APNI KAKSHA 0

MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

Chapter Three
Mechanics:
The branch of physics in which motion & force causing motion are studied is called mechanics.

Kinematics:
The study of motion without going into the causes of motion is called as kinematics.

Rest & Motion:

If a body changes its position with time it is said to be moving and if it does not change its position with time it is
said to be in rest.

No body can exist in state of absolute rest or of absolute motion, rest and motion of
a body depends on a reference frame.

For Example: In DDLJ, Raj is moving with respect to Simran but Raj is at rest with
respect to the other passengers in the train.

Frame of Reference:
It is a system of three mutually perpendicular axes (X, Y and Z axis) attached to an
observer having a clock with him, with respect to which the observer can describe
position, displacement, acceleration etc. of a moving object.
The point of intersection of three axes is called origin, which serves as a reference point
or the position of the observer.
If frame is not mention, then ground is taken as a reference frame.

Rectilinear Motion:
It is a motion in which a particle or point mass body is moving along a straight line.

For Example: Train moving on a straight track.

Distance & Displacement:

The actual path covered by a particle or body is known as Distance but the shortest path between the initial and
the final position of a body is known as Displacement.

For Example: If Ram ji started travelling in circular path having radius 2m and
he completed ten and half revolution then the distance travelled by Ram ji is:
2𝜋 × 2
10 × 2𝜋 × 2 + = 42𝜋
2
and the displacement travelled by Ram ji is 4m

APNI KAKSHA 1
 Q. Rahul and Neha are together at time 𝑡 = 0, Rahul started moving in East direction after moving 10m he
turned left and moved another 10m and then again turned left and moved 20m. Find out the following.
a) Final coordinates of Rahul b) Distance moved by Rahul
c) Displacement of Rahul
Sol.

a) Final coordinates of Rahul is (−10,10)

b) Distance moved by Rahul is 40 m (10 𝑚 + 10 𝑚 + 20 𝑚)
c) Displacement of Rahul is √(10)2 + (10)2 = 10√2, 𝑁 − 𝑊

Displacement is a vector quantity having magnitude equal to the shortest path length joining initial and final
point and the direction is given by the vector joining initial to final point and head towards the final point.

The magnitude of displacement will always be less than or equal to the magnitude distance.

Point Mass Object or Particle:

If the size of a body is negligible is comparison to its range of motion then the body is said
to be point mass object or a particle.

For Example: When a stone is thrown in space, stone can be considered as a Point
Mass.

Uniform Motion:
If a body covers equal distance in equal interval of time then the motion is said to be Uniform Motion.

Average Speed:
It is a ratio of total distance travelled by a body to the total time taken
Speed is a vector quantity

Total distance travelled 𝑙

Average Speed = =
Total time taken ∆𝑡

𝑙1 + 𝑙2 + 𝑙3 +. . . . . . . . . 𝑙𝑛 𝑙
Average Speed Vavg = =
𝑙1 𝑙2 𝑙3 𝑙 ∆𝑡
+ + +. . . . . . . . . 𝑛
𝑣1 𝑣2 𝑣3 𝑣𝑛

APNI KAKSHA 2
 Q. A car is moving in a straight path, it covers 20 km in first half hour, 40 km in next half hour and 60 km in
next one hour. Find out the average speed of car.
Sol.

Total distance
Average speed =
Total time
(20 + 40 + 60)𝑘𝑚 120 𝑘𝑚
= = = 60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
(0.5 + 0.5 + 1)ℎ𝑟 2 ℎ𝑟

Average Velocity:
It is the ratio of total displacement ∆𝑟⃗ to the total time (∆𝑡) taken to complete that displacement. It is a vector
quantity.

∆𝑟⃗ 𝑟⃗𝑓 − 𝑟⃗𝑖𝑛

⃗⃗𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
𝑉 =
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡

Q. After breakup with chinki , munna bhai became mad and drank that night till 2 am and started walking
towards his home. He moves four step forward and one step backward, total steps taken by munna
bhai was 100, assuming he is moving one step in one second and his one step is equal to 0.2 m. Find
out the average velocity of munna bhai.

Sol.
In four step forward and one step backward total distance moved forward is 0.6 m (4 × 0.2 − 1 × 0.2)
in total five steps, that means in 100 steps net forward distance moved is
100
× 0.6 = 12 𝑚
5
Total displacement 12
Average velocity = = = 0.12 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
Total time 100

Instantaneous Speed:
It is measure of how fast a particle or a body is moving at a particular instant

For Example: Speedometer of a car shows its instantaneous speed

APNI KAKSHA 3
Instantaneous Velocity:
If is defined as the value approached by the average velocity when the time interval for measurement becomes
closer and closer to zero, i.e. ∆𝑡 → 0. Mathematically

∆𝑥 𝑑𝑥(𝑡)
𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑣(𝑡) =
∆𝑡→∞ ∆𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Thus Instantaneous velocity function is the derivative of the displacement with respect to time.

For Example: If a person travels from Delhi to Jaipur in 5 hours (take distance between Delhi to Jaipur is
250
250 km) that means is average speed is = 50 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟 but it doesn’t mean he travels with 50 km/hr every
5
moment, his speed varied many times and the speed at any instant with specified direction is known to be its
instantenous velocity at that particular instant

Magnitude of instantaneous velocity is the instantaneous speed.

When a body moves with constant velocity, its average velocity, its instantaneous velocity and its speed all are
equal.

Q. If 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 − 10𝑡 + 24, where 𝑥 is the position of body at time 𝑡, then find out the following
a) speed in first 8sec b) velocity in first 8 sec c) velocity at 𝑡 = 5𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑑𝑥
Sol. 𝑣= = 2𝑡 − 10
𝑑𝑡
From the above equation, we can see that at 𝑡 = 5 sec velocity is 0.
For 0 ≤ 𝑡 < 5, velocity is negative
For 5 < 𝑡, velocity is positive

Total Distance 25+9 34

a) Speed = = = 𝑚/𝑠
Total Time 8 8
b) 𝑡 = 0, 𝑥 = 24 and at 𝑡 = 8, 𝑥 = 8 that means displacement in first 8 sec is
8𝑖̂ − 24𝑖̂ = −16𝑖̂
Total Displacement 16𝑖̂
Velocity = =− = −2 𝑚/𝑠 𝑖̂
Total Time 8
c) Velocity at 𝑡 = 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐 means it is asking about instantaneous velocity
𝑑𝑥
𝑣= = 2𝑡 − 10
𝑑𝑡
At 𝑡 = 5 ⇒ 𝑣 = 0

APNI KAKSHA 4
Average Acceleration:
The Average Acceleration (𝑎⃗𝑎𝑣𝑔 ) over a time interval ∆𝑡 is

𝑣⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣1 ∆𝑣⃗
𝑎⃗𝑎𝑣𝑔 = =
𝑡2 − 𝑡1 ∆𝑡

where the particle has velocity 𝑣1 at time 𝑡1 and velocity 𝑣2 at time 𝑡2 .

Instantaneous Acceleration:
The Instantaneous Acceleration (or simply acceleration) is the derivative of the velocity with respect to time.

𝑑𝑣⃗
𝑎⃗ =
𝑑𝑡
∆𝑣⃗
Analysing Graphs in 1-D Motion: =
∆𝑡

(a) (b)
(c)
1) In graph (a) you can see 𝑥 coordinate is 40 and it is not changing with time that means object is at rest.

2) In graph (b) you can see that graph is a straight line passing through the origin that means we can write 𝑥 = 𝑡
now you can see at 𝑡 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 1, at 𝑡 = 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2 and so on that means body is covering equal distance in
equal interval of time it shows that motion is uniform.

3) In graph (c) you can see that 𝑥 coordinate is zero for the first for second after that 𝑥 coordinate is changing
with time but distance covered by the body is not equal in equal interval of time that means motion is non-
uniform.

Important points for graphs :

1) Slope of displacement – time graph gives velocity.

𝑑𝑠
As 𝑣=
𝑑𝑡

2) Slope of velocity – time graph gives acceleration

𝑑𝑣
As 𝑎=
𝑑𝑡

APNI KAKSHA 5
3) Area under velocity – time graph gives displacement.
As 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣 𝑑𝑡

𝑠 =𝑣×𝑡
Distance = Total Area
Displacement = (+ve Area) – (- ve Area)

4) Area under acceleration – time graph gives change in velocity.

As 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎 𝑑𝑡

∆𝑉 = 𝑎 × 𝑡

Kinematic Equations for Uniformly Accelerated Motion:

We know that,
𝑑𝑣⃗
𝑎=
𝑑𝑡
𝑎. 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑣⃗
Integrating both side,
𝑡 𝑣
∫ 𝑎. 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
0 𝑢

𝑎𝑡 = 𝑣 − 𝑢

𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡

Assuming that 𝑢 is the initial velocity at time 𝑡 = 0 and acceleration is constant and 𝑣 is the velocity at time 𝑡.
Now, we know that velocity at time 𝑡 can be written as
𝑑𝑠⃗
𝑣=
𝑑𝑡
From the above equation,
𝑑𝑠
𝑣= = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠 = 𝑢. 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡. 𝑑𝑡
Integrating both side,
𝑠 𝑡 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ 𝑢. 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑎𝑡. 𝑑𝑡
0 0 0

1
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2

We know that,
𝑑𝑣⃗ 𝑑𝑣⃗ 𝑑𝑠⃗ 𝑑𝑠⃗ 𝑑𝑣⃗ 𝑑𝑣⃗
𝑎= = × = × = 𝑣⃗ ×
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑠⃗ 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑠⃗ 𝑑𝑠⃗
𝑎. 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣. 𝑑𝑣
Integrating both side,
𝑠 𝑣
∫ 𝑎. 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ 𝑣. 𝑑𝑣
0 𝑢

2𝑎𝑠 = 𝑣 2 − 𝑢2

APNI KAKSHA 6
Distance travelled by the body in nth second

𝑆𝑛𝑡ℎ = 𝑆𝑛 − 𝑆𝑛−1
1 1
𝑆𝑛𝑡ℎ = 𝑢𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛2 − 𝑢(𝑛 − 1) − 𝑎(𝑛 − 1)2
2 2
On solving we get,
𝑎
𝑆𝑛𝑡ℎ = 𝑢 + (2𝑛 − 1)
2

Important Points for the above Equation

• Acceleration is constant
• 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑠, 𝑎 all are vector quantites so use sign convention accordingly.
• Take any one direction positive according to the convenience and then the opposite direction is taken as
negative, stick to the sign convention for the whole question.

Vertical Motion Under Gravity (Free fall):

Motion that occurs solely under the influence of gravity is called free fall. Thus a body
projected upward or downward or released from rest are all under free fall.
In the absence of air resistance all falling bodies have the same acceleration due to gravity,
regardless of their sizes or shapes.
Let 𝑢 is initial velocity of ball in upward direction, 𝑔 is acceleration due to gravity, 𝐻 is
maximum height, 𝑇 is time of flight.

1. Maximum Height:
At the Maximum height velocity is zero
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
0 = 𝑢2 + 2(−𝑔)𝐻

𝑢2
𝐻=
2𝑔

2. Time of Flight:
Total time taken to go up + Total time taken to move down (To reach the same horizontal level again).
1
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1
0 = 𝑢𝑇 + (−𝑔)𝑇 2
2
2𝑢
𝑇=
𝑔

Importants Points
• Time of ascent = Time of descent for motion between two points at same horizontal level for example between
A & B and between C & D shown in the figure.

• A particle has the same speed at a point on the path. While going vertically up and down.

APNI KAKSHA 7
Relative Motion in 1-D:
Car 𝑨 is moving with a speed of 60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟 a person standing on the
ground observe the speed of car is 60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟 but another person
sitting in another car 𝑩 which is moving parallel to the car 𝑨 in a same
direction will feel speed of car 𝑨 is less than 60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟 because of
relative motion.
𝑣⃗𝐴𝐵 = velocity of 𝐴 with respect to 𝐵 = 𝑣⃗𝐴 − 𝑣⃗𝐵
𝑎⃗𝐴𝐵 = acceleration of 𝐴 with respect to 𝐵 = 𝑎⃗𝐴 − 𝑎⃗𝐵

Q. Two parallel rail tracks run north-south. Train 𝐴 moves north with a speed of 54 𝑘𝑚 ℎ−1 , and train 𝐵
moves south with a speed of 90 𝑘𝑚 ℎ−1 . What is the
a) velocity of 𝐵 with respect to 𝐴?
b) velocity of ground with respect to 𝐵?, and
c) velocity of a monkey running on the roof of the train 𝐴 against its motion (with a velocity of
18 𝑘𝑚 ℎ−1 with respect to the tarin A) as observed by a man standing on the ground ?

Sol.

a) 𝑣⃗𝐵𝐴 = 𝑣⃗𝐵 − 𝑣⃗𝐴

Let north direction is taken as positive and south direction is taken as negative
𝑣⃗𝐴 = 54 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
𝑣⃗𝐵 = −90 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
𝑣⃗𝐵𝐴 = 𝑣⃗𝐵 − 𝑣⃗𝐴 = −90 − 54 = −144 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
Hence, train 𝐵 appears to 𝐴 to move with speed of 144 km/hr from North to South direction.
b) Let velocity of ground is 𝑣𝐺
𝑣⃗𝐺𝐵 = 𝑣⃗𝐺 − 𝑣⃗𝐵 = 0 − (−90) = 90 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
c) Let, velocity of monkey with respect to ground is 𝑣𝑀
𝑣⃗𝑀𝐴 = 𝑣⃗𝑀 − 𝑣⃗𝐴
Since, the velocity of monkey with respect to train 𝐴 is against the direction of 𝐴
𝑣⃗𝑀𝐴 = −18 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
−18 = 𝑣⃗𝑀 − 𝑣⃗𝐴 = 𝑣⃗𝑀 − (54)
𝑣⃗𝑀 = −18 + 54 = 36 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟

APNI KAKSHA 8
Practice Questions

Q1. A woman starts from her home at 9.00 am. Walks with a speed of 5 𝑘𝑚 ℎ−1 on a straight road up to
her office 2.5 km away, stays at the office up to 5.00 pm, and returns home by an auto with a speed of
25 𝑘𝑚 ℎ−1 . Chosse suitable scales and plot the 𝑥-𝑡 graph of her motion. [NCERT Exercise]

Sol. Given: The speed of the woman is 5 𝑘𝑚 ℎ−1 , the distance between the office and home is 2.5 km and
the speed of auto is 25 𝑘𝑚 ℎ−1 .
The time taken in the first case is given as,
𝑡1 = 𝑑 × 𝑣1
Where, the total distance is d, and the speed is
𝑣1 and the time taken in the first case is 𝑡1 .
By substituting the given values in the above formula,
we get
𝑡1 = 2.5/5= 0.5 hours = 30 min
The time taken in second case is given as,
𝑡2 = 𝑑 × 𝑣2
Where, the total distance is d and the speed is 𝑣2 .
By substituting the given values in the above formula, we get
𝑡2 = 2.5/25 = 0.1 hours = 6 min
The above values can be observed from the below graph.

Q2. A jet airplane travelling at the speed of 500 𝑘𝑚 ℎ−1 ejects its products of combustion at the speed of
1500 𝑘𝑚 ℎ−1 relative to the jet plane. What is the speed of the latter with respect to an observer on the
ground? [NCERT Exercise]

Sol. Let 𝑣𝑗 , 𝑣𝑙 and 𝑣0 be the velocities of jet, ejected gases and observer on the ground respectively.
Let jet be moving towards right (+ve direction.)
∴ Ejected gases will move towards left (-ve direction).
∴ According to the statement
𝑣𝑗 − 𝑣0 = 500 𝑘𝑚/ℎ … (i)
As observer is at rest
𝑣𝑙 − 𝑣𝑗 = −1500 𝑘𝑚/ℎ … (ii)
∴ Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get the speed of
combustion products w.r.t., observer on the ground
(𝑣𝑗 − 𝑣0 ) + (𝑣𝑙 − 𝑣𝑗 ) = 𝑣𝑙 − 𝑣0 = 500 + (−1500)
Or 𝑣𝑙 − 𝑣0 = −1000 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
-ve sign shows that relative velocity of the ejected gases w.r.t. observer is towards left or in a direction
opposite to the motion of the jet plane.

APNI KAKSHA 9
Q3. Two trains A and B of length 400 m each are moving on two parallel tracks with a uniform speed of
72 𝑘𝑚 ℎ−1 in the same direction, with A ahead of B. The driver of B decides to overtake A and
accelerates by 1 𝑚𝑠 −1 . If after 50 𝑠, the guard of B just brushes past the driver of A, what was the
original distance between them? [NCERT Exercise]
Sol. For train A:
Initial velocity, 𝑢 = 72𝑘𝑚/ℎ = 20 𝑚/𝑠
Time, t = 50 s
Acceleration, 𝑎1 = 0 (Since it is moving with a uniform velocity)
From second equation of motion, distance (𝑠1 ) covered by train A can be obtained as:
1
𝑠1 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎1 𝑡 2
2
= 20 × 50 + 0 = 1000 𝑚
For train B:
Initial velocity, 𝑢 = 72 𝑘𝑚/ℎ = 20 𝑚/𝑠
Acceleration, 𝑎 = 1 𝑚/𝑠 2
Time, 𝑡 = 50 𝑠
From second equation of motion, distance (Sll) covered by train A can be obtained as:
1
𝑠𝑛 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1
= 20 × 50 + × 1 × (50)2 = 2250 𝑚
2
Hence, the original distance between the driver of train A and the guard of train B
= 2250 − 1000 = 1250 𝑚.
Alternate Solution:
1
𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑙 = 𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑙 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑙 𝑡 2
2
1
𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑙 = (72 − 72)(50) + (1)(50)2
2
𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑙 = 0 + 1250 = 1250 𝑚

Q4. A vehicle travels half the distance 𝐿 with speed 𝑉1 and the other half with speed 𝑉2 , then its average
speed is [NCERT Exemplar]
𝑉1 +𝑉2 2𝑉1 +𝑉2 2𝑉1 𝑉2 𝐿(𝑉1 +𝑉2 )
a) b) c) d)
2 𝑉1 +𝑉2 𝑉1 +𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑉2
Total distance
Sol. Average speed =
Total time
Let, first half distance 𝐿 is covered in time 𝑡1 and the other half distance 𝐿 is covered in time 𝑡2

𝐿 𝐿
∴ 𝑡1 = and 𝑡2 =
𝑉1 𝑉2
𝐿+𝐿 2𝐿 2𝑉1𝑉2
Average speed = ⇒ 𝐿 𝐿 =
𝑡1+𝑡2 + 𝑉1 +𝑉2
𝑉
1 𝑉 2
Hence, answer is C

APNI KAKSHA 10
Q5. The displacement of a particle is given by 𝑥 = (𝑡 − 2)2 where 𝑥 is in metres and 𝑡 in seconds. The distance
covered by the particle in first 4 seconds is [NCERT Exemplar]
Sol. Step 1: Find the velocity of the particle.
Given, displacement of the particle is
𝑥 = (𝑡 − 2)2 … (i)
𝑑𝑥
As velocity is given by 𝑣 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
𝑣= (𝑡 − 2)2 = 2(𝑡 − 2) … (ii)
𝑑𝑡
Step 2: Find the acceleration of the particle.
𝑑𝑣
As acceleration is given by, 𝑎 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
From equation (ii) 𝑎 = [2(𝑡 − 2)]
𝑑𝑡
2(1 − 0) = 2 𝑚/𝑠 2
a = constant
When, 𝑡 = 0, 𝑣 = −4 𝑚/𝑠
𝑡 = 2𝑠, 𝑣 = 0 𝑚/𝑠
𝑡 = 4𝑠, 𝑣 = 4 𝑚/𝑠
Step 3: Velocity time graph

Step 4: Area under the curve gives.

As we know that the magnitude of area under the curve of velocity-time graph gives distance,
Distance travelled = area of the graph
4×2 1
| | + × 2 × 4 = 8𝑚
2 2

Q6. At a metro station, a girl walks up a stationary escalator in time 𝑡1 . If she remains stationary on the
escalator, then the escalator take her up in time 𝑡2 . The time taken by her to walk up on the moving
escalator will be [NCERT Exemplar]
a) (𝑡1 + 𝑡2 )/2 b) 𝑡1 𝑡2 /(𝑡2 − 𝑡1 )
c) 𝑡1 𝑡2 /(𝑡2 + 𝑡1 ) d) 𝑡1 − 𝑡2

Sol. Let 𝑉𝑔 and 𝑉𝐸 are the velocities of girl and the escalator respectively and 𝐿 is the length from bottom to top
Case 1: When girl is walking and escalator is stationary.
Let, 𝑡1 is the time taken to reach the top
𝐿
𝑉𝑔 =
𝑡1

Case 2: When girl is at rest with respect to escalator and

escalator is moving.
Let, 𝑡2 is the time taken to reach the top
𝐿
𝑉𝐸 =
𝑡2

Case 3: When both girl and escalator is moving.

Let, 𝑡3 is the time taken to reach the top
𝐿 𝑉𝐸
𝑉𝐸 + 𝑉𝑔 =
𝑡3

𝐿 𝐿 𝑡 𝑡
𝑡3 = = 𝐿 𝐿 = 1 2
𝑉𝐸 +𝑉𝑔 𝑡 1+𝑡2
𝑡 +𝑡 2 1

APNI KAKSHA 11
Q7. An object falling through a fluid is observed to have acceleration given by 𝑎 = 𝑔 − 𝑏𝑣 where 𝑔 =
gravitational accelearation and b is constant. After a long time of release, it is observed to fall with
constant speed. What must be the value of constant speed? [NCERT Exemplar]

Sol. Net acceleration of ball at any instant

a = g – bv
When acceleration becomes zero ball moves with constant speed in vertically downward direction.
𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 0
𝑔 − 𝑏𝑣 = 0
𝑔
𝑣=
𝑏

Q8. A boy standing on a stationary lift (open from above) throws a ball upwards with the maximum initial
speed he can, equal to 49 𝑚 𝑠 −1 . How much time does the ball take to return to his hands? If the lift
starts moving up with a uniform speed of 5 𝑚 𝑠 −1 and the boy again throws the ball up with the
maximum speed he can, how long does the ball take to return to his hands? [NCERT Exemplar]

Sol. Case 1: Lift is stationary

Given: The initial speed of the ball is 49 m/s and the life is stationery.
The second equation of motion is given as,
1
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
Where 𝑠 is the displacement of the ball, 𝑢 is the initial velocity, 𝑡 is the time taken by the ball and 𝑎 is
the acceleration of the ball in the lift.
In this case, displacement is 𝑂 since the ball comes back to the boy who is standing on the stationary
lift.
By substituting the given values in the above equation, we get
1
𝑂 = 49 × 𝑡 − × 9.8 × 𝑡 2
2
Thus, the time taken by the ball to return to the boy’s hands when the lift is stationary is 10 s.
Case 2: The lift is moving a uniform velocity of 5 m/s
The lift is moving with a uniform velocity of 5 m/s in the upward direction which means there is no
acceleration in the lift. So in this case also, the relative speed of the ball with respect to the boy remains
the same that is 49 m/s. Therefore, the time taken by the ball to return to the boy’s hand will same as
in case I.
Thus, the time taken by the ball to return to the boy’s hands when the lift is stationary is 10 s.

Q9. A drunkard walking in a narrow lane takes 5 steps forward and 3 steps backward, followed again by 5
steps forward and 3 steps backward, and so on. Each step is 1 m long and requires 1 s. Plot the 𝑥 − 𝑡
graph of his motion. Determine graphically and otherwise how long the drunkard takes to fall in a pit
13 m away from the start.

Sol. Distance covered with 1 step = 1 m

Time taken = 1 s
Time taken to move first 5 m forward = 5 s
Time taken to move 3 m backward = 3 s
Net distance covered = 5 – 3 = 2m
Net time taken to cover 2 m = 8 s

APNI KAKSHA 12
 Drunkard covers 2 m in 8 s.
Drunkard covered 4 m in 16 s.
Drunkard covered 6 m in 24 s.
Drunkard covered 8 m in 32 s.
In the next 5 s, the drunkard will cover a distance of 5 m and a total distance of 13 m and fall into the
pit.
Net time taken by the drunkard to cover 13 m = 32 + 5 = 37 s
The x-t graph of the drunkard’s motion can be shown as:

Q10. A car moving along a straight highway with a speed of 126 𝑘𝑚 ℎ−1 is brought to a stop within a distance
of 200 m. What is the retardation of the car (assumed uniform), and how long does it take for the car
to stop?

Sol. We have,
Initial velocity of the car (u) = 126 km/hr = 35 m/s
Distance travelled by the car before it comes to rest (s) = 200 m
Final velocit
y of the car (v) = 0 (Since, it’s at rest)
Now, using the 3rd equation of motion,
𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 = 2𝑎𝑠
𝑎 = (𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 )/2𝑠
(0 − 352 ) 1225
= =− = −3.06 𝑚/𝑠 2
(2 × 200) 400
The retardation of the car is 3.06 𝑚/𝑠 2
Let’s assume the time taken by the car to come to rest as 𝑡 sec
Using the 1st equation of motion, we have
𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
0 = 35 − 3.06 × 𝑡
35
𝑡= = 11.43 𝑠𝑒𝑐
3.06

Ab Phod do !!!!
APNI KAKSHA 13