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Laboratory Technology 2.4 Sampling and Sample Preparation: D. Random C. Separatory Funnel
Laboratory Technology 2.4 Sampling and Sample Preparation: D. Random C. Separatory Funnel
TEST BANK
ROSELYN USERO
LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
11. The size of the sample taken for analysis depends on the concentration of the
a. analyte
b. equipment to be used
c. specific tests
d. All of the above
13. The maximum holding time for acid preserved samples that will be subjected to determination of
metals is
a. 3 months c. 6 months
b. 1 week d. 48 hours
14. A fraction of the sample actually used in the final laboratory analysis.
a. composite sample c. laboratory sample
b. sub-sample d. a, b and c
15. A change in the analytical signal caused by anything in the sample other than analyte.
a. matrix effect c. absorbance
b. interference d. transmittance
19. When samples cannot be dried because they decompose at the temperatures necessary to drive off the
water, the samples can be analyzed as
a. wet basis
b. dry basis
c. received basis
d. All of the above
20. Organic components in solid samples are extracted from the matrix by continuously washing
the solid with a volatile solvent in a specialized piece of glassware
a. Soxhlet extraction
b. Ultrasonic extraction
c. Filtration
d. Rotary evaporation
21. In liquid-liquid extraction, it is often necessary to determine which liquid is aqueous and which
liquid is nonaqueous. To test the liquids, add a drop of water to the top layer. If the drop
dissolves
in the top layer, the top layer is
a. nonaqueous
b. aqueous
c. miscible
d. denser
22. It is important to discard containers that are scratched or abraded on their interior surfaces. The
internal surface area of a container, whether used for sample preparation or storage, may cause
loss of
a. matrix
b. analyte
c. weight
d. ash
23. Process by which a sample population is reduced in size to an amount of homogeneous material
that can be conveniently handled in the lab in which the composition is representative of the
population.
a. selection
b monitoring
c. sampling
d. segregation
24. As a general rule, the error in sampling and the sample preparation portion of an analytical
procedure is considerably higher than that in the
a. methodology
b treatment
c. preservation
d. subsampling
25. Locating the adulterated portion of the lot for sampling is an example of
a. random sampling
b. selective sampling
c. composite sampling
d. stratified sampling
26. Homogenization during sample preparation can be achieved using mechanical devices (e.g.,
grinders, mixers, slicers, blenders), enzymatic methods (e.g., proteases, cellulases, lipases) or
chemical methods (e.g., strong acids, strong bases, detergents).
a. mechanical devices (mixers, blenders, etc.)
b enzymatic methods
c. chemical methods
d. All of the above
27. Glass container is not suitable for
a. inorganic trace analyses
b. oil and grease determination
c. microbiological analyses
d. all of the above
27. To increase/decrease analyte concentration, pre-concentration is needed for almost all trace
analysis, ________ is used for the analysis of highly contaminated samples so the
concentration
falls within the calibration range.
a. centrifugation
b. separation
c. dilution
d. none of the above
28. Chemical derivatization is used to increase or decrease volatility for _________ analysis
a. AAS
b. GC and HPLC
c. PCR
d. none of the above
28. Acid digestion via hot-plate digestion or microwave-assisted is one way of sample preparation
in the analysis of
a. Total metal
b. Bioactive compounds
c. Alcohols
d. Sugars
29. GFAA (Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption) do not use HCl since Cl- interferes. Diluted
______ acid is used.
a. Phosphoric Acid
b. Acetic acid
c. Nitric Acid
d. Sulfuric Acid
30. Partitioning of analytes between water phase and organic phase
a. Liquid-liquid extraction
b. Soli phase extraction
c. Ultrasonic extraction
d. Pressured Fluid Extraction (PFE)
1. Calculate the equivalent weight and normality for a solution of 6.0 M H 3PO4 given the following
reactions:
(a) H3PO4(aq) + 3OH–(aq) PO43–(aq) + 3H2O(l)
(b) H3PO4(aq) + 2NH3(aq) HPO42–(aq) + 2NH4+(aq)
(c) H3PO4(aq) + F (aq)
–
H2PO4–(aq) + HF(aq)
2. What is the molality of solution made by dissolve 25 g of NaCl in to 2.0 Liter of water. Assume
the density of water d = 1.0 g/mL (= kg/L).
a. 0.210 m
b. 0.250 m
c. 0.211 m
d. 0.214 m
3. The amounts of all constituents in the samples were determined
a. Complete (or ultimate) analysis
b. Partial analysis
c. Elemental analysis
d. All of the above
4. Implies that the constituent determined was present in high concentration
a. Trace analysis
b. Macro analysis
c. Elemental analysis
d. All of the above
5. Quantitative chemicall analysis of weighing a sample, usually of a separated and dried precipitate.
a. Titrimetric analysis
b. Volumetric analysis
c. Gravimetric analysis
d. Elemental analysis
6. A chemical grade of highest purity and meets or exceeds purity standards set by American
Chemical Society
a. Technical grade
b. Laboratory grade
c. Pure or practical grade
d. ACS grade
7. Which of the following is a primary standard for use in standardizing bases?
a. Ammonium hydroxide
b. Sulfuric acid
c. Acetic acid
d. Potassium hydrogen phthalate
8. How would you prepare 500.0 mL of 0.2500 M NaOH solution starting from a concentration of
1.000 M?
a. Transfer 125 mL from initial solution (1.000 M) and complete with solvent to 500.0
mL.
b. Transfer 121 mL from initial solution (1.000 M) and complete with solvent to 500.0
mL.
c. Transfer 122 mL from initial solution (1.000 M) and complete with solvent to 500.0
mL.
d. Transfer 112 mL from initial solution (1.000 M) and complete with solvent to 500.0
mL.
9. A student performs five titrations and obtains a mean result of 0.110 M, with a standard
deviation of 0.001 M. If the actual concentration of the titrated solution is 0.100 M, which of the
following is true about the titration results?
a. Accurate but not precise
b. Precise but not accurate
c. Both accurate and precise
d. Neither accurate nor precise
10. How many grams of Sodium Persulfate (Na2S2O8) required to prepare a 1 L solution of Sodium
Persulfate with concentration of 10% (w/v). This solution is widely used as oxidizing reagent for
Total Organic Carbon analyzer (TOC).
a. 100 g of Sodium Persulfate
b. 101 g of Sodium Persulfate
c. 102 g of Sodium Persulfate
d. 99 g of Sodium Persulfate
11. A solution has been prepared by transfer 60 mL from Ortho-phosphoric acid 85 % (v/v) H3PO4
and dilute to 1.0 L, what is the concentration of the new solution.
a. 10.10%
b. 9.25%
c. 12.2%
d. 5.10%
12. A student has got three stock standard solutions of 3 different elements, zinc (Zn) 2000 ppm,
cadmium (Cd) 1500 ppm and lead (Pb) 1000 ppm. A student took 10 mL from each solution
and transfers it to 200 mL volumetric flask then completed to total volume with solvent. What
is the final concentration of each element in the diluted mix solution?
a. 50 ppm Zinc, 32 ppm Cd, 25 ppm Pb
b. 100 ppm Zinc, 75 ppm Cd, 50 ppm Pb
c. 75 ppm Zinc, 75 ppm Cd, 50 ppm Pb
d. 100 ppm Zinc, 25 ppm Cd, 25 ppm Pb
13. Bidirectional harpoons or double arrows (⇆) should be used to indicate ________ reactions
a. one sided
b. resonance
c. dynamic
d. reversible
14. In the preparation of 1 liter of 1.0 N acid from 35% Hydrochloric Acid, what weight of the impure
acid should be taken, assuming standardization in the recommended manner?
18. Used to measure volumes approximately, typically with errors of several percent except for one.
a. Beakers
b. pipettes
c. reagent bottles
d. graduated cylinders
19. Nitrate (NO3-) anion solution prepared by dissolving 3.0 g of KNO3 in 250 mL of water. What
is the concentration of Nitrate ion, express the concentration in Molarity and ppm.
a. 0.1187 M, 7359.05 ppm
b. 0.1190 M, 7349.05 ppm
c. 0.1107 M, 7459.00 ppm
d. 0.1120 M, 7400.00 ppm
20. The number of formula mass of any solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution
a. formality
b. normality
c. molality
d. molarity
21. A 0.217 g sample of HgO (molar mass = 217 g) reacts with excess iodide ions according to
the reaction. Titration of the resulting solution requires how many mL of 0.10 M HCl to reach
equivalence point? HgO + 4 I− + H2O →HgI4 2- + 2 OH−
a. 1.0 mL
b. 10 mL
c. 20 mL
d. 50 mL
22. If the theoretical yield for a reaction was 156 grams and I actually made 122 grams of the
product, what is my percent yield?
a. 78.2%
b. 128%
c. 19.0%
d. none of these
23. The method of standardization can be used if a _______________ reacts quantitatively with the
reagent needed in the standard solution.
a. primary standard
b. secondary standard
c. working standards
d. intermediate solution
24. You have a stock solution of 15.8 M HNO3. How many mL of this solution should you dilute
using only a graduated pipette to make 100.0 mL of .250 M HNO3?
a. 1.58
b. 1.582
c. 1.50
d. 1.583
26. If 56.0 g of Li reacts with 56.0 g of N2, 93.63 grams of Li3N can be produced. How many grams
of Nitrogen remains? What is the limiting reactant?
a. 19.3 g; Nitrogen
b. 18.3 g N; Lithium
c. 20.3 g N; none
d. 18.39 ; Lithiumg
27. HCl cannot be considered to be a primary standard because of its gaseous form at room
temperature, but its solutions may be standardized against anhydrous ______.
a. NaSO4
b. NaHCO3
c. Na2CO3
d. All of the above
28. When making a solution from a solid reagent, if necessary, dry the solid reagent on a clean, oven
dried, watch glass at 105 ºC for 2 hours and cool it in a desiccator.
a. 121 ºC
b. 105 ºC
c. 80 ºC
d. 118 ºC
29. Requirements of a primary standards.
a. High Purity, 99.9% or better
b. Stability in air
c. Absence of hydrate water
d. All of the above
30. Blank samples are prepared so that you have a measure of the amount that needs always to be
added to or subtracted from the end point to achieve the ________point.
a. titration error
b. equivalence
c. accuracy
d. precision
LEILANI CRUCERO
31. Property which depends on the number of particles dissolved in a given mass of solvent.
a. vapor pressure lowering
b. boiling point elevation
c. freezing point depression
d. all of the above
32. Boiling occur if the vapor pressure of the liquid is less than the atmospheric pressure.
a. True
b. False
c. not all the time
d. Always
33. What is the relationship between the temperature and the solubility of a solid in a liquid?
a. directly proportional
b. inversely proportional
c. no relationship
d. geometric
34. What is boiling point elevation?
a. it is the difference between the boiling points of a pure solvent and a solution
b. it is the sum of the boiling points of a pure solvent and a solution
c. it is the difference between the boiling points of a pure solute and a pure solvent
d. it is the boiling point of a solution
35. A membrane that allows the passage of solvent molecules through but not solute molecules is
called
a. animal membrane
b. semipermeable membrane
c. permeable membrane
d. plant membrane
36. The excess pressure required to stop the flow and keep the solution in equilibrium with the pure
solvent is
a. partial pressure
b. vapor pressure
c. osmotic pressure
d. atmospheric pressure
37. The separation of a mixture of substances into pure components on the basis of their differing
solubilities is
a. fractional distillation
b. vacuum crystallization
c. vacuum distillation
d. fractional crystallization
38. Which has a lower freezing point?
a. water
b. NaCl
c. NaCl solution
d. all of the above
39. The reactant which is present in the smallest stoichiometric amount and which limits the amount
of product that can be formed in a reaction is
a. the limiting reagent
b. the reagent with the least number of grams
c. the excess reagent
d. the reagent with the most number of grams
40. Which of the following hastens the rate of solution?
a. pulverization
b. scratching the sides of the container
c. seeding
d. cooling
41. A polar solute usually dissolves in a polar solvent and a nonpolar solute usually
dissolves in a nonpolar solvent. This is
a. the solubility rule
b. the “like dissolves like” rule
c. Henry’s law
d. Hund’s rule
42. A solution is _______ if more solute can dissolve in it.
a. saturated
b. supersaturated
c. unsaturated
d. concentrated
43. The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a definite amount of solvent to produce a
stable system at a specified temperature is called
a. dilution
b. solubility
c. saturation
d. concentration
44. The normality of a solution is always _______ the molarity.
a. greater than or equal to
b. greater than
c. less than or equal to
d. less than
45. Which of the following concentration units is independent of temperature?
a. molarity
b. normality
c. molality
d. percent volume
A solution contains 34.0% by mass HClO4 (100.45). It has a density of 1.242 g/ml.
The recommended procedure for preparing a very dilute solution is not to weigh out a very small mass or
measuring a very small volume of a stock solution. Instead it is done by a series of dilutions. A sample of
0.8214 g of KMnO4 (158.04) was dissolved in water and made up to the volume in a 500-ml volumetric
flask. A 2.000-ml sample of this solution was transferred to a 1000-ml volumetric flask and diluted to the
mark with water. Next, 10.00 ml of the diluted solution were transferred to a 250-ml flask and diluted to
the mark with water.
9. Objects cannot be weighed when hot or warm. But if you were to take a sample out and wait for
it to cool it would pick up moisture like that so put it in ________.
a. an oven
b. a dessicator
c. at room temperature
d. fumehood
10. Weighing to constant weight means a weighing difference of ±0.1mg using a calibrated
analytical balance.
a. ±1.0 mg
b. ±0.01g
c. ±0.01mg
d. ±0.1mg
11. The following are common desiccants except for _______
a. Calcium Sulfate
b. Ammonium Acetate
c. Calcium Chloride
d. Magnesium Oxide
12. During ignition for ashing, muffle furnaces that go up to 1100 oC are used primarily for this and
________ is needed to contain the sample.
a. porcelain crucible
b. evaporating dish
c. beaker
d. all of the above
13. In making standard solutions, ______ are used for measuring liquid with high accuracy.
a. beakers
b. volumetric flasks
c. Erlenmeyer flasks
d. Nesslers Tubes
14. Used for distillation or heating of liquids, allows uniform heating.
a. round bottom flask
b. Erlenmeyer flask
c. test tube
d. Florence flask
15. Most popular burettes are 10 mL, 25 mL and 50 mL types. Which has the highest resolution?
a. 25 mL
b. 10 mL
c. 50 mL
d. All of the above
16. Used for vacuum filtration using filter paper.
a. gooch crucible
b. Buchner funnel
c. rotary evaporator
d. rubber aspirator
17. In chromatography, ________ is carried out on glass plates or strips of plastic or metal coated
on one side with a thin layer of adsorbent.
a. HPLC
b. GC
c. Paper Chromatography
d. Thin Layer Chromatography
18. The nominal volume of water (or mercury) contained, or delivered by an article of volumetric
glassware, at its reference temperature.
a. capacity
b. liter
c. mL
d. uL
19. In verification of laboratory glassware, ________ is usually measured in terms of the tolerance,
which is the uncertainty in a measurement made with the glassware. Class A volumetric
glassware has a lower tolerance than Class B.
a. mean
b. accuracy
c. difference
d. precision
20. Glass apparatus that are generally received with calibration certificates from suppliers.
a. Class B
b. Class A
c. Erlenmeyer flasks
d. Beakers
1. All proteins absorb electromagnetic radiation of wavelength around 190 nm, which corresponds
to a excitation in the protein molecule. In which region of the spectrum is this wavelength found?
a. X-ray
b. ultraviolet
c. Visible
d. Infrared
2. Chromatography is used to
a. Separate two or more compounds based on their polarities.
b. Separate two or more compounds based on their masses.
c. Separate two or more compounds based on how strongly they interact with other
compounds.
d) all of the above.
3. A food scientist has a sample of a plantoil and wants to determine if the oil contains saturated or
unsaturated fatty acids. Which of the following spectroscopic techniques would be most
useful for this purpose?
a.ultraviolet spectroscopy
b.visible spectroscopy
c.infrared spectroscopy
d.mass spectroscopy
4. The concentration at which the calibration curve departs from linearity by a specified amount.
a. Limit of Blank
b. Dynamic Range
c. Limit of Linearity
d. Limit of quantitation
5. A graphical representation of measuring signal as a function of quantity of analyte.
a. Calibration curve
b. Quality Control Chart
c. Absorbance Chart
d. None of the above
15. A graph showing the detectors response as a function of elution time : band’s shapes, position,
resolution
a. monitor display
b. quality control chart
c. calibration curve
d. chromatogram
16. The pH meter glass probe has two electrodes, one is a glass sensor electrode and the
other is a _______electrode.
a. reference
b. anode
c. cathode
d. none of the above
17. Conductivity could be determined using the distance between the electrodes and their surface area
using Ohm's law but, for accuracy, a calibration is employed using ____of well-known conductivity.
a. acid solution
b. basic solution
c. electrolytes
d. buffer solution
18. The electrical conductivity of water is directly related to the concentration of dissolved ionized
solids in the water or
a. Total Suspended Solids
b. Total Dissolved Solids
c. Volatile Solids
d. Total Solids
19. At 510 nm, the iron orthophenanthroline complex has a molar absorptivity of 1.2 x 104. What
is the concentration of iron (in ppm) in a solution which gives an absorbance of 0.002 in a
1.00-
cm path length cell?
a. 7.3 x 10-3 ppm
b.8.3 x 10-3 ppm
c. 9.3 x 10-3 ppm
d.6.3x 10-3 ppm
20. The light source used in the visible range to 340-1000 nm.
a.deuterium
b. nerst blower
c. tungsten
d.incandescent
21. The % T of a solution in a 2.00 cm cell is 50. Calculate the %T of this solution in a 1.0 cm cell
path length.
a. 71
b. 19
c. 27
d. 20
22. An air sampling canister was evacuated by the local fire dep’t and brought to the environmental lab
for analysis. It was said that the sample was taken very near the site where a rusty 55-gal drum was found
by some children. A reported unpleasant smell near the site was reported. Results of gravimetric analysis
of the gas in the canister: C – 40%, H- 6.7% , O – 53.33%. What is the liquid in the drum?
a. CH2O
b. CH3OH
c. CH3CH2O
d. none of the above
23. The light source used in the visible range to 340-1000 nm.
a.deuterium
b. nerst blower
c. tungsten
d.incandescent
24. The light source used in the visible range to 340-1000 nm.
a.deuterium
b. nerst blower
c. tungsten
d.incandescent
25. The light source used in the visible range to 340-1000 nm.
a.deuterium
b. nerst blower
c. tungsten
d.incandescent
26. A student has to measure out 9.40 mL of a liquid and selects a 100 mL graduated cylinder. To
improve the accuracy of the measurement, it would be most
effective to: a. take the average of multiple measurements using the graduated cylinder.
b. measure the liquid using a 25 mL graduated cylinder instead.
c. estimate the measurement obtained from the graduated cylinder to an additional
significant figure.
d. measure the liquid using a 10 mL graduated pipette instead.
29. What is the [H3O+] of a 0.100 M solution of HCN at 25oC? Ka (HCN) = 4.0 x 10−10
A. 1.58 x 10−8 M
B. 2.00 x 10−5 M
C. 6.32 x 10−6 M
D. 4.00 x 10−11 M
30. A 0.200 M solution of an acid, HA, has a pH of 2.70 at 25oC. What is Ka for this acid?
A. 2.21 x 10−4
B. 4.55 x 10−6
C. 1.99 x 10−4
D. 2.00 x 10−5
31. What is the pH of a 0.52 M solution of CH3COONa at 25oC? Ka (CH3COOH) = 1.76 x 10−5
A. 9.23
B. 4.77
C. 9.37
D. 10.21
32. Acids and Bases Which statement is true?
a. The value of the equilibrium constant increases with the addition of a catalyst
b. A catalyst speeds up both the forward and reverse reaction rates
c. The greater the activation energy, the faster the rate of reaction.
d. A catalyst increases the rate of reaction by decreasing the number of collisions
33. The lining of the stomach contains cells that secrete a solution of HCl. Which drink would best
alleviate heartburn (excess acid in the stomach)?
a. milk, pH = 6.5
b. wine, pH = 3.8
c. diet soda, pH = 4.3
d. milk of magnesia, pH = 10.5
34. Which species are acting as Bronsted acids in the reaction below?
HSO4− (aq) + H2O(l) ⇄ H3O+ (aq) + SO4−2(aq)
a. H2O
b. H2O and H3O+
c. H2O and SO4−2
d. HSO4− and H3O+
35. Which equation correctly describes the relationship between K b and Ka for a conjugate acid/base pair?
a. Kb = Kw Ka
b. Kb = Ka / Kw
c. Kb = Kw / Ka
d. Kb = Ka + Kw
LEILANI L. CRUCERO
GASES
12. Water boils at a lower temperature such as on top of a mountain than at sea level. This illustrates
a. Boyle’s law
b. Charles’ law
c. Graham’s law
d. Avogadro’s law
13. What volume is occupied by 4.00 g of carbon dioxide, CO 2 (44.0) gas at a pressure of
0.976 atm and a temperature of 25.00C?
a. 0.191 L
b. 19.1 L
c. 2.28 L
d. 22.8 L
14. What is the molar mass of an unknown gas if 1.60 grams of that gas occupies a volume of
2.24 L at STP?
a. 16.0 g/mol
b. 35.8 g/mol
c. 81.0 g/mol
d. 160 g/mol
15. The volume of a certain gas sample is 235 ml when collected over water at a temperature of 25 0C and
a pressure of 698 mm Hg. What will be the volume of this gas when measured dry at standard
conditions? The vapor pressure of water at this temperature is 23.8 mm Hg.
a. 197 ml
b. 191 ml
c. 223 ml
d. 265 ml
16. The depletion of ozone, O3, in the stratosphere has been a matter of great concern among scientists in
recent years. It is believed that ozone can react with nitric oxide, NO, that is discharged from
high-altitude jet plane, the SST. The reaction is
O3 + NO → O2 + NO2
If 0.740 g of O3 reacts with 0.670 g of NO, how many grams of NO2 would be produced?
( O, 16.0; N, 14.0)
a. 0.0708 g
b. 0.1026 g
c. 0.708 g
d. 1.026 g
17. What is the limiting reagent in problem #16?
a. O3
b. O2
c. NO
d. NO2
18. What is the number of moles of the excess reagent remaining at the end of the reaction in problem
#16?
a. 0.0690
b. 0.690
c. 0.00069
d. 0.0069
19. Which of the following represents the largest gas pressure?
a. 1.0 atm
b. 1.0 Pa
c. 1.00 mm Hg
d. 1.0 KPa
20. The total volume of a average adult lungs when expanded is about 6 liters. Calculate the pressure of
oxygen inhaled if 0.05 mole of oxygen is needed to fully fill a pair of average adult lungs at a
normal body temperature of 370C.
a. 0.0253 atm
b. 2.58 atm
c. 0.212 atm
d. 0.308 atm
21. Molecular oxygen is highly soluble in the blood because
a. the hemoglobin molecule can bind up to four oxygen molecules
b. the solubility of oxygen is increased by the higher temperature of the body
c. pressure is increased inside the body
d. pressure inside the body is different outside of it
22. A fatal condition known as “bends” occurs when a diver ascends too quickly to the surface of the
water. This is due to
a. nitrogen in the blood boiling off rapidly as its partial pressure decreases, forming bubbles
in the blood
b. lack of oxygen in water at depths of more than 15 meters
c. the solubility of oxygen gas is very much decreased at greater depths
d. the solubility of oxygen decreases in the blood as the diver ascends
23. When water is heated in a beaker, bubbles of air form on the side of the glass before the water boils.
This shows that
a. the solubility of gases in water decreases with increasing temperature
b. the solubility of gases in water increases with increasing temperature
c. the solubility of gases in water decreases with decreasing temperature
d. the solubility of gases in water increases with decreasing temperature