Implicit Intent:

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
final EditText editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.urlText);
Button btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNavigate);
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String url = "https://www." + editText.getText().toString()
+ ".com";
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,
Uri.parse(url));
startActivity(intent);
}
});
}

Fragment:

Main_activity:

Button firstFragmentBtn, secondFragmentBtn;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

firstFragmentBtn = findViewById(R.id.frameLayout1btn);
secondFragmentBtn = findViewById(R.id.frameLayout2btn);

firstFragmentBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
replaceFragment(new Fragment1());
}
});

secondFragmentBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
replaceFragment(new Fragment2());
}
});

}
 private void replaceFragment(Fragment fragment) {
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction =
fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.frameLayout, fragment);
fragmentTransaction.commit();
}

Fragment1.java:

View view;

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// Inflate the layout for this fragment
view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_1, container, false);
return view;
}

Fragment2.java:

View view;

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// Inflate the layout for this fragment
view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_2, container, false);
return view;
}

Menu:
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu, menu);
return true;
}
 @Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.item1:
Toast.makeText(this, "Item 1 Selected",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
case R.id.item2:
Toast.makeText(this, "Item 2 Selected",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
case R.id.item3:
Toast.makeText(this, "Item 3 Selected",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
case R.id.subItem1:
Toast.makeText(this, "Sub Item 1 Selected",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
case R.id.subItem2:
Toast.makeText(this, "Sub Item 2 Selected",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
default:
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}

Menu.xml:
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
<item android:id="@+id/item1"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_icon"
android:title="Item 1"
app:showAsAction="ifRoom" />

<item android:id="@+id/item2"
android:title="Item 2"
app:showAsAction="never" />

<item android:id="@+id/item3"
android:title="Item 3"
app:showAsAction="never">

<menu>
<item android:id="@+id/subItem1"
android:title="SubItem 1"/>
<item android:id="@+id/subItem2"
android:title="SubItem 2"/>
</menu>
</item>
</menu>
Simple ListView:

ListView listView;

String[] mobileTypes = {
"Galaxy Note 8", "Mate 20 Pro", "Note 9 Plus", "Note 10 Plus",
"iphone X", "P30 Pro hauwei"
};

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

listView = findViewById(R.id.listviewy);

ArrayAdapter adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(

this,
android.R.layout.simple_expandable_list_item_1,
mobileTypes
);

listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}

Customized ListView:
ListView listView;

String[] mTitle = {"Facebook", "Whatsapp", "Twitter", "Instagram",

"Youtube"};
String[] mDescription = {"Facebook Description", "Whatsapp Description",
"Twitter Description", "Instagram Description", "Youtube Description"};
int images[] = {R.drawable.facebook, R.drawable.whatsapp,
R.drawable.twitter, R.drawable.instagram, R.drawable.youtube};

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

listView = findViewById(R.id.listviewy);

MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter( this, mTitle, mDescription, images);

listView.setAdapter(adapter);

listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {

private int position;

 @Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int
i, long l) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Description is Clicked.",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});

class MyAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<String> {

Context context;
String rTitle[];
String rDescription[];
int rImgs[];

MyAdapter (Context c, String title[], String description[], int imgs[])

{
super(c, R.layout.row, R.id.textView1, title);
this.context = c;
this.rTitle = title;
this.rDescription = description;
this.rImgs = imgs;
}

@NonNull
@Override
public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull
ViewGroup parent) {
LayoutInflater layoutInflater = (LayoutInflater)
getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
View row = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.row, parent, false);
ImageView images = row.findViewById(R.id.image);
TextView myTitle = row.findViewById(R.id.textView1);
TextView myDescription = row.findViewById(R.id.textView2);

images.setImageResource(rImgs[position]);
myTitle.setText(rTitle[position]);
myDescription.setText(rDescription[position]);

return row;
}
}

Row.xml:

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:padding="16dp">
 <ImageView
android:layout_width="75dp"
android:layout_height="75dp"
android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:id="@+id/image"
/>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">

<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Main Title"
android:textColor="#000"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
android:textSize="20sp"
android:id="@+id/textView1"
/>

<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Sub Title"
android:textColor="#a9a9a9"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
android:textSize="15sp"
android:id="@+id/textView2"
/>

</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

DatePicker:
TimePicker: