LEARNING MODULE IN ENGLISH 9

Quarter 4 - Week 1

LESSON 1: WRITING BIBLIOGRAPHY

MELC: Differentiates various styles in writing bibliography.
Learning Objectives:
After going through this module, the student should be able to:
 Define bibliography;
 Distinguish the styles in writing bibliography; and
 Arrange the cite sources of information using APA styles.

Book: English, American, and Philippine Literature and Communication Arts (Unit III p. 471)
Author: Josefina Payawal-Gabriel, Ph.D.

One way to acknowledge the sources of information is through an end page capitation or bibliography. In writing bibliography,
its format is strictly observed.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Bibliography is an end page citation listing all the references one has used in research or speech writing which follows in
an American Psychological Association (APA) style.
- This allows the reader to verify the veracity of the statements and/or figures presented in an article, essay, or any other
information.
- It also allows a writer to give proper credit for quotes of key phrases so as to avoid plagiarism.
- The most recommended format to use in writing bibliography is the American Psychological Association (APA)

American Psychological Association (APA) style

- It is a citation guide developed by the American Psychological Association in citing references. This style provides clarity
to papers on often complex topics.
- All APA reference list entries contain four main components: author, date, title, and source.
- These components are organized as follows: Author. (Date). Title. Source.
APA Style:
1. Only the first word of a title or subtitle and proper nouns are capitalized in book, magazine, journal, and an article titles.
2. In the list of references, all author names are written from last name-first name order.
Example:
Martinez, Cleo
Garcia, Faith
Fernandez, Rey
3. If there is more than one author, names are separated by commas: an ampersand (&) precedes the final name.
Example:
Martinez, C., Garcia, F., & Fernandez, R.
Grey, M., Clint, G., & Rick, J.
4. First and middle names of authors are represented by initials only.
Example:
Martinez, Cleo R. Martinez, C. R.
Garcia, Faith M. Garcia, F. M.
5. The year of publication is always included, both in the list of references and in-text citation. It should be put inside the
parenthesis.
Example:
Salinger, J. D. (1951). The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown and Company
6. Title should be italicized.
Example:
Salinger, J. D. (1951). The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown and Company
7. Citations of online sources include the date on which the source was retrieved from the Web, URL.
Example:
Hart, J. (2006). Water Pollution. Microsoft Encarta Online encyclopedia 2006. Retrieved April 19, 2006, from
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572857/Water_Pollution.html

8. If referring to a particular section of work, page numbers for that section are included in the list of references, but not in-text
citation. With the exception of journal articles and printable documents, electronic sources do not usually display page
numbers.

Print Sources Examples:

1. Book with One Author
 Salinger, J. D. (1951). The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

2. Book with Two Authors

Baily, G., & Peoples, J. (1999). Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

3. Second or Other Edition of a Book

Martler, C.A., & Charles, C. M. (2005). Introduction to Educational Research (2nd ed.). Boston: Pearson Allyn & Bacon

4. Journal Article
O’Connell, J. F., and Perkins, G. M. (2003).The Economics of private liberal arts colleges. Journal of Business, 76 (3), 501.

5. Magazine Article
Serrill, M. S. (1990, April 2). Soviet Union war of nerves. Time, 135, 29.

6. Newspaper Article
Rood, L. (2005, December 31). The steep costs of driving drunk. Des Moines Register, p. A12.

7. Newspaper Article, No Author

Gas prices: Pollution rules may be eased. (2006, April 26). The Seattle Times, p. A5.

Electronic Sources Examples:

1. Online Encyclopedia Article
Hart, J. (2006). Water Pollution. Microsoft Encarta Online encyclopedia 2006. Retrieved April 19, 2006, from
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572857/Water_Pollution.html

2. Online Encyclopedia Article, No Author

Common Cold. (2006). Microsoft Encarta Online encyclopedia 2006. Retrieved November 10, 2006, from
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761578766/Common_Cold.html

3. Article in DVD or CD-ROM Encyclopedia

Hart, J. (2006). Water Pollution. Microsoft Student 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation.

4. Article in DVD or CD-ROM Encyclopedia, No Author

Common Cold. (2006). Microsoft Student 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation.

5. Online Journal Article

Munner, P., He, J., Cutler, J., Wildman, R. P., & Whelton, P. K. (2004). Trends in blood pressure among children and
adolescents. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 291 (17), 2110-2111. Retrieved May 22, 2007, from
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/291/17/2107

6. Online Magazine Article

Nash, J. M. (2006, February 20). Where the waters are rising. Time, 165. Retrieved April 25, 2006, from
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/0,9263,7601050425,00html In text: (Nash, 2005)

7. Online Newspaper Article

Waxman, S. (2005, April 19). Hollywood welcomes new crop of moguls. The New York Times. Retrieved January 2, 2007,
from http:///select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70F16FC345A0C7A8DDDAD0894DD404482

Activity 1: Study the jumbled information inside the box. Then, arrange this into an American Psychological Association (APA) style.
Write your Answer in the space provided below.
2005  Aldrin Franks        McFarland & Company Margaret Sanger's eugenic legacy: The control of female fertility.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Duke University Press On being included: Racism and diversity in institutional life 2012 Sam Ahmed 
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Oxford University Press Sam C. South 2014 

Interpersonal relationships and health: Social and clinical psychological mechanisms Carl R. Agnew

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 Activity 2: Read the following statements below. Write C if the statement is correct and I if it is incorrect according to APA
guidelines.
_____ 1. Writing for Psychology Today, Jeffrey Davis suggests that going for a walk is “one of the greatest tools for giving you a
creative advantage at the office or studio.”
_____ 2. Reports suggest that “Sitting is harmful to our overall health.”
_____ 3. Davis (2018) refers to a study conducted by the National Activity Pattern Survey. 87% of American’s time every day is spent
indoors.
_____ 4. The writer goes on to point out that “aerobic workouts […] can also stimulate the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF),
which can produce new brain cells, improve brain plasticity, and regulate energy metabolism and prevent exhaustion”(Davis, 2019).
_____ 5. Walking is work, but it’s work that’s good for the brain – and for creativity. Davis (2019) explains, “Although our brains work
harder to process in different environments, walking outside forces our brains to churn out new ideas every time we take in new sights,
new sounds, new smells, new flavors.” Items 6-10 are cited from a source with page numbers in the original text.
_____ 6. In “A Scientifically Proven Trick for Remembering Pretty Much Anything” Brittney Wong (2019) writes that drawing reminders
to yourself is “more effective than writing and rewriting notes, visualization exercises and passively looking at images” (p. 43).
_____ 7. Wong (2019) explains the practical need for tools to enhance memory. “As people age, the ability to retain new information
slips because of the deterioration of critical brain structures involved in memory, including the hippocampus and frontal lobes.(p. 44)”
_____ 8. “But drawing calls upon regions of the brain involved in visual perceptual processing ― regions that show relatively less
deterioration than areas involved in processing verbal information” (Wong).
_____ 9. Wong (2019, p. 44) concludes the article that the common belief in the value of taking notes and later recopying them as a
study habit for students should be adjusted to acknowledge the power of drawing as the most efficient and effective way to “get test
information to stick.”
_____ 10. Wong cites researcher Melissa Meade in her article. “Meade said she thinks that drawing leads to better memory compared
with other study techniques because it incorporates multiple ways of representing the information — visual, spatial, verbal, semantic
and motoric.” (p. 45).