SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL- Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

Student’s Name: __________________________Grade and Section: __________

Teacher: _________________________________Date Submitted:_____________

I. LEARNING SKILLS
A. Most Essential Learning Competency
Select, cite and synthesize related literature

B. Objective
Cite related literature using standard style (APA, MLA or Chicago Manual of
Style) CS_RS11-lllf-j-2

II. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

Related Literature is composed of discussions of facts and

principles to which the present study is related
Citation is a reference to a source used in your research. It is how you
give credit to the author for their creative and intellectual works that you
referenced as support for your research.

Plagiarism is using someone else’s words or ideas as your own without

giving credit to that person or without citation.

Citing related literature using a standard style is a vital part of doing research.
It allows a researcher to gather additional facts and information which will make a
study more robust and reliable. Further, using standard styles of citation allows one to
give credit by acknowledging the published and unpublished works and studies of
various authors utilized in a study.

The Need for Citing Sources

When writing a research paper, literature citation is important for the following
reasons:
1. To avoid plagiarism which is against the student code of conduct or ethical
standards.
2. To assign proper authority to a statement (this adds weight to your paper)
3. Citation gives details of a scholarly publication’s location, helping people find it
quickly.
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How Do I Choose A Citation Style?
There are many different ways of citing resources from your research. The
citation style sometimes depends on the academic discipline involved. For example:
1. APA (American Psychological Association) used by Education,
Psychology, and Sciences is an author/date-based style. This means
emphasis is placed on the author and the date of a piece of work to uniquely
identify it.
APA 7th Edition
Material Type In-text Citation Bibliography
A book (Sapolsky, Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of
2017) humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books.
An article in a (Weinstein, Weinstein, J. (2009). “The market in Plato’s
print journal 2009) Republic.” Classical Philology, 104(4), 439-458.
An article in an (Grady et al., Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., &
electronic journal 2019) Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A
comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and
racial groups in the United States. Psychology of
Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–
217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185
A website (Bologna, 2019) Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people
with anxiety love watching horror movies.
HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-
love-watching-horror-
movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e

1. MLA (Modern Language Association) is most often applied in the arts and
humanities, particularly in the USA.
In-text Citation
Material Type In-text Citation
Author's name in text Magny develops this argument (67-69).
Author's name in This argument has been developed elsewhere (Magny 67-69).
reference
Two authors' names The most notorious foreign lobby in Washington is the "Sugar
in reference Mafia" (Howe and Trott 134).

Quotation found in The philosopher Alain states that "admiration is not pleasure but
indirect or a kind of attention. . ." (qtd. in Magny 66).
"secondhand" source

Works cited

Material Type Works Cited

Book in print Card, Claudia. The Atrocity Paradigm: A Theory of Evil. Oxford UP,
2005.
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 An article in a Doggart, Julia. "Minding the Gap: Realizing Our Ideal Community
print journal Writing Assistance Program." The Community Literacy Journal, vol.
2, no. 1, 2007, pp. 71-80.
An article in an Sherrard-Johnson, Cherene. "'A Plea for Color': Nella Larsen's
electronic Iconography of the Mulatta." American Literature, vol. 76, no. 4,
journal 2004, pp. 833-869, doi: 10.1215/00029831-76-4-833.
A Page on "Stunning Lakeside View on Lake Erie." VisitPA, Commonwealth of
a Website with Pennsylvania, 7 June 2018, www.visitpa.com/article/stunning-
no author lakeside-views-lake-erie.
A Page on Del Castillo, Inigo. "How Not to Kill Your Houseplants, According to
a Website with Botanists." Apartment Therapy, 29 Jan. 2020,
an author www.apartmenttherapy.com/houseplant-tips-botanists-36710191.

2. Chicago/Turabian style is generally used by Business, History, and the Fine

Arts

Material Type Notes/Bibliography Style

A book in print Note Style: 1. Michael Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural
History of Four Meals (New York: Penguin, 2006), 99–100.
Duplicate Note: 2. Pollan, Omnivore's Dilemma, 3.
Bibliography: Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural
History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin, 2006.
A website Note Style: 1.“Google Privacy Policy,” last modified March 11, 2009,
http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.
Duplicate Note: “Google Privacy Policy.”
Bibliography: Google. “Google Privacy Policy.” Last modified March
11, 2009. http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.

In-text citations in APA and MLA

An APA in-text citation includes the author’s last name and the publication year.
If you’re quoting or paraphrasing a specific passage, you also add a page number.

An MLA in-text citation includes the author’s last name and a page number.

The two styles also have different rules about when to shorten citations with “et
al.” Check the table to compare in-text citations for APA and MLA.

APA MLA
1 author (Taylor, 2018, p. 23) (Taylor 23)
2 authors (Taylor & Kotler, 2018, p. 23) (Taylor and Kotler 23)

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 3–5 authors First citation: (Taylor, Kotler, Johnson, & Parker, (Taylor et al. 23)
2018, p. 23)
Subsequent citations: (Taylor et al., 2018, p. 23)
6+ authors (Taylor et al., 2018, p. 23) (Taylor et al. 23)

Other key difference between APA and MLA

Aspect APA System MLA System

Writing the Author’s
name
Writing the title of the
reading material
Writing the copyright
date
Full surname first, then
followed by initials of first
and middle name
Italicized title with only the
beginning word capitalized
(exception: capital for every
proper noun)
Written after the author’s name
Full surname first, followed
by full first name, and optional
initial of the middle name
Underlined or italicized title
with all content words
capitalized
Written after the publisher’s
name

Citation is necessary to avoid being accused of copying someone’s original

work or plagiarism. According to Nellesca (2020), plagiarism can be considered if
someone turned one’s work as his own, failed to put quotation in quotation marks,
copied ideas from someone without giving credit, changed words but copied the
sentence structure of a source without giving credit and used previous assignment or
essay as a new assignment.

III. ACTIVITIES
A. Practice Tasks
Task 1
Instructions: Identify the words/phrases in the box that are found in APA, MLA
and Chicago Manual of Style. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
author and page number psychology literature
education author and date of publication footnote
humanities social sciences arts

APA MLA Chicago Manual of

Style

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 Task 2
Instructions: Write a citation using the given example of related literature
following the APA, MLA and Chicago Manual of Style. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

Title: Effectiveness of Blended E-Learning Approach in a Flipped

Classroom
Environment
Author: Jose Mari M. Calamlam
Place of Publication: De La Salle Santiago Zobel School, Philippines
Date of Publication: 2016
Page Number: 12

The result for flipped classroom being differently effective to

different types of
students could be explained by this possible scenario. A flipped
classroom environment requires complete compliance to the given
Chicago Manual of
out-of-class activities thus, self-study.
APA MLAThe ability to self-study is a trait
Style
of a high performing student therefore making flipped classroom
effective to this type of students compared to moderate to low
performing students.

Task 3
Instructions: Study the research title given below. Then, using Google Scholar,
search for literature related to the said research title which utilized APA, MLA
and Chicago Manual of Style. Identify at least two (2) literatures for each style
of citation. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

Research Title: The Effects of the New Normal System of Education in Time
of Pandemic on the Academic Performance of ACHS Students in Oral
Communication.
Title of Article/Study, Chicago Manual
APA Style MLA Style
etc. of Style

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 B. Assessment
Instructions: Look for three (3) literatures related to your chosen research
problem from the previous activities. Then, give your source using the APA
style. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.
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IV. RUBRIC FOR SCORING

DEFICIENT AVERAGE EXEMPLARY
CRITERION SCORE
1 3 5
Relevance of Literature are not Adequate literature All literatures are
the related significantly is presented which significantly related
literatures on relevant on the are significant on the on the research topic
the research research topic. research topic. and provide enough
topic support to make the
research valid and
reliable.
Presentation of Concepts are not Concepts are Concepts are
idea presented in a thoroughly presented clearly
logical manner. discussed but have and logically.
some errors in Authors are properly
acknowledging the cited and
sources. acknowledged.
Recency of Related literature Related literature Related literature
related was published 11- was published 6-10 was published 1-5
literatures 15 years ago. years ago. years ago.
Proper use of The use of APA The use of APA style APA style was
APA style style in citing was observed but observed and
related literature few citations did not followed in citing
was not observed follow the proper related literature.
and followed. format.
TOTAL

V. REFLECTION/COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS
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VII. REFERENCES
Avila, R. (2016). Practical Research 1. Diwa Learning Systems Inc. Makati City,
Philippines
Calamlam, JM (2016). Effectiveness of Blended E-Learning Approach in a Flipped
Classroom Environment. De La Salle Santiago Zobel School, Philippines
Espinosa, A. (2016). Practical Research 1. Diwa Learning Systems Inc. Makati City,
Philippines
Lobetos, M. (2018). Lesson 12 citing related literature using standard styles. Oct. 08,
2018. Retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/mjlobetos/lesson-12-citing-
related-literature-using-standard-styles. Retrieved August 1, 2021
McCombes, S. (February 19, 2020). APA vs MLA: The key differences.
Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.com/citing-sources/apa-vs-mla/. Retrieved
July 25, 2020. Scribbr.
Nellasca,B. (2020). Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion-Reading on Related
Studies, Quarter 1-Module 3. Legazpi City, Philippines
Rubi, J. (2021). Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion-Reading on Citing Related
Literature Using Standard Style. Quarter 1-LAS 4. Camarines Sur
University of Pittsburgh Library System (July 21, 2020). Citation Style. Retrieved
from https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
Woodley, M. (2020) Three Types of Resources, Retrieved from
https://libguides.merrimack.edu/research_help/Sources. Retrieved July 25,
2020. MsQuad.

Prepared by:
REU AMOR AMORGANDA-DIGA, Teacher III
Gov. Mariano E. Villafuerte HS, SDO Cam. Sur

Quality Assured by:

GEMMA A. REALO, Principal II PRECIOSA R. DELA VEGA, EPS I
Don Mariano C. Veneracion NHS, SDO SDO Camarines Sur
Cam. Sur
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GILDA A. CASTAŇEDA, Principal I EPS English SDO Masbate City
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Sur Layout Artist:
MARY JANE S. SAN AGUSTIN,
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V. ANSWER KEY
A. Practice Tasks
Task 1
APA MLA Chicago Manual of Style
education author and page number Footnote

author and date of humanities humanities

publication
arts arts
psychology
literature social sciences

Task 2
Answers may vary

Task 3
Answers may vary

B. Assessment
A and B
Answers may vary

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