VY All of know about our fundamental rights. v But who gives us these rights? VIt is The Indian Constitution (@\islw AAW). When was our it formed? v Where is it located? V How was it formed? Fundamental Y Why was it formed? Rae] a1 e3 v The constitution is something that sets the limits and boundaries of the governments’ interaction and powers. ¥ The Constitution works as a means by which the government in the rule knows as to what extent they can impose rules and regulations on the citizen of the country. YA constitution is set for the countries to develop successfully. Thus, any added improvements in the constitution will thrive up to this.v As for the Indian Constitution, it distributes the power horizontally throughout the three major institutional bodies of the Indian Jurisdiction (S|HlM] eIgLdL). Pl Suk Vv It frames fundamental political principles, procedures, practices, rights, powers and duties of the government. v It imparts constitutional supremacy and not parliamentary supremacy, as it is not created by the Parliament but, by a constituent assembly, and adopted by its people, with a declaration in its preamble. v Parliament cannot override it.“The world’s longest constitution is the Indian’s constitution. At its commencement, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules. “It consists of approximately 145,080 words, making it the largest active constitution in the world. % Currently, it has a preamble ((LNsirgpJEmIy), 25 parts with 12 schedules, 5 appendices, 448 articles and 101 amendments. Y The constitution of India was adopted on the 26th of November, in the year 1949. vY However, it came to effect on the 26th of January, 195@, 26th of January is celebrated as the Republic Day of India. Y It was adopted by the Constitution Assembly. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the chairman of the Drafting Committee, is widely considered to be the architect of the Constitution of India. Y After, the adoption of the constitution, The Union of India became the contemporary and modern Republic of India (QS Gig wigs)why is the constitution important? constitution is an embodiment (® (ROJGLD) ¥ Constitution is a written instrument which serves as the embodiment of the rules of a political or social organization. v These rules and regulations lay down the base of the nation so that it can run without any sort of issue or dispute and in case any problem occurs in the legal and governmental sectors or between the masses of the country and the judiciary. The constitution forms the basic structure of any governmen’ v The constitution of any country is important because of the fact that it lays down all the legal and cultural aspects under which its people and the governmental bodies will be governed and that too when there are foreign interactions in the personal affairs every now and then by international organizations. Si¥ The executive, the legislature and the judiciary are the main organs of the government that the constitution establishes. Y These three are the source of stability of any country, and without them, the only thing that will rise is terror and corruption among the as « e STABILITY eee ten Governs_ the ro stribut. ¥ The Constitution defines the powers of each organ and let everyone related to a country know about the power and governmental and legal body has. voit demarcates (QUMTUMISAMS!) the responsibilities of each of the parties whether it is a governmental institution, companies of the country or the masses of the nation. v The Constitution helps to regulate the relationship between the government and the people in such a manner that no one part can miss treating the power in any way possible.Apex body YA Constitution is superior to all the laws of the country which means any law or provision that is circulated in the nation is passed down by the constitution itself. Vevery law enacted (QWMMUULLS) by the government has to be in conventionality (UITTLDUIPWILd) with the Constitution and this means that no one or no legal body will be able to speak upon the Constitution otherwise it will not maintain the strength and will fall and so will the nation. Goals of a Country v The Constitution lays down the national goals of any country, by nation goals we mean to say that any aspiring objective that a country has. Y As every country has some point to reach which is planned in their mind, therefore, the constitution will help to reach goals suchas.Democracy (S260IHMWIGLD) , secularism(LO5E ENT MNGTEMLD) ,Socialism(GUTIHUsSCHM_UTG), and National Integration (G5 BQ (GMIACHSOLILY) .Basic rights v The constitution of a country guarantees some rights and provision for any individual or group of people on behalf of which they can ensure their well-being and dignity. v It helps the people of the country to avail of all the basic rights which they are deemed for. Y Some of the most basic rights that are protected by the Constitution are right to life, right to freedom, right to property and the right to participate freely in the democratic system (QETHMUS SLO). Power transfer at the time of national emergency: Y One of the things that make the Constitution a really important document for a country is the fact that it controls the transfer of power at the time of national emergencies. v By national emergencies, we mean a disaster that can wipe out some part of the nation or can damage any part of the nation in a very severe manner, civil war breakdownPILLARS OF CONSTITUTION v The Legislature, the Executive and the Judiciary are the three main organs of the government. ¥ These organs do not work in isolation to each other but are interdependent (eaMeCErsrM) ENTHHGSSV) to ensure proper and systematic functioning of the government. ¥ Indian Constitution does not explicitly (QevefUuemLwins&) talk about the relation between these three powerful institutions through various provisions a system of Checks and Balances has been established and there is a clear separation of powers. Legislature (Lem) ¥ The legislature or the Parliament comprises of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. v its main function is to enact and formulate laws. It also imposes taxes, authorizes borrowing and prepares & implements the budget. v The legislative powers have been given to the parliament and there is no limitation on its powers. But the judiciary and executive aid the legislature in carrying out its functions.v The judiciary interprets the Constitution and makes sure that the laws passed by the Parliament are constitutionally valid. v It engages in judicial review of the acts of the Parliament and keeps a check on the Parliament’s power. v The executive, i.e the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers have the power to make laws through notices and ordinances to aid the Legislature. Y The Executive also has the power to refuse laws (through President) Y The judiciary also settles the dispute with respect to the scope and nature of the power of the legislature and can also issue guidelines and recommendations while deciding on important issues.Executive v Executive has wide-ranging powers to refuse laws, command the military, make verdicts(SPUYSEN), ordinances(GlL_LEMEeTsén) and declarations (jensen), grant mercy (G(HOON6ON) to criminals. VY notices, rules and ordinances passed by the executive only become laws when passed by the legislature. Y executive is answerable for its actions to the legislature and the judiciary. VY As India follows a parliamentary form of government, the powers of the executive are thus limited. Such a system of checks and balances ensures that no organ wields excessive power. v The judges of the supreme court also have an advisory jurisdiction (QIHlGM] OJLDL) over the President, where the president can consult the Supreme Court on important issues. / /\ \ pi Z\ eleJudiciary (BA|HHIOOM) Y Constitution provides for the independence of the judiciary, a strong feature of our democracy. v Primary role of the judiciary is the administration of justice. The judiciary comprises the Supreme Court, the High Courts and the district courts at the lower level. v Judiciary is dependent on the executive as it is the president that appoints the judges in the Supreme Court and the Chief justices of the high court which in turn appoint the judges in the lower courts. Y Thus, the functioning of the judiciary is dependent on the executive. The legislature has the power to impeach a judge of the Supreme court and the high court on reasonable grounds. v Indian Constitution has maintained a proper balance between the three branches of government to ensure that neither of them wield excessive or arbitrary power. There is a proper system of checks and balances and an interdependency. All three organs need the other institutions in order to function smoothly and fuel our democracy (S60TIhITWLIGLD).