The world is constantly changing, adapting, and evolving with modern technology.

Technological
advancements have made transportation much easier and faster. But a growing issue is the increase in
road accidents leading to public health issues, loss of human life, and property. An article published by
World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020 states that the mortality rate is approximately 1.35
million due to road accidents and 20 to 50 million people are disabled with non-fatal injuries. More than
90 percent of the accidents occur in low and middle-income countries and causing the death of children
and young adults aged 5-29 years. With such an increase in fatality rate, it is essential to improve road
safety in developed and, most importantly, developing countries. India is a developing country with a
huge population which results in a high frequency of road accidents causing loss of lives and property.
Many accidents happen because of overspeeding, drunk driving, and violating traffic regulations. The
accidents that occur because of overspeeding are fatal as the impact on the vehicle and on the victims is
high. Accidents that occur in deserted places make it difficult to identify them and send a rescue team to
help. One of the major reasons for the loss of lives due to vehicle accidents is that the victims couldn't
get the help they need in time. To save those lives and send the response team to the location as quickly
as possible, accident detection and notification systems are being developed with the latest
technologies. Some of the work done to reduce the mortality rate by road accidents includes both
accident prevention and detection systems.

The development of a transportation system has been the generative power for human beings to have
the highest civilization above creatures in the earth. Automobile has a great importance in our daily life.
We utilize it to go to our work place, keep in touch with our friends and family, and deliver our goods.
But it can also bring disaster to us and even can kill us through accidents. Speed is one of the most
important and basic risk factors in driving. It not only affects the severity of a crash, but also increases
risk of being involved in a crash. Despite many efforts taken by different governmental and non-
governmental organizations all around the world by various programs to aware against careless driving,
yet accidents are taking place every now and then. However, many lives could have been saved if the
emergency service could get the crash information in time. A study by Virtanen et al. shows that 4.6% of
the fatalities in accidents could have been prevented only if the emergency services could be provided
at the place of accident at the proper time. As such, efficient automatic accident detection with an
automatic notification to the emergency service with the accident location is a prime need to save the
precious human life. Many researchers carried out their studies on accident detection system.
Traditional traffic accident prediction uses long-term traffic data such as annual average daily traffic and
hourly volume. In contrast to traditional traffic accident prediction, realtime traffic accident prediction
relates accident occurrences to real-time traffic data obtained from various detectors such as induction
loops, infrared detector, camera etc. Real-time traffic accident prediction focuses on the change of
traffic conditions before an accident occurrence, while traffic incident detection studies are concerned
with the change of traffic conditions after an incident occurrence. However, the performance of these
detection and prediction system is greatly restricted by the number of monitoring sensor, available fund,
algorithms used to confirm an accident, weather, traffic flow etc. Besides the automatic detection
system, manual incident detection methods detects the accident from the motorist report,
transportation department or public crews report, aerial surveillance or close circuit camera
surveillance. The drawback of this type of detection system is that someone has to witness the incident.
Moreover, there are delays and inaccuracies due to the expression problem of the witness. Compared to
these detection method, driver initiated incident detection system has more advantages which includes
the quick reaction, more incident information etc. However, with the severity of the accident, driver
may not be able to report at all. Conventional built-in automatic accident detection system utilizes
impact senor or the car airbag senor to detect an accident and GPS to locate the accident place. The
main technology used in this system to detect location coordinates is GPS (Global Positioning System),
which is a system built using satellites to track the position of an object using Longitude coordinates, and
latitude received using a GPS-signal receiver. The representation of this data itself can be made more
attractive using a map such as Google Maps. GPRS is an option that offers a wide coverage area,
especially in Indonesia. Based on the consideration of the production cost of this system, GPRS is used to
connect the hardware embedded in the vehicle to the user. Most of the accidents will happen especially
at high ways or outskirts, most of the time there will be no helping hands to take the Victim to the
hospital, or to send accident information to the nearest ambulance, police authority, or Victim's home at
the right time so eventually, the death rate is increasing due to two-wheeler accidents. 60% of these
deaths are caused due to deficiency of proper emergency medical facilities within golden hour of
incident of accident which is termed as the golden hour. By using the latest technologies via IoT with the
assistance of digital controllers and sensors we can solve this problem. Before that it is better to
understand about types of road accidents based on the severity of the accident. Majorly there are two
different cases, one is after the accident, the bike is damaged, and the Victim is safe and another one is
after the accident, the bike is damaged and the Victim is unconscious. The possibility of case1 is unusual,
even though the bike is fully damaged after the accident, the person is conscious enough with small
injuries. In such situations, the Victim will be in the need of first aid so the Victim may not require
services like ambulance, police, etc. In Case2, after the accident, the bike may or may not be damaged,
but the Victim will be in serious condition. In such situations or in unconscious state and the vehicle may
or may not be damaged, then the Victim will not be in a state to take care of themselves, and there is a
possibility that the public may not help the Victim to save his / her life. Due to lack of treatment within
golden time, the Victim can lose his/her life. In this situation, the Victim needs services like police,
ambulance, etc. Now a day IoT is a trending technology so by using IoT, we can solve the problems of
both cases. Hence the complete proposal is based on IoT. Arduino Nano is cost-effective, so it is used in
the design phase and embedded C Programming is used for better accuracy; it acts as a vital role in the
system to connect people, processes, and data. The capacity to transfer data over a network with no
necessity of humanto-human or human-to-computer communication and to establish the connection
between the victim and desired services which help to save the Victim's life. The key motto of the
proposal is to locate the accident spot with the help of GPS and To send SMS notifications through GSM
based on the Victim's need to give essential treatment in time for the Victim to save his/her life. The
system provides the optimal solution to unfortunate emergency facilities.

To find the location on the earth the whole is divided into some coordinates where the location can be
easily captured by a module called GPS module. Here the GPS used is NEO-6M. This GPS module will find
the location of the vehicle and the information fetched by the GPS receiver is received through the
coordinates and the received data is first send to Arduino and the information is transmitted to the
saved contact through GSM module. The frequency is operated in the range of 1575.42 MHz and the
output of GPS module is in NMEA format which includes data like location in real time.
For providing communication between the GPS, GSM and the allocated mobile number GSM SIM900
module is preferred. The name SIM900 says that, it is a tri band work ranging a frequency of 900MHz to
1900 MHz such as EGSM900 MHz, PCS 1900 MHz and DSC 100 MHz Receiving pin of GSM module and
transmitting pin of GPS module are used for communication between the modules and the mobile
phone.

An accelerometer is an electromechanical device that will measure acceleration force. It shows

acceleration, only due to cause of gravity i.e. g force. It measures acceleration in g unit. The ADXL335
gives complete 3-axis acceleration measurement. This module measures acceleration within range ±3 g
in the x, y and z axis. The output signals of this module are analog voltages that are proportional to the
acceleration. It contains a polysilicon surface-micro machined sensor and signal conditioning circuitry

A system to detect an event of accident has been developed. The proposed system deals with accident
alerting and detection. It reads the exact latitude and longitude of the vehicle involved in the accident
and sends this information to nearest emergency service provider. Arduino helps in transferring the
message to different devices in the system. Accelerometer monitors the accident happening direction
and gyroscope is used to determine rollover of the vehicle. The information is transferred to the
registered number through GSM module. Using GPS, the location can be sent through tracking system to
cover the geographical coordinates over the area.

The future scope of this system can have some improvisation using a wireless webcam at the back of the
vehicle for capturing the images which will help in providing driver`s assistance. This can also be
bettered by locking all the brakes automatically in case of accident. Mostly in accidents, it becomes
serious as the drivers lose control and fails to stop the vehicle. In such cases, the vibration sensor will be
triggered because of the vibrations received and also processed by the processor. The processor has to
be linked to the devices which can lock the brakes when triggered. With this improvement, we can stop
the vehicle and can weaken the impact of the accident. One can also design app to monitor the exact
situation of vehicle. This system can be modified to help people during accidents in many different
circumstances. This system can also be utilized in fleet management, food services, traffic violation
cases, rental vehicle services etc.

This project and technical paper was greatly supported by Prof. Mrunalini Pimpale. Her appropriate
mentoring and total guidance helped us at every stage of this project and this paper would not have
been possible without her valuable contributions. We thank our colleagues who provided insight and
expertise that greatly contributed to the research and helped us with the entire process.

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or

piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and
confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. While buzzers seem to be impractical and
undesirable due to the technological advancements, there are still instances in which buzzers and similar
circuits may be used. Present day applications include ovens and microwave, electrical alarms, judging
panels, electronic metronomes, car parkings etc.

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a prototyping platform enabling user to make
different types of devices. It is a cross-platform application for Windows, macOS, Linux which is written
in functions from C and C++. This IDE is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible
boards. With the help of 3rd party cores, the programs can be put on other vendor development boards
also. It is open source software that is used for writing and compiling the code in the Arduino. It is an
official Arduino software, which makes code compilation simple, even a common person with no prior
technical knowledge can get their feet wet with the learning process

The objective is to overcome accidents by monitoring any change in the speed of the vehicle whereas
the accelerometer can detect the fall. The Arduino is the major control unit to detect or alert when an
accident occurs. It collects the data from the accelerometer, GPS, GSM modules and reflects the output.
The accidental detection and alert system are designed to detect the accidents and alert rescue team in
time. Arduino is major control unit to communicate between devices when an accident occurs, which
helps in transferring messages to different devices in the system. Receiving pin of GSM module and
transmitting pin of GPS module are used to communication. GPS module will find the location of the
vehicle and the information is fetched by the receiver through the coordinates and the received data is
sent to Arduino and the alert to rescue team by GSM module. The accelerometer and gyroscope detect
the accident occurrence by the reading produced by the movements of the vehicle. This will reach the
rescue service in time and save lives

Speed is one of the introductory reasons for vehicle accident. Numerous lives could have been saved if
emergency services could get accident information and reach in time. This design deals with accident
discovery system when the accident occurs it uses factors and cautions the rescue team for help. An
effective automatic accident discovery with an automatic announcement to the emergency service with
the accident position is a high need to save the precious mortal life. The proposed system deals with
accident waking and discovery. The system will then send the accident location acquired from the GPS
along with the time and the speed by utilizing the GSM network. This will help to reach the rescue
service in time and save the valuable human life. It reads the exact latitude and longitude of the vehicle
involved in the accident and sends this information to nearest emergency service provider. The thing of
the design is to descry accidents and warn the rescue team in time.