Vehicle Accident Detection System

Shubh Shah1, Viresh Dhruv1, Vrutik Shah1, Zeel Patel1, Prof. Mrunalini Ingle2
1
U. G. Student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, D.J.Sanghvi College of Engineering, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai- 400056
2
Asst. Prof. of Electronics and Telecommunication Department, D.J.Sanghvi College of Engineering, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai- 400056

E-mail: 1shubhshah1503@gamil.com, 1vrutikshah51@gmail.com, 1vireshdhruv10@gmail.com, 1zeelpatel3001@gmail.com,

2
mrunalini.ingle@djsce.ac.in

Abstract: Speed is one of the introductory reasons for vehicle
accident. Numerous lives could have been saved if emergency
services could get accident information and reach in time.
This design deals with accident discovery system when the
accident occurs it uses factors and cautions the rescue team
for help. An effective automatic accident discovery with an
automatic announcement to the emergency service with the
accident position is a high need to save the precious mortal
life. The proposed system deals with accident waking and
discovery. The system will then send the accident location
acquired from the GPS along with the time and the speed by
utilizing the GSM network. This will help to reach the rescue
service in time and save the valuable human life. It reads the
exact latitude and longitude of the vehicle involved in the
accident and sends this information to nearest emergency
service provider. The thing of the design is to descry accidents
and warn the rescue team in time.
I. INTRODUCTION
The world is constantly changing, adapting, and evolving
with modern technology. Technological advancements
have made transportation much easier and faster. But a
growing issue is the increase in road accidents leading to
public health issues, loss of human life, and property. An
article published by World Health Organization (WHO) in
February 2020 states that the mortality rate is
approximately 1.35 million due to road accidents and 20 to
50 million people are disabled with non-fatal injuries.
More than 90 percent of the accidents occur in low and
middle-income countries and causing the death of children
and young adults aged 5-29 years. With such an increase in
fatality rate, it is essential to improve road safety in
developed and, most importantly, developing countries.
India is a developing country with a huge population which
results in a high frequency of road accidents causing loss
of lives and property. Many accidents happen because of
overspeeding, drunk driving, and violating traffic
regulations. The accidents that occur because of over-
speeding are fatal as the impact on the vehicle and on the
victims is high. Accidents that occur in deserted places
make it difficult to identify them and send a rescue team to
help. One of the major reasons for the loss of lives due to
vehicle accidents is that the victims couldn't get the help
they need in time. To save those lives and send the response
team to the location as quickly as possible, accident
detection and notification systems are being developed
with the latest technologies. Some of the work done to
reduce the mortality rate by road accidents includes both
accident prevention and detection systems.
The development of a transportation system has been the
generative power for human beings to have the highest
civilization above creatures in the earth. Automobile has a
great importance in our daily life. We utilize it to go to our
work place, keep in touch with our friends and family, and
deliver our goods. But it can also bring disaster to us and
even can kill us through accidents. Speed is one of the most
important and basic risk factors in driving. It not only
affects the severity of a crash, but also increases risk of
being involved in a crash.
Despite many efforts taken by different governmental and
non-governmental organizations all around the world by
various programs to aware against careless driving, yet
accidents are taking place every now and then. However,
many lives could have been saved if the emergency service
could get the crash information in time. A study by
Virtanen et al. shows that 4.6% of the fatalities in accidents
could have been prevented only if the emergency services
could be provided at the place of accident at the proper
time. As such, efficient automatic accident detection with
an automatic notification to the emergency service with the
accident location is a prime need to save the precious
human life.
Many researchers carried out their studies on accident
detection system. Traditional traffic accident prediction
uses long-term traffic data such as annual average daily
traffic and hourly volume. In contrast to traditional traffic
accident prediction, realtime traffic accident prediction
relates accident occurrences to real-time traffic data
obtained from various detectors such as induction loops,
infrared detector, camera etc. Real-time traffic accident
prediction focuses on the change of traffic conditions
before an accident occurrence, while traffic incident
detection studies are concerned with the change of traffic
conditions after an incident occurrence. However, the
performance of these detection and prediction system is
greatly restricted by the number of monitoring sensor,
available fund, algorithms used to confirm an accident,
weather, traffic flow etc.
Besides the automatic detection system, manual incident
detection methods detects the accident from the motorist
report, transportation department or public crews report,
aerial surveillance or close circuit camera surveillance. The
drawback of this type of detection system is that someone
has to witness the incident. Moreover, there are delays and
inaccuracies due to the expression problem of the witness.
Compared to these detection method, driver initiated
incident detection system has more advantages which
includes the quick reaction, more incident information etc.
However, with the severity of the accident, driver may not
be able to report at all. Conventional built-in automatic
accident detection system utilizes impact senor or the car
airbag senor to detect an accident and GPS to locate the
accident place.
The main technology used in this system to detect location
coordinates is GPS (Global Positioning System), which is
a system built using satellites to track the position of an
object using Longitude coordinates, and latitude received
using a GPS-signal receiver. The representation of this data
itself can be made more attractive using a map such as
Google Maps. GPRS is an option that offers a wide
coverage area, especially in Indonesia. Based on the
consideration of the production cost of this system, GPRS
is used to connect the hardware embedded in the vehicle to
the user.
Most of the accidents will happen especially at high ways
or outskirts, most of the time there will be no helping hands
to take the Victim to the hospital, or to send accident
information to the nearest ambulance, police authority, or
Victim's home at the right time so eventually, the death rate
is increasing due to two-wheeler accidents. 60% of these
deaths are caused due to deficiency of proper emergency
medical facilities within golden hour of incident of
accident which is termed as the golden hour. By using the
latest technologies via IoT with the assistance of digital
controllers and sensors we can solve this problem. Before
that it is better to understand about types of road accidents
based on the severity of the accident. Majorly there are two
different cases, one is after the accident, the bike is
damaged, and the Victim is safe and another one is after
the accident, the bike is damaged and the Victim is
unconscious. The possibility of case1 is unusual, even
though the bike is fully damaged after the accident, the
person is conscious enough with small injuries. In such
situations, the Victim will be in the need of first aid so the
Victim may not require services like ambulance, police,
etc. In Case2, after the accident, the bike may or may not
be damaged, but the Victim will be in serious condition. In
such situations or in unconscious state and the vehicle may
or may not be damaged, then the Victim will not be in a
state to take care of themselves, and there is a possibility
that the public may not help the Victim to save his / her
life. Due to lack of treatment within golden time, the
Victim can lose his/her life. In this situation, the Victim
needs services like police, ambulance, etc. Now a day IoT
is a trending technology so by using IoT, we can solve the
problems of both cases. Hence the complete proposal is
based on IoT. Arduino Nano is cost-effective, so it is used
in the design phase and embedded C Programming is used
for better accuracy; it acts as a vital role in the system to
connect people, processes, and data. The capacity to
transfer data over a network with no necessity of human-
to-human or human-to-computer communication and to
establish the connection between the victim and desired
services which help to save the Victim's life. The key motto
of the proposal is to locate the accident spot with the help
of GPS and To send SMS notifications through GSM based
on the Victim's need to give essential treatment in time for
the Victim to save his/her life. The system provides the
optimal solution to unfortunate emergency facilities.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Md. Syedul Amin, Jubayer Jalil, M.B.I.Reaz, Accident
Detection and Reporting System using GPS,GPRS and
GSM Technology, this paper proposes to utilize the
capability of a GPS receiver to monitor the speed of a
vehicle and detect an accident basing on the monitored
speed and send the location and time of the accident from
GPS data processed by a micro-Controller by using the
GSM network to the Alert Service Centre.
Parag Parmar, Ashok M.Sapkal, Real time detection and
reporting of vehicle collision, this paper proposes to utilize
the capability of Accelerometer and Gyroscope to obtain
the data and detect an accident basing on the orientation
angle and orientation. Then send the location of the
accident from GPS data processed by a microController by
using the GSM network to the nearest hospital provided
over the network and alerts their family members too.
Gowshika B, MadhuMitha, G,Jayashree,Vehicle accident
detection system using GPS, GSM modem, this paper
proposes to utilize the capability of a Piezoelectric sensor
to detect an accident basing on the voltage produced by
collision and send the location and time of the accident
from GPS data processed by a micro-Controller by using
the GSM network to the Alert Service Centre.
Sayanee Nanda, Harshada Joshi, Smitha Khairnar, An IOT
Based Smart System for Accident Prevention and
Detection, The main objective of this paper is to propose a
system which can effectively help in preventing any kind
of mishaps and if such conditions occur then how it detects
and informs the concerned authorities and people, so that
the situation can be taken care of immediately. This system
detects accidents by vibration sensors, accelerometers. For
detection, we use GPS and GSM module which locates the
site of the accident and correspondingly informs the module are used for communication between the modules
person's near ones and nearby hospitals through a text and the mobile phone.
message.

Dhruvesh H.Patel, Parth Sadatiya, Dhruvbhai K. Patel,

Prasann Barot, IoT based Obligatory usage of Safety
Equipment for Alcohol and Accident Detection, the
objective of this paper is to develop an innovative as well
as the novel project of "Obligatory usage of safety
equipment for alcohol and accident detection through IoT".
System is plan and implemented such a way that the two-
wheeler will not ignite until the rider wear safety
equipment (helmet) and pass an alcohol test, which will
help to solve the problem of drink and drive.
Figure (2) GSM Module

III. COMPONENTS
C. GPS Module:
A. Arduino Uno:
To find the location on the earth the whole is divided into
Arduino UNO: Arduino is an open source microcontroller
some coordinates where the location can be easily captured
that is easily programmable and it can be erased and
by a module called GPS module. Here the GPS used is
reprogrammed again. It also acts as minicomputer just like
NEO-6M. This GPS module will find the location of the
other microcontrollers from which input can be taken and
vehicle and the information fetched by the GPS receiver is
output can be controlled for many sending information
received through the coordinates and the received data is
over the internet. Arduino development board is used as
first send to Arduino and the information is transmitted to
hardware by Arduino UNO and Arduino IDE (Integrated
the saved contact through GSM module. The frequency is
Development Environment) which is a software for
operated in the range of 1575.42 MHz and the output of
developing code is used. C and C++ programs are used so
GPS module is in NMEA format which includes data like
that the microcontrollers are easily programmable.
location in real time.
Arduino has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6
provides PWM output) and the microcontroller which is
used is ATmega328.

Figure(3) GPS Module

Figure (1) Arduino UNO
D. Accelerometer:

An accelerometer is an electromechanical device that will

B. GSM Module: measure acceleration force. It shows acceleration, only due
to cause of gravity i.e. g force. It measures acceleration in
For providing communication between the GPS, GSM and
g unit. The ADXL335 gives complete 3-axis acceleration
the allocated mobile number GSM SIM900 module is
measurement. This module measures acceleration within
preferred. The name SIM900 says that, it is a tri band work
range ±3 g in the x, y and z axis. The output signals of this
ranging a frequency of 900MHz to 1900 MHz such as
module are analog voltages that are proportional to the
EGSM900 MHz, PCS 1900 MHz and DSC 100 MHz
acceleration. It contains a polysilicon surface-micro
Receiving pin of GSM module and transmitting pin of GPS
machined sensor and signal conditioning circuitry.

Figure(4) Accelerometer
E. LCD Display:
The operating voltage for the LCD Display is between
4.7V to 5.3V. It has a current consumption of 1mA.The
LCD module operates in 8-bit and 4-bit mode. The pin
configuration of LCD Display is as follows LED Negative,
LED Positive, Data pins from 0-7, R/W, RS, VEE, Vcc and
GND.
Figure(5) LCD Display
F. Buzzer:
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which
may be mechanical, electromechanical,
or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers
and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and
confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or
keystroke. While buzzers seem to be impractical and
undesirable due to the technological advancements, there
are still instances in which buzzers and similar circuits may
be used. Present day applications include ovens and
microwave, electrical alarms, judging panels, electronic
metronomes, car parkings etc.
Figure(6) Buzzer
IV. SOFTWARE
A.Arduino IDE:
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment
(IDE) is a prototyping platform enabling user to make
different types of devices. It is a cross-platform
application for Windows, macOS, Linux which is written
in functions from C and C++. This IDE is used to write
and upload programs to Arduino compatible boards.
With the help of 3rd party cores, the programs can be put
on other vendor development boards also. It is open
source software that is used for writing and compiling the
code in the Arduino. It is an official Arduino software,
which makes code compilation simple, even a common
person with no prior technical knowledge can get their
feet wet with the learning process.
V. OBJECTIVE
The objective is to overcome accidents by monitoring any
change in the speed of the vehicle whereas the
accelerometer can detect the fall. The Arduino is the major
control unit to detect or alert when an accident occurs. It
collects the data from the accelerometer, GPS, GSM
modules and reflects the output. The accidental detection
and alert system are designed to detect the accidents and
alert rescue team in time. Arduino is major control unit to
communicate between devices when an accident occurs,
which helps in transferring messages to different devices
in the system. Receiving pin of GSM module and
transmitting pin of GPS module are used to
communication. GPS module will find the location of the
vehicle and the information is fetched by the receiver
through the coordinates and the received data is sent to
Arduino and the alert to rescue team by GSM module. The
accelerometer and gyroscope detect the accident
occurrence by the reading produced by the movements of
the vehicle. This will reach the rescue service in time and
save lives
VI. PROPOSED DESIGN
Arduino UNO is used as controlling unit, communicating
between modules for better information transformation at
time. Arduino UNO is used as controlling unit, it reads the
values from accelerometer. If Arduino observes any drastic
change in the speed of the vehicle. It reads the current
location from GPS module and sends it to the mobile
number through SMS by using GSM module.
Accelerometer detects if there is any sudden change in any
of the axes of vehicle. Accelerometer can also be used for
detecting the collision direction from tri-lateral axis
movements. Within of limited time of buzzer signal, the
GPS module collects the coordinates from Google Maps.
These co-ordinates of vehicle are use to alert nearby
hospitals or emergency services for rescue call of
passenger. The hospital approves the accident by verifying 5. If the data recorded is in the threshold range of
the accident at specified location and confirms the Accelerometer than system goes to step 2
accident. At the same time of accident, the registered
personal phone numbers of family and friends are informed 6. Above steps are repeated till the journey is not
regarding the accident through GSM module. Monitoring completed
the speed of the vehicle and detecting if there is any sudden
drop in the speed of the vehicle. Before sending the SMS
Arduino activates the buzzer, after thirty seconds of
beeping it goes off and the SMS will be sent. But if the
passenger is not in danger, he can press the “I am okay”
button. This is done to prevent the situations where it
would it lead false accident rescue.

Fig. 7 Block Diagram

At start the hardware of the system will be initialised and

it takes the reading from sensors and hardware connected
every second. If the reading overcomes the threshold
reading of sensors like accelerometer then Arduino sends
the GPS co-ordinates to emergency dial via GSM.
Emergency dialler checks the coordinates at portal and
contacts the nearby hospitals for emergency need and waits Fig. 8 Flowchart
for its approval. After the approval from hospital, the
rescue team reaches the location of accident and upon
confirmation it informs their family members. This system
is most useful in remote areas where population and
VII. IMPLEMENTATION
services are not enough, implanting this system in such
areas will be very helpful for the victim. Arduino UNO is used as controlling unit, communicating
between GSM AND GPS modules for better information
Steps
transformation at time. Accelerometer can be used for
1. As soon as the vehicle is started the system is on detecting the collision from tri-lateral axis. Due to change
in axis during the collision the value is accelerometer is not
2. The system gets the accelerated data. in the threshold range. Also, a buzzer is used for notifying
3. If the data record is not in the threshold range of the people in the surrounding which can help in evacuation.
The GPS module collects the coordinates and emergency
Accelerometer than GPS co-ordinate are recorded and
emergency message is sent using GSM message is sent. The GSM module send emergency rescue
call to the number in the system. With help of this family
4. A buzzer is used for notifying nearby person. member and others are informed about the accident.
It is a user-friendly device. The user has the facility to
update details of him and emergency contacts. The user has
the facility to abort the emergency dial to responder by
using control switch.
Fig. 9 Use Case Diagram
The user has the facility to update details of him and
emergency contacts. The user has the facility to abort the
emergency dial to responder by using control switch. The
dialler/responder is the one who awaits for the accident
alert designed from the system.
Fig.10 Arduino Connections
VIII. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
A system to detect an event of accident has been
developed. The proposed system deals with accident
alerting and detection. It reads the exact latitude and
longitude of the vehicle involved in the accident and sends
this information to nearest emergency service provider.
Arduino helps in transferring the message to different
devices in the system. Accelerometer monitors the accident
happening direction and gyroscope is used to determine
rollover of the vehicle. The information is transferred to the
registered number through GSM module. Using GPS, the
location can be sent through tracking system to cover the
geographical coordinates over the area.
IX. FUTURE SCOPE
The future scope of this system can have some
improvisation using a wireless webcam at the back of the
vehicle for capturing the images which will help in
providing driver`s assistance. This can also be bettered by
locking all the brakes automatically in case of accident.
Mostly in accidents, it becomes serious as the drivers lose
control and fails to stop the vehicle. In such cases, the
vibration sensor will be triggered because of the vibrations
received and also processed by the processor. The
processor has to be linked to the devices which can lock
the brakes when triggered. With this improvement, we can
stop the vehicle and can weaken the impact of the accident.
One can also design app to monitor the exact situation of
vehicle. This system can be modified to help people during
accidents in many different circumstances. This system can
also be utilized in fleet management, food services, traffic
violation cases, rental vehicle services etc.
X. SOCIAL IMPACT
The proposed system contributes to decreasing death rate
caused by accidents. It detects the accidents occurred with
the help of proposed methodology, It also fetches the
location of the accident using GPS module and sends the
alert message using GSM module to the medical
emergency which can get to the location of accident in time
which can also save lives of people. By this feature the
death rate caused by accidents can be reduced.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This project and technical paper was greatly supported by
Prof. Mrunalini Pimpale. Her appropriate mentoring and
total guidance helped us at every stage of this project and
this paper would not have been possible without her
valuable contributions. We thank our colleagues who
provided insight and expertise that greatly contributed to the
research and helped us with the entire process.
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