trees are used as they could
helps in absorbing the carbon emitted by the factory and also absorb the noise produced
from factory.
• The vegetation area and trees with shade open space will be provided within the
building area.

Figure 102: Plants used for the landscaping area around the factory.

Figure 103: Juniperus Chinensis

Figure 104: Terminalia Catappa

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SM 6 Earthworks - Construction Activity Pollution Control 1

• The application of Industrialised Building System (IBS) during the construction works.
• Structure parts such as the beam, slab and arch will be casted at the factory and
transported to the site to be installed.
• This will ensure the quality control of the construction work as the quality of the structure
parts are ensured and the production of waste at the project site will be reduced.

Figure 105: Structure parts that has been casted in factory

Figure 106: Structure parts assembled at the project site

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SM 7 Qlassic - Quality Assessment System for Building Construction Work 1

• The quality of workmanship of the construction projects must achieved the CIDB’s
Qlassic assessment requirement which is minimum of 70%.
• Following figure is the QLASSIC assessment process for every construction project.

Figure 107: The QLASSIC Assessment Process/ Flow

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SM 8 Workers’ Site Amenities 1

• Cabin/ container will be provided as the temporary accommodation for the workers
including for the site office use.
• Adequate portable toilets with a proper septic tank will be provided by the
contractor/client according to the number of workers and location of the site.
• Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R) concept can be applied to manage the disposal of the
waste in a proper way.
• Provide health and hygiene facilities that complies the checklist of DOSH standards. For
example, the first aid kits, emergency equipment and PPE equipment.

Figure 108: The cabin provided for workers

Figure 109: Portable toilet provided for workers’ use

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 Figure 110: The 3R’s recycle bins provided

Figure 111: The personal protective equipment (PPE)

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SM 9 Public Transportation Access and Transportation Plan 1

• A bus stop located about 190m from the project site. The workers can use the public
transportation service such as the Rapid Penang bus or E-hailing services

Figure 112: Bus stop located within 500 m range

Figure 113: The e-hailing signage for the pick-up

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SM10 Green Vehicle Priority - Low Emitting and Fuel Efficient Vehicles 1

• Few reserved parking spots for the green vehicle will be provided to support the usage of
the green vehicles.
• This will increase or promote the usage of the green vehicles among the workers.

Figure 114: The green vehicle parking priority

Figure 115 : The reserved parking capacity for the green vehicles such as the
bicycle

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SM11 Parking Capacity 1

• Limited parking capacity provided including the preferred parking for green vehicle,
OKU and for the carpool.

Figure 116: The side view of the parking

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SM12 Cargo Delivery Route and Proximity 1

• The building is located within 10km from major cargo service such as airport.
• Accessible to major freeway entrance that is within 5km range. This makes the movement
of the workers’ easier as the factory is near to the main road.

Figure 117: The distance between the site location and the Penang International Airport

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SM14 Greenery and Roof 2

• Open grid system will be provided for the pavement with the presence of trees as shades.
• Vegetative roof system is applied on the roof area which helps control storm water runoff
and retention.
• Trees are plant around the building area to help minimize the heat island effect and reduce
the greenhouse gas emission.
• The solar panel are placed on the roof part of the factory to improve the energy efficiency.

Figure 118: The open grid pavement system installed

Figure 119: The side view of the trees planted around the factory

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Figure 120: The cow grass and the solar panel installed at the upper roof part of the factory

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SM15 Building User Manual 1

• Building User Manual is the most important document that will be handed over to the
building user.
• Building User Manual (BUM) shall be prepared by a competent person and all
information of the building must be included.
• The Building User Manual describes and documents the entire construction process
through completion.

Figure 121: Building User Manual

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PART 4: MATERIAL AND RESOURCES (MR)

MR1 Material Used and Selection 2

1. Cool roofs coating painting are an effective alternative to bulk attic insulation under roofs
in humid tropical and subtropical climates. It can reduce building heat-gain and demand
for electric power that help to minimize the operating cost.

Figure 122: Cool roofs coating painting

2. Asphalt paving is crushed and recycled back into new asphalt for paved roads which is
used at the parking facilities.

Figure 123: Recycle asphalt

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MR2 Recycled Content Materials

• Use recycle steel girders, trusses and pilings since steels can be recycled at the end of life
2
to form products that are the same or higher standard and quality as the original materials.
• Recycled steel maintains its strength and durability and minimize the construction cost.

Figure 124: Recycled steels

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MR3 Regional Materials

• The site located at Bayan Lepas, where the local supplier for the building materials is
located nearby (below 100km).
• Supporting the use of indigenous resources and reducing the environmental impacts from
transportation.
1

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MR5 Storage and Collection of Recyclables 1

• Coordinate the functionality of the recycling areas with the anticipated collection services
for recyclable and non-hazardous items.

Figure 125: Recycle bins for non-hazardous items

• Provide instruction to workers about the recycle activity.

• Provide recycle section with recycle bins at the site.

MR6
Construction Site Management

• Introduce secure on-site waste storage area with clear labelled and colour coded for 2
different type of waste such as steels, bricks, concrete, and timber.

Figure 126: On-site waste storage

• Training employees in basic segregation procedures of the construction waste.

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MR7 Refrigerants and Clean Agents

• Use non-CFC and non HCFC air conditioner and fire extinguisher such as R-142b
(chlorodifluoromethane, CH3 CCIF2) refrigerants to be located inside the building and the 1
site office.

Figure 127: R-142b refrigerants

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PART 5: WATER EFFICIENCY (WE)

WE1 Rainwater Harvesting 2

Rainwater harvesting system

1. Rainwater harvesting leads to a 69.9% reduction in potable water consumption.

2. Rainwater harvesting can reduce stormwater runoff from a property. The elimination of
runoff can reduce contamination of surface water with pesticides, sediment, metals, and
fertilizer.

Figure 128: Rainwater Harvesting Systems

3. The reason why we use the rainwater harvesting system for our factories:
➢ It provides an alternative water supply to supplement piped water:
➢ It is a green approach. It reduces the dependency of people on pipe water hence
discourage dam construction and deforestation:
➢ It reduces stormwater flooding and soil erosion.

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WE2 Water Recycling

Grey wastewater system

1) Grey wastewater system leads to a 35.0% wastewater leading to a reduction in potable
2
water consumption
2) The greywater treatment system can be put to good use. These uses include water for land
toilet flushing, and also irrigation of plants.
3) The nutrients in the greywater provide an excellent food source for plants.

Figure 129: Grey Wastewater Systems

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WE4 Water Reduction

1. Install automatic touchless sensor bathroom sink since this sensor will save energy and
water conservation.

Figure 130: Automatic Touchless Sensor Bathroom Sink

2. Install a dual flush toilet system which can help conserve water with a controlled water
outlet option.

Figure 131: Dual flush toilet

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 3. Install greywater diverter where greywater diverter is a simple system that sends the
treated water to the area identified for reuse.

Figure 132: Greywater diverter

WE5 Metering and Leak Detection System

Water meter
2
1. Water metering is the process of measuring the water use. Water meter is a device which
measures the volume of water flowing through a pipeline system. Generally water meters
are provided to measure the volume of water used by residential and commercial buildings
that are supplied with water by a public water supply system. Normally, water meters
measure flow in cubic meters (m3), some electronic meter can also display rate-of-flow
in addition to total usage.

Figure 133: Smart water sub-meter

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PART 6: INNOVATION (IN)

IN 1 Innovation and Environmental Design Initiatives 6

• Install Solar Hybrid Air Conditioning that will helps to reduce electricity bills.

Figure 134: Solar Hybrid Air Conditioner

• Use air filtration system in the building to remove dust and dirt.
• Install photocatalyst architectural facade coating on the wall of building to prevent
adhesion of dust and organic growth and create a self-cleaning surface.

Figure 135: Photocatalyst architectural facade coating

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 • Use Electrochromic glazing (EC) which can dynamically modulate the solar energy
entering a building

Figure 136: Electrochromic glazing (EC)

• Use Whole-Building Ventilation controlled to provide uniform ventilation throughout a

building.

• Use non-CFC and non-HCFC air conditioner and fire extinguisher to minimize the
greenhouse gases.

IN 2 Green Building Index Facilitator

1
• Engage the services of Green Building Index Facilitator to support and encourage the
design integration required for Green Building Index rated buildings to obtain GBI
certification.

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 TASK 4

The Possible Problems and

Solution Encountered as
Stakeholder in Pursuing Green
Building Projects

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The implementation of green buildings is highlighted as one of the means of building
sustainability in our development of the construction industry in Malaysia. A significant stage
must be completed in the construction of the manufacturing factory called Verte Electronics to
comply with the green building index criteria.

As a Green Building Consultant, reasonable and appropriate solutions need to be given for the
green building project regarding the problems that may arise during the session with
stakeholders such as client, architect, civil engineer, mechanical and electrical (M&E) engineer
and quantity surveyor.

In this task, the potential problems and the solutions sought in the context of green building
projects will be highlighted.

1) Client

2) Architect – Building and Landscape

3) Civil Engineering

4) M & E

5) Quantity Surveyor

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1) Client
Problems a) Clients are having higher costs while constructing green building
projects than conventional building projects. It is costly because of
the presence of complexities in building design and the modelling of
green practices to integrate into the projects.
b) Clients are facing difficulty in terms of technical during the
construction process. Since green building require complicated
techniques and building designs, the client’s performance can be
unfavorably affected if he or she fails to address these complications.
c) Inadequate expertise and lack of experience with the design,
material and systems in green technologies. Client might not be able
to deliver the project within the required standards and performance
of green buildings.

Solutions a) The increased costs are mainly because of the use of green
technologies and materials which is why client need to have good
financial management in order to build green buildings. In addition,
client can hire consultant that are expertise in green building to have
a better advice in managing green building projects.
b) People-oriented approach towards management of green building
construction can be proven effective. Client need to build the trust
and cooperation of his team in order to reduce the technical
difficulties in green building construction. The team members should
work together to meet project requirements and share information.
c) Client must study further before developing into green building
projects. The client can evaluate the green building projects by
referring Green Building Index (GBI) tools to be more exposed about
green projects.

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2) Architect
Problems a) Architects are often difficult to establish the embodied energy or life
cycle costs of a particular product. It is because if the materials used
are not fit in environmental terms positively, then they are would not
be published. For example maintaining a balance between harvesting
practices, manufacturing processes, shipping and so on.
b) Architects realized the awareness of using green building materials,
but they somehow do not know whether their results reach the level of
effectiveness or not. They also do not know how to select materials
that are suitable in the current project. So, they just choose based on
their experiences.
c) Rapid urbanization and industrialization have affected the
architecture industry. It is because it is a process that transforms
territories, changes the reciprocity of existing territories and creates
new relations between various locations. It can further lead to a
population explosion, geologic wastewater dumps, unsustainable
living patterns and construction practices, environmental degradation
such as pollution of air, water, soil and so on.

Solutions a) The best practices are conventional which is building materials and
construction techniques that locally available. This can lead to a lower
energy level. We can take India for example. In Rajasthan, they have
stone available and in Assam, they have bamboo (Hussain, 2013).
Timber can be a good renewable material since it does not emit carbon
dioxide gas but it rather absorbs the gas in its processing.

b) In order to improve material effectiveness, the architects can

minimize the quantity of building material, use items that can be
recycled after its useful life is over which would have otherwise been
scraps and reduction in building waste production. For example,
concrete and hardware.
c) Create a collection of selected factors to build a viable method or
framework to allow architects and professionals to find a better

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 alternative to draw successful decisions in less time and with less
resources and errors when selecting suitable material.
d) Since green areas are covered with pavements and concrete due to
rapid urbanization and industrialization, green roofs and porous
pavements are recommended as a great extent to help the problem.
Green roofs and porous pavements are a special solution for the
protections of groundwater. Also, vegetation keeping water on
rooftops and pavements which allow it to seep in the ground to save
water tables.

3) Civil Engineering
Problems a) There are limited comprehension regarding available green
solutions by engineers. This includes inadequate expertise to produce
specifications, a shortage of high performance materials, difficulties in
securing approval of new technologies for building codes and so on.
b) Most of the engineers are still using traditional practices and
techniques that seem to be outdated. Also contractors and designer
does not equipped with knowledge on green construction that makes
them cannot recognize the differences between a normal construction
and green construction project (J.R Steele, 2007).
c) A priority for a civil engineer is the design, planning, construction,
maintenance and operation of the infrastructure. However, when
problems arise, civil engineers have to follow the complex
architectural design agreed upon.

Solutions a) Engineers must define the specification in order to implement

sustainable building techniques and materials. There is no
standardized evaluation criteria for products allowing them to be
specifically evaluated and because of that, engineers need to spend
considerable time evaluating possible materials and technologies.
b) Engineers that have LEED certificate do make them understand
sustainable building strategies before the project starts thus let them
prepare and carry out their work accordingly.

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 - With the LEED certificate, engineers can minimize their use of
material, can create waste management plan, can promote recycling
and reuse and so forth. They are also able to support the principles of
sustainable design, which can significantly reduce the energy of the
building.
c) In order to ensure that a project is awarded as an excellent green
building, civil engineers must follow the guidelines and also any
manuals concerning green building construction.

4) Mechanical and Electrical Engineering

Problems a) Mechanical engineers are often difficult to identify one of the
construction issues in relation with heat transmission of the building.
This problem often happen after the building has been in operation.
b) Air parameter measurement does not fulfill the criteria for
specification. Various site and environmental characteristic require
different parameters. Heat load is a major factor influencing the
temperature indoors. In any event, this results in building’s inadequate
indoor heat load and the indoor temperature cannot comply with
normal requirements.
c) Since Malaysia is still new with green building constructions,
mechanical engineering would have trouble with the knowledge of the
right installation. The financial contribution of the project is affected
here because the clients have to recruit experts with expertise in
materials that meet the criteria of the green building index.

Solutions a) Mechanical engineers will make sure the building services perform
well before the project is delivered to the client.
b) Basic construction engineering data should firstly be adjusted to the
standards then the final design parameters are then determined in order
to ensure the overall quality of the project and to achieve efficient cost
control. Thus, two factors should be given particular attention: the
volume of fresh air and the noise parameter.
c) Clients, architects, civil engineers and GBI consultants should meet

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 at frequent basis to discuss the electrical and mechanical design used
during the building work.

5) Quantity Surveyor
Problems a) Quantity surveyors are always struggling due to the high use of
green materials and equipment, experience conflicts over the type of
green material to be applied with the architects. Most of them agree
that their practices are based on limited policy and standards.
b) Quantity surveyor are responsible for the management of all aspects
of construction project’s contractual and financial side. They carry out
feasibility studies for materials, time and labour costs. They are also
prepare, negotiate and analyze costs of tenders and contracts.
c) The comparison between the product in green building projects and
the normal construction building could have a significant difference in
cost and product specification. QS will propose the cheaper product
compared to the green construction product since the total costs of
green construction exceed the preliminary budget.

Solutions a) Understand the quantity surveying practices and its opportunities

in sustainable construction because it ensures that the practitioners
realize the challenges and threats and sustain their credibility.
b) Quantity surveyors must persuade the clients to proceed with the
green construction by justifying the costly construction costs and
includes explaining how the green construction can reduce the cost of
utilities for example electricity and water usage.
c) The costly green building projects will have expensive
implementation cost however it must be proved to the clients in the
subsequent years that the higher cost will definitely bring more
benefits to the client in future.

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 TASK 5

Return of Investment (ROI) Of

Project

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Return of Investment (ROI) is a performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency of an
investment or compare the efficiency of a number of different investments. ROI tries to
directly measure the amount of return on a particular investment, relative to the investment’s
cost.
The return of investment formula is as follows:

Net Return on Investment

ROI = 𝑥 100%
Cost of investment

ENERGY EFFICIENCY (EE)

Tool used Earned/Saved Price per Maintenance Investment
(RM) Unit (RM) (RM) (RM)
Fluorescent lamp - 22.00 100.00 880.00
Automatic light control 1,000.00 7.00 40.00 105.00
sensor
Motion detector - 20.00 20.00 100.00
Solar pathway 3,000.00 79.00 100.00 1580.00
Smart submetering - 47.50 - 95.00
Solar photovoltaic 15,000.00 5,000.00 1,500.00 30,000.00
system
Table 17: Energy efficiency (EE)

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (EQ)

Tool used Earned/Saved Price per Maintenance Investment
(RM) Unit (RM) (RM) (RM)
Fire detector - 99.00 100.00 990.00
Carbon Dioxide sensor - 120.00 56.00 240.00
Indoor air quality meter - 139.90 50.00 139.90
Occupancy Sensor - 183.90 50.00 183.90
Table 18: Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)

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SUSTAINABLE SITE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT (SM)
Tool used Earned/Saved Price per Maintenance Investment
(RM) Unit (RM) (RM) (RM)
Provide parking spots - - 500.00 13,000.00
Use trees and plant - - 500.00 10,000.00
around building
Table 19: Sustainable Site Planning and Management (SM)

MATERIAL RESOURCES (MR)

Tool used Earned/Saved Price per Maintenance Investment
(RM) Unit (RM) (RM) (RM)
Provide recycle bin 100 200.00 9,000.00
use non-CFC and non - - - -
HCFC air conditioner
Table 20: Material Resources (MR)

WATER EFFICIENCY (WE)

Tool used Earned/Saved Price per Maintenance Investment
(RM) Unit (RM) (RM) (RM)
Rainwater harvesting 5,000.00 5,500.00 1,000.00 10,000.00
system
Grey wastewater 5,000.00 5,000.00 3,000.00 10,000.00
system
Automatic touchless 9000.00 134.00 110.00 570.00
sensor bathroom
Dual flush toilet system 400.00 20,50 - 246.00
Table 21: Water Efficiency (WE)

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 INNOVATION (IN)
Tool used Earned/Saved Price per Maintenance Investment
(RM) Unit (RM) (RM) (RM)
Solar Hybrid Air 3,000.00 2,000.00 - 6,000.00
Conditioning
Air filtration system 4,000.00 4,000.00 1,000.00 7,000.00
Electrochromic glazing - 77.20 - 77.20
(EC)
Table 22: Innovation (IN)

Tools used Earned/saved (RM) Maintenance (RM) Investment (RM)

TOTAL 45,400.00 8,326.00 100,207.00
Table 23: Total

Total Investment Cost = RM 100,207.00

Total Maintenance per Year = RM 8,326.00
Total Savings per Year = RM 45,400.00

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5

Earnings (RM) - 45,400.00 45,400.00 45,400.00 45,400.00

Expenses (RM) 100,207.00 -8,326.00 -8,326.00 -8,326.00 -8,326.00

Net Earnings 100,207.00 -63,133.00 11,015.00 48,089.00 85,163.00

(RM)
ROI (%) - -63.00 10.99 47.99 84.99

Table 24: Return of Investment for first five years

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 Net Return on Investment
ROI = 𝑥 100%
Cost of investment

Year 2
(100.207.00 − 45400) + 8326.00
ROI = 𝑥 100%
100.207.00
ROI = (−)63.00%

Year 3
(63,133.00 − 90,800.00) + 166,52.00
ROI = 𝑥 100%
100.207.00
ROI = (+)10.99%

Year 4
(11,015.00 + 45,400) − 8326.00
ROI = 𝑥 100%
100.207.00
ROI = (+)47.99%

Year 5
(48,089.00 + 45400) − 8326.00
ROI = 𝑥 100%
100.207.00
ROI = (+)84.99%

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TASK 6

Conclusion

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The Verte Electronics is a electronic factory, that use vertical city concept which is consist of
renewable energies for producing the minimum waste. By referring to the Green Building
Index (GBI) elements, we can create factories that consume less energy by using renewable
energies. This factory's concept aimed to build sustainable, beautiful, eco-friendly, and trendy.

According to Green Building Index (GBI), buildings are rated on six different criteria. The
criteria are Energy Efficiency (EE), Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ), Sustainable Site
Planning and Management (SM), Material & Resources (MR), Water Efficiency (WE) and
also Innovation (IN). All criteria have its own tools in order to reach the optimum value of the
criteria. The Verte Electronics manage to get Silver for the GBI rating. This is because the
total points obtained from the GBI tools is 70 which is in between of 66 to 75 point.

In order to estimate the return of investment for this project, several assumption been done.
Using the calculation for the return of investment, it is predicted that the percentage of ROI
for the first 5 years will get is 84.99% .Based on the implementation of sustainable green
building, we assume that the returns of investment will get 100% after year 6. It shows that
although the implementation of green building is costly but it can give a lot of benefit
especially in energy savings.

We also learn and study about the sustainable and green construction in order to develop the
Verte Electronics. There are a lot of problems that comes up during application of Green
Building Index (GBI) that involved many parties such as client, architect, civil engineer and
others. We have determined the solutions to encounter that problems.

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REFERENCES

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1. Madam Isma Hani binti Ismail (2020). Lecturer of Engineer in Society (CEM 585) of
Faculty Civil Engineering UiTM Cawangan Pulau Pinang.

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network of distributed learning factories for energy efficient production. Procedia
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4. Ravindu, S., Rameezdeen, R., Zuo, J., Zhou, Z. & Chandratilake, R. (2015). Indoor
environment quality of green buildings: Case study of an LEED platinum certified
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Building Construction, World Academy of Research in Science and Engineering
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8. Weber, C. (2005) The green house effect, Residential Architect, March 2005, pp. 51-
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13. Michael D et al., (2012, February 1). Selecting a Mechanical Engineer For Green
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15. Alice B, (2019, December 23). What is an EnMS (energy management system) and
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management.html

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APPENDICES

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Appendix 1: All the members are discussing about GBI project

Appendix 2: Discussion about GBI element

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Appendix 3: Discussion about GBI element which is energy efficiency

Appendix 4: Discussion about GBI element which is innovation

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Appendix 5: Discussion about technical report

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Appendix 6: Discussion about task in technical report

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 Appendix 7: GBI Assessment Criteria

Appendix 8: Green Building Index Classification

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Appendix 9: Malaysian Standard of Energy efficiency (MS1525)

Appendix 10: Discussion in Whatsapp group

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Appendix 11: Discussion in Whatsapp group

Appendix 12: Discussion in Whatsapp group

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