Handbook On Use of Thermo Vision Camera

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HANDBO
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USE OFF THERMO VISIO
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END USER : Electricall Maintenancce Staff
कैमटे क/ ई/
/16-17/ थम िवजन कैमरा/ / 1.0
CAMTECH/E E/16-17/Therm
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थम िवजन कैमरा के ूयोग पर हःतपु ःतका
HANDBOOK ON USE OF THERMO
VISION CAMERA
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QUALITY POLICY
“To develop safe, modern and cost effective
Railway Technology complying with Statutory
and Regulatory requirements, through
excellence in Research, Designs and Standards
and Continual improvements in Quality
Management System to cater to growing
demand of passenger and freight traffic on the
railways”.
ूाक्कथन
कसी दोष की ूार भक अवःथा में ही पहचान करके

फे योर को रोका जा सकता है जससे की कसी क पोनेंट के
खराब होने का पूवार्नुमान लग जाता है और कसी बड़े
ॄेकडाउन को समय पर टाला जा सकता है । थम माफी उन्नत
गैर िवनाशकारी परी ण तरीकों में से एक है ।
शे नों के िव सनीय एवं सुर त संचालन को सुिन त
करने के िलए थमर्ल इमे जंग एक उपयोगी उपकरण है जससे
अनुर ण की आवँयकताओं को समय से पूवर् ात कया जा
सकता है । यह कॉःट इफे क्टव भी होगा य द इस उपकरण की
सहायता से ॄेक डाउन को रोका जा सके।
कैमटे क ने थम िवजन कैमरा के ूयोग पर यह
हःतपु ःतका रे लवे में थमर्ल इमे जंग के उपयोग को बढ़ावा दे ने
के उ े ँय से िवषय पर जानकारी बढ़ाने के िलए बनाई गई है ।
मुझे िव ास है क यह पु ःतका उपयोगकतार्ओं के िलए
उपयोगी होगी।
कैमटे क, वािलयर ए.आर.तुपे

दनांक: 25 जुलाई, 2016 कायर्कारी िनदे शक
FOREWORD
The best way to prevent outages is to identify incipient

faults so that component failure can be predicted and major
break downs averted in time. Thermography is one of the
advanced non-destructive testing methods.
To ensure reliable and safe operation of trains, thermal

imaging is a useful tool to predict the maintenance requirement
in time. It will be cost effective if breakdowns are avoided with
the help of this instrument.
CAMTECH has prepared this handbook on “Use of

Thermo Vision Camera” with the objective to disseminate
knowledge on the subject to boost the use of thermal imaging
in Railways. I am sure that this handbook will be useful to the
users.
CAMTECH Gwalior A.R.Tupe

Date: 25th July, 2016 Executive Director
ूःतावना
कसी क पोनेंट की दशा जानने के िलए तापमान एक ूभावी
ल ण के तौर पर दे खा जा सकता है एवं िवधुत तथा यांिऽक उपकरणों के
ूभावी पूवार्नुमान अनुर ण के िलए उपयोगी संकेत होगा।
थम िवजन कैमरा के ूयोग पर यह हःतपु ःतका इं ृारे ड
रे डएशन एवं थम माफी िवषय पर ान ूसार करने के उ े ँय से बनाई गई
है । इं ृारे ड थम माफी िवधुत ःथापनाओं के पूवार्नुमान अनुर ण करने के
िलए बहुत उपयोगी है । इस तरह के िनरी ण करने वाले यि को ात
होना चा हए क थमर्ल इमे जंग कैमरा कैसे काम करता है और उससे
संब न्धत पिरभाषायें क्या है । यह सब जानकारी थमर्ल इमेजों को सही ढं ग
से समझने, उनका िव ेषण करने में सहायक होगी।
थमर्ल इमे जंग कैमरों के ओपरे शनल फंक्शनों एवं सॉ टवेयर
फीचरों को इस पु ःतका में नहीं िलया गया है क्यों क ये सभी िविभन्न
िनमार्ताओं एवं िविभन्न मॉडलों के िलए िभन्न-िभन्न होता है । अिधकांश
डाटा एवं जानकारी उपल ध सा ह य, ेऽ सव ण एवं इन्टरनेट खोज पर
आधािरत है ।
यह ःप कया जाता है क यह हःतपु ःतका रे वे बोडर्,
आर.डी.एस.ओ. अथवा ेऽीय रे वे ारा ूितपा दत कसी भी िनदशों को
सुपस ड (िवःथािपत) नहीं करती है । यह हःतपु ःतका केवल मागर्दशर्न हे तु
है एवं यह एक वैधािनक दःतावेज़ नहीं है ।
म कायर् ेऽ के उन सभी कमर्चािरयों का आभारी हूँ जन्होंने इस
हःतपु ःतका को बनाने में हमारी सहायता की। तकनीकी उनन्यनता और
सीखना एक सतत ू बया है अतः इस हःतपु ःतका में जोड़ने/ सुधारने के
िलए हमें िलखने में ःवतंऽ महसूस करें ।
कैमटे क, वािलयर पीयूष गु ा

दनांक : 25 जुलाई 2016 िनदे शक िवधुत
PREFACE
Temperature is considered as one of the effective sign
for the health of a component and key to effective predictive
maintenance of electrical and mechanical assets.
This handbook on “Use of Thermo Vision Camera” is
prepared with the objective to disseminate knowledge related
to infrared radiation & thermography. Infrared thermography is
very useful for the predictive maintenance of electrical
installations. A person engaged in carrying out such
inspections shall know how the thermal imaging camera works
and related terminology. All of this information will be useful
to understand, interpret and judge thermal images correctly.
The operational functions and software features for
thermal imaging camera have not been taken in this handbook
as these features differ from make to make and sometimes also
from model to model. Most of the data and information are
based on literature available, field survey and internet search.
It is clarified that this handbook does not supersede any
existing provisions laid down by RDSO or Railway
Board/Zonal Railways. This handbook is for guidance only
and it is not a statutory document.
I am sincerely thankful to all field personnel who
helped us in preparing this handbook. Technological up-
gradation & learning is a continuous process. Please feel free
to write us for any addition/ modification in this handbook.
CAMTECH, Gwalior Peeyoosh Gupta

Date:25th Jul y 2016 Director Electrical
िवषय सूची CONTENT
अ याय सं. िववरण ू सं.

Sr.No. Description Page No.
ूाक्कथन Foreword iii

भूिमका Preface iv
िवषय सूची Contents v
संशोधन पच Correction Slip vii
1.0 पिरचय INTRODUCTION 01
2.0 पूवार्नुमान अनुर ण के िलए इं ृारे ड थम माफी

INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY FOR
PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE 01
3.0 थम मा फक कैमरा THERMOGRAPHIC CAMERA 02
4.0 थम मा फक कैमरा की कायर्ूणाली

WORKING OF THERMOGRAPHIC CAMERA 03
5.0 थम माफी के लाभ

ADVANTAGES OF THERMOGRAPHY 05
6.0 इं ृारे ड थम मीटर v/s थमर्ल इमे जंग कैमरा

IR THERMO-METERS V/S THERMAL 06
IMAGING CAMERAS
7.0 इं ृारे ड ऊजार् एवं रे डयेशन

INFRARED ENERGY & RADIATION 07
8.0 थम मा फक कैमरा के ूकार

TYPES OF THERMOGRAPHIC CAMERA 09
8.1 अनकू ड थमर्ल कैमरा

Uncooled thermal cameras 09
8.2 कू ड थमर्ल कैमरा

Cooled thermal cameras 09
9.0 आर.डी.एस.ओ. िविश ता

RDSO SPECIFICATION 10
10.0 तकनीकी िववरण TECHNICAL DETAILS 12
11.0 डीजीएस&डी रे ट कांशेक्ट

RATE CONTRACT-DGS&D 16
12.0 िव त
ु ूणािलयों में तापमान ब ने के सामान्य कारण
COMMON REASONS FOR TEMPERATURE
HOTSPOTS IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 18
13.0 क पोनेंट जनका िनरी ण कया जा सकता है

COMPONENTS CAN BE INSPECTED 18
14.0 िव त
ु ःथापनाओं में थमर्ल इमे जंग कैमरा का ूयोग
USE OF THERMAL IMAGING CAMERA 19
IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
14.1 उ च वो टे ज ःथापनायें
High voltage installations 19
14.2 िन न वो टे ज ःथापनायें
Low voltage installations 22
15.0 थमर्ल इमेज को ूभािवत करने वाले कारक

FACTORS AFFECTING THERMAL IMAGE 24
16.0 थमर्ल िनरी ण करने के चरण

STEPS TO CARRY OUT THERMAL INSPECTIONS 26
17.0 सुर ा पहलू SAFETY ASPECTS 28
18.0 क्या करें और क्या न करें DOs AND DON’Ts 29
19.0 सामान्य समःयायें COMMON PROBLEMS 31
20.0 थम िवजन कैमरा ारा एसीटीआरडी का कंडीशन

आधािरत अनुर ण
CONDITION BASED MAINTENANCE FOR AC TRD
BY THERMOVISION CAMERA 31
संल नक Ð 1 Annexure-1
क चे पदाथ की उ सजर्कता
EMISSIVITY OF RAW MATERIAL 34
संल नक Ð 2 ANNEXURE-2
थम िवजन कैमरा ारा ओ.एच.ई. के अनुर ण
िरकॉडर् के िलए ूा प
FORMAT FOR MAINTENANCE RECORD OF OHE
BY THERMO VISION CAMERA 36
िव त
ु सामान्य सेवाओं के िरकॉडर् एवं आगे की
कायर्वाही हे तु ूा प
FORMAT FOR RECORD & FURTHER ACTION
FOR GENERAL SERVICES 37
पिरभाषायें DEFINITIONS 38
संदभर् REFERENCES 40
संशोधन पच का ूकाशन
ISSUE OF CORRECTION SLIP
The correction slips to be issued in future for this

handbook will be numbered as follows:
CAMTECH/E/16-17/Thermo Vision Camera/1.0/ C.S.

# XX date---
Where “XX” is the serial number of the concerned

correction slip (starting from 01 onwards).
CORRECTION SLIPS ISSUED
Sr.No. Date of Page no. & Item Remarks

Issue no. modified
CAMTECH/E/16-17/Thermo Vision Camera/1.0 1
1.0 पिरचय INTRODUCTION
In order to minimize outages due to equipment failures,

modern condition based maintenance techniques needs
to be implemented in maintenance of electrical assets to
predict deterioration of various components or failure
prone locations. Thermography is one of the latest
condition based techniques to detect hot spots.
Most of the electrical failures are due to component

failure or loose connections. Thermal imaging infrared
camera easily identifies electrical and mechanical
problems like hot spots, heat development on loose
connections, hidden faults etc. before they result in
failures or fire cases.
2.0 पूवार्नुमान अनुर ण के िलए इं ृारे ड थम माफी

INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY FOR
PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE
Predictive maintenance of power systems/ electrical

assets is essential to maintain the reliability and reduce
outages. Nearly everything that uses or transmits power
gets hot before it fails. Infrared thermography is one of
the most effective proven predictive maintenance
technologies to quickly, accurately and safely locate
problems prior to failure. Finding and fixing a poor
electrical connection before a component fails can
save the much greater costs associated with downtime,
traffic losses, power failures, fires and other failures.
Handbook on Use of Thermo Vision Camera July, 2016

2 CAMTECH/E/16-17/Thermo Vision Camera/1.0
3.0 थम मा फक कैमरा THERMOGRAPHIC CAMERA
A Thermographic camera (also called an infrared

camera or thermal imaging camera) is a device that
forms an image using infrared radiation, similar to a
common camera that forms an image using visible
light. Instead of the 400–700 nanometer range of the
visible light camera, infrared cameras operate in
wavelengths as long as 14,000 nm (14 µm). Their use is
called thermography.
It is a non-contact device which detects infrared

radiations and converts it into electronic signals which
is then processed to produce a thermal image on a video
monitor and perform temperature calculations. It
measures infrared (IR) energy and convert the data to
images corresponding to the temperature.
Thermal Imaging System

Resolution of these cameras are considerably lower
than that of digital optical cameras (photo cameras we
are using now a days are having resolution in Mega
pixles), mostly only 160 x 120 or 320 x 240 pixels,
although more expensive cameras can achieve a higher
resolution.
July, 2016 Handbook on Use of Thermo Vision Camera

When an image is captured using the thermal imager,

all of the background data is also saved along with the
picture allowing in-depth analysis using software.
4.0 थम मा फक कैमरा की कायर्ूणाली

WORKING OF THERMOGRAPHIC CAMERA
Infrared energy (A) coming from an object is

focused by the optics (B) onto an infrared detector (C).
The detector sends the information to sensor electronics
(D) for image processing. The electronics translate the
data coming from the detector into an image (E) that
can be viewed in the viewfinder or on a standard video
monitor or LCD screen.
Working of Thermal Imaging Camera
Infrared thermography is the technique of

transforming an infrared image into a radiometric one,
which allows temperature values to be read from the
image. So every pixel in the radiometric image is in
fact a temperature measurement. In order to do this,
complex algorithms are incorporated into the thermal
imaging camera.

Heat sensed by an infrared camera is very

precisely quantified, or measured, it allows monitoring,
identifying and evaluating the relative severity of heat-
related problems.
Thermal imaging cameras are the perfect tool for

predicting failures because they make the invisible
visible.
Thermal Image of overheated fuse
With equal load and emissivity the temperature of the

three measurement points should be the same in the
above shown figure.
When carrying out Thermographic inspections,

faults are often identified by comparing heat
patterns in similar components operating under
similar loads.

5.0 थम माफी के लाभ

ADVANTAGES OF THERMOGRAPHY
i. It helps to find out electrical hot spots and faulty

equipment in incipient conditions.
ii. It is an ideal means for maintenance people

looking for safety and reliability when conducting
routine surveys of electrical systems, switchgear
and electrical components.
iii. It is non contacting and can be done in live

condition without affecting the operation,
production or traffic.
iv. It is applicable to most types of electrical,

mechanical equipment and power lines.
v. It is easy to quickly identify areas of concern/

specific location in large areas and problems can
be attended in time before failure.
vi. It works even in total darkness because ambient

light level does not matter.
vii. It has the storage memory and images are saved

with details. The same can be downloaded with
USB port and detail analysis can be done with the
help of software. Accordingly predictive
maintenance can be
viii. Advanced thermal imaging cameras also have the

wi-fi and internet connectivity features. By this
the live thermal images can also be viewed at a
remote location.
6.0 इं ृारे ड थम मीटर v/s थमर्ल इमे जंग कैमरा

IR THERMO-METERS V/S THERMAL IMAGING
CAMERAS
¾ Infrared (IR) thermometers are useful only for
measurement of single spot temperature but for
scanning large areas or components, they are not
suitable.
¾ Infrared thermometer measures the temperature at
one single spot only while thermal imaging camera
uses thousands of infrared thermo-meters at the
same time.
IR thermometer IR thermal camera
¾ Thermal imaging cameras can measure

temperatures on the entire image. If a thermal
imaging camera has an image resolution of 320 x
240 pixels, this means that it is equal to using
76,800 infrared thermometers at the same time.
¾ Infrared thermometer only gives a temperature
reading while the thermal imaging camera gives the
thermal image of a large area with comparative
temperature colour/ readings which can be used
to identify the hotspots.

CAMTECH
H/E/16-17/Therm
mo Vision Camerra/1.0 7
56°
I thermom
IR meter readin
ng IR therm
mal cameraa image
7.0 इं ृारे
ृ ड ऊजार् एवं
ए रे डयेशन
IN
NFRARED ENERGY & RADIATIION
Infrareed energy is just one o part ofo the
ellectromagnetic spectrum m, which includes raadiation
frrom gamma rays, x-rayss, ultra violeet, a thin reggion of
viisible light, infrared, terahertz wavees, microwavves and
raadio waves. These are all a related annd differentiiated in
thhe length of their
t wave (w wavelength)).
Electromaggnetic specttrum
Infraared radia ation lies between thhe visible and
micrrowave porttions of thee electromaggnetic specttrum.
The primary so ource of inffrared radiaation is heaat or
therrmal radiatioon. Any objject that haas a temperaature
abovve absolutee zero (-2733.15 degreees Celsius or 0
Kelvvin) emits ra
adiation in thhe infrared region.
r
Handbook on
o Use of Thermo
o Vision Cameraa Juuly, 2016
8 CAMTECH/E/116-17/Thermo Vision
V Camera/1..0
A speccial camera can

c detect this radiatioon in a wayy
sim
milar to the way
w an ordinary camera detects
d visibble light.
For usee in tempeerature measurement thhe brightesst

(waarmest) parrts of the immage are cusstomarily coolored whitee,
inteermediate temperaturres reds and a ws, and the
yellow
dim
mmest (coollest) parts black.
b A scaale shown neext to a false
color image rellates colors to
t temperatuures.
IInfrared th
hermal imag
ge with temp
perature ind
dicator
We expperience infrrared radiatioon every dayy. The heat

that we
w feel from sunlight, a fire
f or a radiaator is all
infraredd. Although our
o eyes cannnot see it, thhe nerves in
our skinn can feel it as
a heat. The warmer the object, the
more inffrared radiatiion it emits.
Julyy, 2016 Handbook on

o Use of Thermo Vision Cameraa
8.0 थम मा फक कैमरा के ूकार

TYPES OF THERMOGRAPHIC CAMERA
Thermographic cameras can be broadly divided into
two types:
i. cameras with uncooled infrared image detectors
ii. cameras with cooled infrared image detectors
8.1 अनकू ड थमर्ल कैमरा
Uncooled thermal cameras (with Uncooled infrared
detectors)
Uncooled thermal cameras use a sensor
operating at ambient temperature, or a sensor stabilized
at a temperature close to ambient using small
temperature control elements. All modern uncooled
detectors use sensors that work by the change of
resistance, voltage or current when heated by infrared
radiation. These changes are then measured and
compared to the values at the operating temperature of
the sensor.
Uncooled infrared cameras are smaller and
less costly. However, their resolution and image
quality tend to be lower than cooled detectors.
8.2 कू ड थमर्ल कैमरा Cooled thermal cameras (with

cooled infrared detectors)
Cooled detectors are typically contained in a vacuum-
sealed case or Dewar (vacuum flask) and cryogenically
cooled. The cooling is necessary for the operation of the
semiconductor materials used. The drawbacks of cooled
infrared cameras are that they are expensive both to
produce and to run. Cooling is both energy-intensive
and time-consuming.
9.0 आर.डी.एस.ओ. िविश ता RDSO SPECIFICATION
TI directorate of RDSO/ Lucknow has issued

specification no. TI/SPC/OHE/TIPS/1031, December,
2013 for infrared imaging system for stationary
installation. This revised specification supersedes
earlier specifications no. TI/SPC/OHE/TIPS/0010 &
TI/SPC/OHE/TIPS/1030 (06/2005), Rev-1. The salient
features of this specification are as under:
• The infrared imaging system shall be single unit
suitable for hand held operation.
• It shall be a battery operated and rugged enough for
use in the field.
• It shall have inbuilt display facility to show the
infrared images on the spot.
• It shall be capable of working in open environment
and shall not use any cooling system either
internally or externally.
• The on board image analysis and storage facility
must be provided.
• The optics of the camera should include suitable
(Horizontal Field of view) HFOV & (Vertical field
of view) VFOV lens for measurements of the
different objects / installation in the network.
The infrared imaging system shall be suitable for

monitoring, measurement and storing hot spot
temperatures on the following applications:-
1. Detect heat build-up on bus ducts/bus bar/isolators.

2. Connections of overhead distribution lines/cable

termination in HT circuits, switch board & HT/LT
panels.
3. Overhead transmission/power lines.
4. Scanning of Sub-station yard for identification of
any critical problem areas.
5. Transformer bushings.
6. Detect problems with oil filled SF-6 breakers.
7. Scanning of joints in 25KV overhead equipment,
jumpers etc.
The system should be menu operated and should assist

the user for different measurements including focus,
histogram etc. The setup menu should provide the facility
for adjustment/ selection of emissivity, background
temperature, auto range, time, date, colour pallets etc. It
should also include internal memory for the storage of the
scanned images in the field and for its further processing.
The system shall have on board battery for hand held

operation. The accessories shall include 2 sets of spares
rechargeable batteries having back up of minimum 4
hours, AC power adaptor/battery charger, carrying
case, user manual and software installation CD and any
other appliances that may be required. Operational training
shall be imparted for two days for two railway engineers at
site by supplier.

10.0 तकनीकी िववरण TECHNICAL DETAILS

(As per RDSO SPEC 1031 Dec. 2013)
Sr. Features Present Specification
1. Detector Un-cooled focal plane array
(FPA) of 320 x 240 pixels or
more
2. Temperature 0 to 500 degree centigrade or
measurement Higher
Range
3. Field of View Standard Lens: 23 degree
Horizontal X 17 degree
vertical or more.
4. Spatial Less than 1.4 mRad.
Resolution (IFOV)
5. Minimum focus Minimum focus distance less
distance than or equal to 40 cm to
infinity.
6. Spectral Range Within (7.5 to 14 μm) ± 0.5
μm
7. Image frame Not less than 20 Hz
rate/Image
refresh rate
8. Emissivity User selectable from 0.1 to
setting 1.0
9. Accuracy With ± 2°/o of display or ±
2°c whichever is greater.
10. Focus Auto or Manual
11. Display Not less than 75 mm
diagonally active matrix
colour LCD with high
luminance or better.


12. Video NTSC/PAL, User should be
output/Format able to connect camera to
external display.
13. Image storage 1000 images or more with
2GB memory card extra.
14. Power input Rechargeable battery pack.
Battery charging input 230
V,50Hz
15. Battery Minimum 4 Hrs
Operating time
I16 Communication Scanned image should be
. downloadable to PC through
USB port.
17. Image analysis With compatible software and
& report hardware for downloading on
generation PC with window 7 or latest.
software Full featured software along
with analysis features and
Report generation software
shall be provided with the
Thermal Imager. It shall be
possible to generate a report
with the software in Word or
PDF Format. The software
shall be license free so that it
can be installed in multiple
PCs.
18. Operating Touch screen or toggle button
function Operated.


19. Weight with Not more than 2 kg.
battery
20. Operating -10 to 50 °C or better
temperature
21. Operating 0 to 90 % non-condensing.
humidity Operating range can also be
selected depending upon the
regions in which the
instrument shall be used and
humidity encountered there.
22. Thermal Less than 0.05 °C @ 30°C or
sensitivity 50 mk (milli kelvin)
23. Image Fully dynamic IR Image
Streaming streaming with radiometric
data.
24. Image Capturing Simultaneous storage of
thermal & visual image by
click of a button
25. Laser pointer Laser pointer should be
displayed on thermal image.
26. Measurement i- Moveable spot minimum
mode 1 nos.
ii- Area moveable &
scalable, Maximum
temperature, Auto hot spot
identification.
iii- Measurement Corrections.
27. Ingress IP-54
Protection

28. Voice Camera shall have a voice
annotation annotation feature to record a
Min. 20 second voice tag
along with every thermal
image.
29. Text annotation User define text identification
should be possible with every
individual image.
30. Visual Camera The thermal imager shall
have inbuilt visual image
camera with minimum 2MP
to capture the visual image
simultaneously along with the
thermal image.
31. Image fusion as It shall be possible to display
well as picture the thermal image within
in picture visual image. The size of
display thermal image should be
moveable & scalable.
32. Vibration 2G (IEC 60068-2-6)
Protection
33. Bump Test 25G (IEC-60068-2-29)
34. Zoom Minimum 1-2x digital zoom

11.0 डीजीएस&डी रे ट कांशेक्ट

RATE CONTRACT- DGS&D
(Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals)
Thermal imaging cameras are available at DGS&D

Rate Contract. The current rate contract suppliers
details are as given below:
S.n. Name & full address of firm R/c no & date
1. Convergent Technologies T I SYSTEM/IT-

#204, 2nd Main, Mahalakshmi 4/RCD20C0000/
Layout, Bangalore, 0516/84/OA626/
1808
Karnataka -560086
Contact: 17-SEP-15
Mr. Nitin Shetty, 9900900055

R.Patil, 9810124370
Email: nitin@convergenttech.in,
rajendra.patil@convergenttech.in
2. Surya Telecom pvt ltd T I SYSTEM/IT-

4/RCD20C0000/
SCO-36, SECTOR-3,
0516/84/NC050/1809
Panchkula-134112
17-SEP-15
Contact :
Pankaj Kumar, 9311615726
: 9316500005
Email : pankaj@suryatel.com,
avs@suryatel.com,

S.n. Name & full address of firm R/c no & date

3. UNEECOPS Technologies LTD. T I SYSTEM/IT-
Uneecops House C-185 4/RCD20C0000/
Naraina Industrial Area, Phase-I, 0516/84/F0547/1811
New Delhi- 110028 17-SEP-15
Contact:
Mukul Gupta, 9350620526
Vimal S.Chavda 9370319656
Emial:
mukul.gupta@uneecops.com
vchavda@testoinida.com
4. TAK Technologies Pvt. Ltd. T I SYSTEM/IT-
302/303, Pal House 87, CCI 4/RCD20C0000/
Building, Nehru Place, 0516/84/06947/ 1810
New Delhi - 110019 17-SEP-15
Contact Person :
Mr. Ananj Kumar, 9310976376
Email:
kumar@tak-technologies.com
sales@tak-technologies.com
5. AGMATEL INDIA Pvt. Ltd. T I SYSTEM/IT-
E 366 IInd Floor Nirman Vihar 4/RCD20C0000/
Vikas Marg, Delhi-110092 0516/84/F0177/ 2159
Tel. No.011-43064306, 17-SEP-15
1800113233 (Toll Free)
E-mail:
marketing@agmatel.com,
aka@agmatel.com
12.0 िव त
ु ूणािलयों में तापमान ब ने के सामान्य कारण
COMMON REASONS FOR TEMPERATURE
HOTSPOTS IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
• Unbalanced loads
• Loose or corroded connections increased resistance
in the circuit (typically one side of components heats
up)
• Harmonics (3rd harmonic current in Neutral)
• Overloaded systems/excessive current
• Insulation failure
• Component failure
• Wiring mistakes
• Under specified components (like fuses) would heat
up on both side of the fuse.
13.0 क पोनेंट जनका िनरी ण कया जा सकता है

COMPONENTS CAN BE INSPECTED
• Power distribution lines
• Fuse boxes
• Cables & connections
• Relays/Switches
• Insulators
• Capacitors
• Substations
• Circuit breakers
• Controllers
• Transformers
• Motors
• Battery

14.0 िव त
ु ःथापनाओं में थमर्ल इमे जंग कैमरा का ूयोग
USE OF THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS IN
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
Thermography may be suitably used for
monitoring high voltage equipment, low voltage
equipment, cabinets, motors, pumps, high temperature
equipment etc.
Applications for thermal imaging cameras
within the range of electrical systems can be divided
into two categories: high voltage and low voltage
installations.
14.1 उ च वो टे ज ःथापनायें High voltage installations
Heat is an important factor in high voltage

installations. When electrical current passes through a
resistive element, it generates heat. An increased
resistance results in an increase in heat. Over the time
the resistance of electrical connections increases, due to
loosening and corrosion for example. The
corresponding rise in temperature can cause
components to fail, and resulting in unplanned outages.
If such point left unchecked, the heat can even
rise to the point where connections melt and break
down; as a result, fires may also break out.
Examples of failures in high-voltage
installations that can be detected with thermal imaging:
• Oxidation of high voltage switches
• Overheated connections
• Oxidised, or corroded connectors
• Incorrectly secured connections
• Insulator defects etc.
These and other issues can be spotted at an early

stage with a thermal imaging camera. This will help to
accurately
locate the problem, determine the severity of the
problem, and establish the time frame in which the
equipment should be repaired.
Figure given below shows a hot-spot created by a bad

connection in a power distribution system.
Thermal image of a power system
Similarly when looking at similar current

carrying connectors, a poor connection shows a higher
temperature due to its increased resistance.
The main advantage of thermal imaging is the

ability to perform inspections while electrical systems
are under load. Since thermal imaging is a non-
contact diagnostic method, user can quickly scan a
particular piece of equipment from a safe distance.
As thermal imaging cameras are handheld and

battery operated, they can also be used for outdoor

CAMTECH
H/E/16-17/Therm
mo Vision Camerra/1.0 21
innspections liike high vooltage substaations, switcchgear,

trransformers, and outdoorr circuit breaakers.
Digital piicture of jumper/ splicce connectioons

in power line
Therm
mal image sh
howing overr heated loosse connectioon
witth temperatture chart
Handbook on
o Use of Thermo
o Vision Cameraa Juuly, 2016
14.2 िन न वो टे ज ःथापनायें Low voltage installations
Thermal imaging cameras can also be used for

inspections of low voltage installations as well such as
electrical cabinets/panels, control panels and other low
voltage equipment like panels of RMPU, battery
charger, RRU/ERRU of coaches etc.
Besides loose connections, electrical systems suffer

from load imbalances, corrosion, and increases in
resistance to current. Thermal inspections can quickly
locate hot spots, determine the severity of the problem,
and help to establish the time frame in which the
equipment should be repaired.
Examples of failures in low voltage equipment that can

be detected with thermal imaging:
• High resistance connections
• Corroded connections
• Internal fuse damage
• Internal circuit breaker faults
• Poor connections and internal damage etc.
These and other issues can be spotted at an early stage

and this will help to prevent costly damages and
failures/ fires cases may be avoided.

Thermal image showing overheated fuse connection
Thermal image showing overloaded MCB

15.0 थमर्ल इमेज को ूभािवत करने वाले कारक

FACTORS AFFECTING THERMAL IMAGE
Different materials and circumstances influence

the temperature readings from the thermal imaging
camera. Some of the most important factors influencing
the temperature readings are:
1. Thermal conductivity
Different materials have different
thermal properties. Insulation tends to warm up
slowly, while metals tend to warm up quickly,
for instance. This is called thermal conductivity.
Difference in thermal conductivity in two
different materials can lead to large temperature
differences in certain situations.
2. Emissivity
To read correct temperatures, emissivity
is one of the important factor needs to be taken
into account. Emissivity is the efficiency with
which an object emits infrared radiation. This is
highly dependent on material properties.
It is extremely important to set the right
emissivity in the camera or the temperature
measurements will be incorrect. In general for
thermography of electrical installations, it is
kept as 0.95.
3. Reflection
Some materials reflect thermal radiation
much like a mirror reflects visible light. One

example is non-oxidized metal, especially if it is

polished. Reflections can lead to
misinterpretation of the thermal image. The
operator should therefore choose the angle at
which the thermal imaging camera is pointed at
the object carefully, to avoid such reflections.
4. Weather conditions
Ambient temperatures have a big
influence on temperature readings. High
ambient temperatures can mask hot spots by
heating the entire object, while low ambient
temperatures might cool down the hot spots to a
temperature below a previously determined
threshold.
Direct sunlight and shadows influence
the thermal pattern on a surface even after many
hours to sunlight exposed.
Another weather factor is wind, airflows
cool down the surface material, lowering the
temperature differences between hot and cold
areas.
Another obvious factor is rain, it cools
down the surface material. Even after the rain
has stopped the evaporation of the water cools
down the surface material.
Obviously all these factors can lead to
misleading thermal patterns.

16.0 थमर्ल िनरी ण करने के चरण

STEPS TO CARRY OUT THERMAL
INSPECTIONS
In general following steps are to be followed for

efficient use of thermography:
1. कायर् को िनधार्िरत करना Define the task
¾ List all of the equipment suited for thermal
imaging inspections to monitor.
¾ Define the priority and periodicity as per
previous record of failures available. The
equipment which is most prone to failure
and have direct impact on the system shall
be given priority.
¾ Set the schedules for the thermal inspections
based on the above information.
2. आधारभूत िनरी ण करना

Perform a baseline inspection
¾ For reference material, take thermal images
of all of the equipment, aim to inspect. This
should be done during normal operation.
¾ Especially capture multiple thermal images
of one piece of equipment, if it has key
components or subsystems that are prone to
failure.
¾ These images will serve as baseline
reference material and to be documented
very well.

¾ Make sure to take into account all of the

factors mentioned earlier, to enable accurate
temperature measurements.
¾ The report of baseline inspection should
include the methods used, such as the
emissivity and reflection settings, alongwith
the exact location, description of each
thermal image for each piece of equipment.
¾ This database of baseline images will help
to determine temperatures which are
acceptable for each piece of equipment.
All of the above information will help to determine
whether there is something wrong with the
equipment/system during later inspections.
3. िनरी ण ूार भ करना Start inspection

¾ Have a list with pieces of equipment that
need to be checked alongwith schedule for
the inspections.
¾ Carryout thermal inspection of equipment
and check with earlier record and note
whether it requires further investigation or
not.
¾ It is necessary to take a close look at the
thermal images while inspecting and
analyzing.
The camera operator should have an in depth

understanding of both the physics of thermal imaging
technology and of the workings of the equipment that is
being inspected.

4. िव ेषण एवं रे पो टग Analysis and reporting
When all of the equipment has been

inspected it is time to return to the office to do
the analysis of the images and to summarize the
findings in a report. Base on these reports
predictive maintenance can be planned
accordingly.
17.0 सुर ा पहलू SAFETY ASPECTS
¾ Human safety is extremely important when

working with electrical equipment.
¾ Whenever possible wear the appropriate personal

protective equipment (PPE), clothing, face
shielding, gloves etc.
¾ Working on or examining energized equipment

must be taken seriously.
¾ The thermographer should have adequate

knowledge and shall comply with all the safety
precautions and procedures laid down by
authorities especially when examination of live
systems are involved.
¾ The thermography personnel shall not touch any

electrical equipment open/remove any covers etc.

18.0 क्या करें और क्या न करें DO’s AND DON’Ts
क्या करें Dos
• The inspector shall comply with all the safety

precautions and procedures stipulated by
competent electrical authorities especially when
examination of live systems are involved.
• Keep camera in original packing case during

transport or storage.
• Avoid violent shock and impact during operation

or transport of camera.
• Typical storage place is cool, dry, ventilated, and

without strong electromagnetic field.
• Keep the lens surface off grease or any chemical

substance which would damage the lens. Close
the lid after operation.
• Take regularly backup data on PC to prevent

potential data loss and format the internal FLASH
memory duly to make it operate properly.
• Ensure periodic calibration of camera for better

results.

क्या न करें Don’ts
• Do not direct the lens towards strong high-

temperature radiation source (such as the sun)
whether the power is on or off to avoid
malfunction or even damage the device.
• Do not short-circuit the battery.
• Do not put the battery in high temperature

environment (≥60Ԩ).
• Never disassemble the battery or put it into fire,

which may cause explosion.

19.0 सामान्य समःयायें COMMON PROBLEMS
For common and simple problems arising

during operation of thermal imaging camera, refer the
following. If the problem does not settled, cut off the
power, refer OEM user manual and contact technical
department of camera manufacturer/supplier if required.
Problem Probable Causes Action to be

Taken
Camera cannot No battery or Install battery
be powered on batteries are not correctly.
installed correctly.
Battery power is Change battery or
used up/discharged recharge.
Save power mode power on after 5
seconds.
Device power Battery power is Change battery or
off used up/ discharged recharge.
automatically
Battery power is Battery is not fully Recharge battery
soon used up charged. fully.
Battery may Use new battery
already reach end to charge.
of life.
No thermal Lens lid is closed. Remove lens lid.
image
Thermal image Black & white Restore factory
is black and palette may be default settings.
white selected.

20.0 थम िवजन कैमरा ारा एसी टीआरडी का कंडीशन

आधािरत अनुर ण
CONDITION BASED MAINTENANCE FOR AC
TRD BY THERMOVISION CAMERA
(Ref: Item no. 28.19 of TrD MSG held at SCR, Feb.
2011)
A) थरमों िवजन कैमरा ारा ःकैिनंग की अनुसच ू ी
Schedule of scanning by Thermovision camera.
(i) Traction Substation Six monthly
(ii) SP/SSPs Annually
(iii) OHE Annually
(iv) OHE Ghat section Six monthly
CAMTECH Recommendation:
In case of repeated failure of components, the
periodicity may be reduced as required.
B) क्या क्या दे खना है Scope of Work
i. Traction Sub-station, SP and SSP

In AC Traction sub-station, SP, SSP, thermal
scanning will cover:
i) All joints connections, terminations, jumpers,
PG clamps of incoming switch yard and
outgoing switch yard.
ii) Transformer bushing connections.
iii) Bus bar joints.
iv) LA, CT, PT connections from bus bar and
terminals

v) HV side bi-polar isolators, single pole isolators

contact and bus bar.
vi) Connections to buried rail
vii) Auxiliary transformer HT connections
viii) Cross feeder and drop jumpers and PG clamps
ix) Transformer radiation valves.
x) Central cable connections in Control Room
and Control Boxes of breakers transformer,
CT & PT connections.
ii. OHE
In AC OHE, thermal scanning will cover:
i) All types of jumpers and their PG clamps
ii) Catenary splice, ‘U’ clamps and Bulldog clamps.
iii) Contact splices
iv) Isolators contacts, jumpers and their PG
clamps
v) Feeder wire jumpers connected with OHE
and their PG clamps
C) दोषों को सुधारने के िलए समय सीमा
Limits and Periodicity of Attending to Defects
The temperature of Hot spots shall be compared with
adjacent/nearby similar components and depending
upon variation following action shall be taken
(A) Variation > 20 - To be attended within 24 hrs
(B) 10 < variation < 20 - To be attended within 10 days
(C) 5 < variation < 10 - To be attended within a month
(D) Variation < 5 Normal

संल नक Ð 1 Annexure-1
क चे पदाथ की उ सजर्कता
EMISSIVITY OF RAW MATERIAL
(For reference purpose only)
Material Surface Temp (Ԩ) Emissivity (ε)

Aluminum inoxidized 100 0.20
Oxidized 100 0.55
Brass Brown polished 20 0.40
Unpolished 38 0.22
Oxidized 100 0.61
Copper Oxidized badly 20 0.78
Iron Oxidized 100 0.74
Rusted 25 0.65
Cast Iron Oxidized 200 0.64
inoxidized 100 0.21
Wrought Iron Rough 25 0.94
Polished 38 0.28
Nickel Oxidized 200 0.37
Stainless Oxidized 60 0.85
Steel
Steel Oxidized 200 0.79
Brick -- 20 0.93
Concrete -- 20 0.92

Material Surface Temp (Ԩ) Emissivity (ε)

Glass Smooth flat 20 0.94
Lacquer White 100 0.92
Natural Black 100 0.97
Carbon Smoky black 25 0.95
Candle smoke 20 0.95
Black-lead rough 20 0.98
Paint 16 Color average 100 0.94
Paper White 20 0.93
Soil -- 20 0.90
Wood Polished 30 0.90
Water -- 30 0.96
Skin Human 32 0.98
China Fine 21 0.90
Rough 21 0.93

थम िवजन कैमरा ारा ओ.एच.ई. के अनुर ण

िरकॉडर् के िलए ूा प
FORMAT FOR MAINTENANCE RECORD OF OHE
BY THERMO VISION CAMERA
(Ref: item no. 28.19 of 28th MSG TRD held at SCR on Feb
2011)
....................... RAILWAY ................ DIVISION
Section…….. Line……..
Temperature of Isolators
Temperature of Jumpers
with OHE and their PG

Temperature of Contact
wire jumpers connected

Temperature of Feeder
their PG clamps in °C
contacts, jumpers and
Catenary splice in °C
and PG clamp in °C
clamps and bulldog

Temperature of ‘U’
Temperature of
By whom done
clamps in °C
clamps in °C
splice in °C
Remarks
Location
S.No.
Date
NOTE: The temperature of hot spots shall be compared with

adjacent/ nearby similar components. The variation of
temperature shall be taken as follow:
i) Variation more than 20°C - To be attended within 24 hrs.
ii) Variation more than 10°C and less then 20°C - To be
attended within 10 days.
iii) Variation more than 5°C and less then 10°C - To be
attended within a month.
iv) Variation less than 5°C - Normal

िव त
ु सामान्य सेवाओं के िरकॉडर् एवं आगे की
कायर्वाही हे तु ूा प
FORMAT FOR RECORD & FURTHER ACTION
FOR GENERAL SERVICES
Sub-Location
Rechecking
Temp. (°C)
Image No.
Image No.
Remarks
Location
Sr. No.
Temp.
Date
date
Thermal
Thermal
Digital
Digital

पिरभाषायें DEFINITIONS
1. Thermographer - The person who inspects the
electrical installations using infrared thermography
technique.
2. Thermal Image - An image showing the temperature
distribution over a surface area.
3. Evaluation - Determination of whether a relevant
pattern/indication is acceptable or not acceptable.
4. Interpretation - the determination of whether
indications/indications are relevant or non-relevant.
5. Reference standard- any material or object for which
all relevant chemical and physical characteristics are
known and measurable, used as a comparison for, or
standardization of, equipment or instruments used for
nondestructive testing.
6. Standard - (1) a physical reference used as a basis for
comparison or calibration;
7. (2) a concept that has been established by authority,
custom, or agreement to serve as a model or rule in the
measurement of quality or the establishment of a
practice or procedure.
8. Background radiation- all radiation received by the
infrared sensing device that was not emitted by the
specified area of the surface being examined.

9. Blackbody - an ideal thermal radiator (emissivity = 1.0)

that emits and absorbs all of the available thermal
radiation at a given temperature.
10. Emissivity - the ratio of the radiance of a body at a
given temperature to the corresponding radiance of a
blackbody at the same temperature.
11. Field of view (FOV) - the angular dimensions of the
cone/pyramid that define the object space imaged by
the system.
12. Infrared thermographer - the person qualified or
trained to use infrared imaging radiometer, infrared
thermography.
13. Reflected temperature - the temperature of the energy
incident upon and reflected from the measurement
surface of a specimen.
14. Thermal resolution - the smallest or minimum
temperature difference that can be measured by an
infrared sensor / device.
15. Thermogram - a visual grey scale/colour image which
provides a map of the temperature distribution /profile
on the surface of an object or scene.
16. Thermography, infrared - the process of displaying the
variations in temperature over the surface of an object
or a scene by measuring the variations in infrared
radiance using a suitable IR sensing system/device.
17. Transmittance - the ratio of the radiant flux transmitted
through a body to that incident upon it.

संदभर्
1. आर.डी.एस.ओ. िविश ता सं. TI/SPC/OHE/TIPS/
1031/December-2013 ःथर ःथापनाओं के िलए
इं ृारे ड इमे जंग ूणाली
2. रे ट कांशैक्ट दःतावेज़ सं. TI system/IT-4/RC-

D20C0000/0516/84/06947/1810 दनांक 17 िसत बर
2015, डीजीएस एंड डी नई द ली ारा जारी।
3. बीआईएस ारा जारी डॉक्यूमेंट बमांक एमटीडी

21(5044)ड यू, "िव त
ु ीय संःथापन के इं ृारे ड
थम माफी िनरी ण के िलए दशा िनदश" पर सा ट
भारतीय मानक।
4. िसकंदराबाद (द ण म य रे लवे) में फरवरी 2011 में

आयो जत टी आर डी एमएसजी मी टं ग की मद सं या
28.19
5. िवषय पर ेऽीय इकाइयों एवं इन्टरनेट से डाउन्लोड

कया गया सा ह य।
6. दनांक 06.05.2016 को कैमटे क वािलयर में

आयो जत उ िवषय पर सेिमनार के दौरान ूा सुझाव
एवं ट पणी।
REFERENCES
1. RDSO specification no. TI/SPC/OHE/TIPS/1031/

December-2013 for infrared imaging system for
stationary installations.
2. Rate contract document no. TI system/IT-4/RC-

D20C0000/0516/84/06947/1810 dated 17
September 2015, issued by DGS&D, New Delhi.
3. Document no. MTD 21 (5044)W issued by BIS,

Draft Indian Standard “Guidelines for infrared
thermography inspection of electrical installations”.
4. Agenda item no. 28.19 of TrD MSG meeting held

at Secunderabad, SCR, Feb. 2011.
5. Literature collected from field units and

downloaded from internet on the subject matter.
6. Suggestions/ Comments received during seminar

held on 06.05.2016 on the subject at CAMTECH,
Gwalior.
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vkSj jsyos dh ifjlEifRr ,oa tu’kfDr ds fu"iknu esa lq/kkj djuk
ftlls vUrfoZ"k;ksa esa fo’oluh;rk] miyC/krk] mi;ksfxrk vkSj n{krk izkIr
dh tk ldsA
िव ुतीय उपकारणों के अनुर ण िवषय पर उपल ध जानकारी के उन्नयन एवं उनके

डाक्यूमेंटेशन करने में कैमटे क लगातार ूयासरत है । िपछले कई वष में िव ुत
उपकरणों के अनुर ण एवं रखरखाव पर िविभन्न ूकार के ूकाशन हःतपु ःतकाओं,
पॉके बुक्स, प फलेट, एवं िव डयो फ मों के प में बनाए गए ह। ये सभी ूकाशन
रे लनेट एवं इन्टरनेट पर अपलोड कर दये गए ह।
इन ूकाशानों को डाउन्लोड करने के िलए कृ पया िन न कायर् करें ।
१. इन्टरनेट पर www.rdso.indianrailways.gov.in िव जट करें फर
Go to Directorates Æ CAMTECH Æ Publications for downloadÆ

Electrical Engineering पर जायें।
२. रे लनेट पर आरडीएसओ वेबसाइट 10.100.2.19 पर जायें फर
Go to Directorates Æ CAMTECH Æ Publications for download Æ

Electrical Engineering
ूकाशनों के संबंध में और कसी जानकारी के िलए कृ पया संपकर् करें :
िनदे शक (िव ुत) : 0751- 2470740 (O) BSNL, 9752447030 (CUG)
एसएसई (िव त
ु ) : 9755549297 (CUG)
ई मेल : direlcamtech@gmail.com पर ई मेल करें ।
फैक्स : 0751- 2470841
िलखें : िनदे शक (िव ुत)

भारितए रे ल
उ च अनुर ण ूौ ोिगकी केंि
होटल आ द याज के सामने
एअरपोटर् रोड, महाराजपुर, वािलयर, िभंड रोड - ४७४ ००५
OUR OBJECTIVE
To upgrade maintenance technologies and methodologies and
achieve improvement in productivity and performance of all
Railway assets and manpower which inter-alia would cover
reliability, availability, utilisation and efficiency.
CAMTECH is continuing its efforts in the documentation and up-

gradation of information on maintenance practices of electrical assets.
Over the years a large number of publications on electrical assets have
been prepared in the form of handbooks, pockets books, pamphlets &
video films etc. These publications have been uploaded on the internet
as well as rail net.
For downloading these publications please do following:
1. On internet visit : www.rdso.indianrailways.gov.in
Go to Directorates Æ CAMTECH Æ Publications for downloadÆ
2. On Railnet visit RDSO website at 10.100.2.19
Go to Directorates Æ CAMTECH Æ Publications for download Æ
For any further information regarding publications please contact:
Director (Elect.) – 0751- 2470740 (O) BSNL, 9752447030 (CUG)
SSE/Electrical - 9755549297 (CUG)
E-mail at direlcamtech@gmail.com
Fax to 0751- 2470841
Write at : Director (Electrical)
Indian Railways
Centre for Advanced Maintenance technology,
In front of Hotel Adityaz,
Airport Road, Maharajpur,
Gwalior, Pin code – 474 005

Handbook On Use of Thermo Vision Camera

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Handbook On Use of Thermo Vision Camera

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dsoy dk;Zky;hu mi;ks

Hkkjr ljdkj GOVER RNMENT OF IND

कसी दोष की ूार भक अवःथा में ही पहचान करके

कैमटे क, वािलयर ए.आर.तुपे

The best way to prevent outages is to identify incipient

To ensure reliable and safe operation of trains, thermal

CAMTECH has prepared this handbook on “Use of

CAMTECH Gwalior A.R.Tupe

कैमटे क, वािलयर पीयूष गु ा

CAMTECH, Gwalior Peeyoosh Gupta

अ याय सं. िववरण ू सं.

ूाक्कथन Foreword iii

1.0 पिरचय INTRODUCTION 01

2.0 पूवार्नुमान अनुर ण के िलए इं ृारे ड थम माफी

3.0 थम मा फक कैमरा THERMOGRAPHIC CAMERA 02

4.0 थम मा फक कैमरा की कायर्ूणाली

5.0 थम माफी के लाभ

6.0 इं ृारे ड थम मीटर v/s थमर्ल इमे जंग कैमरा

7.0 इं ृारे ड ऊजार् एवं रे डयेशन

8.0 थम मा फक कैमरा के ूकार

8.1 अनकू ड थमर्ल कैमरा

8.2 कू ड थमर्ल कैमरा

9.0 आर.डी.एस.ओ. िविश ता

10.0 तकनीकी िववरण TECHNICAL DETAILS 12

11.0 डीजीएस&डी रे ट कांशेक्ट

13.0 क पोनेंट जनका िनरी ण कया जा सकता है

15.0 थमर्ल इमेज को ूभािवत करने वाले कारक

16.0 थमर्ल िनरी ण करने के चरण

17.0 सुर ा पहलू SAFETY ASPECTS 28

18.0 क्या करें और क्या न करें DOs AND DON’Ts 29

19.0 सामान्य समःयायें COMMON PROBLEMS 31

20.0 थम िवजन कैमरा ारा एसीटीआरडी का कंडीशन

The correction slips to be issued in future for this

CAMTECH/E/16-17/Thermo Vision Camera/1.0/ C.S.

Where “XX” is the serial number of the concerned

CORRECTION SLIPS ISSUED

Sr.No. Date of Page no. & Item Remarks

1.0 पिरचय INTRODUCTION

In order to minimize outages due to equipment failures,

Most of the electrical failures are due to component

2.0 पूवार्नुमान अनुर ण के िलए इं ृारे ड थम माफी

Predictive maintenance of power systems/ electrical

Handbook on Use of Thermo Vision Camera July, 2016

3.0 थम मा फक कैमरा THERMOGRAPHIC CAMERA

A Thermographic camera (also called an infrared

It is a non-contact device which detects infrared

Thermal Imaging System

July, 2016 Handbook on Use of Thermo Vision Camera

When an image is captured using the thermal imager,

4.0 थम मा फक कैमरा की कायर्ूणाली

Infrared energy (A) coming from an object is

Working of Thermal Imaging Camera

Infrared thermography is the technique of

Handbook on Use of Thermo Vision Camera July, 2016

Heat sensed by an infrared camera is very

Thermal imaging cameras are the perfect tool for

Thermal Image of overheated fuse

With equal load and emissivity the temperature of the

When carrying out Thermographic inspections,

July, 2016 Handbook on Use of Thermo Vision Camera

5.0 थम माफी के लाभ

i. It helps to find out electrical hot spots and faulty

ii. It is an ideal means for maintenance people