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8
LEARNING ACTIVITY
SHEET
IN RESEARCH II

QUARTER 2 LAS
2

In-text Citation
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Name of Learner: Grade Level:

Group: Date:

Quarter 2 – LAS 2: IN-TEXT CITATION

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Regional Director : Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director : Ronelo Al K. Firmo

Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheet

Writers : Jessica S. Abordo

Editor/Reviewers : Wilson Angel H. Villarin

Lay-out Artist : Jessica S. Abordo

Management Team

Schools Division Superintendent : Nympha D. Guemo

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent : Maria Flora T. Pandes, EdD
Chief Curriculum Implementation Division : Emma T. Soriano, EdD
Education Program Supervisor : Noel V. Ibis, PhD
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Learning Activity Sheet

IN-TEXT CITATION

INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT
In any academic paper, writers must show how their work
relates to and builds on existing research. However, published
works are usually dense with information. Even one sentence may
include several interconnected ideas, only some of which are
relevant to the paper topic. Writers may need to summarize one
sentence, several sentences, or entire studies.

Effective paraphrasing and citation skills allow writers to

clearly and concisely present and credit the most important or
relevant ideas from published works in their papers. With these
skills, writers become better prepared to make unique contributions
to knowledge in their field.

In this Learning Activity Sheet, you will be oriented about the

use of proper citation (in-text citation) using standard format.

LEARNING SKILLS
At the end of this learning activity sheet, you should be able to:

 Use proper citation (in-text citation) using standard format

 Demonstrate understanding of the different ways of citing references

in text

LEARNING ACTIVITIES
PRE-TEST
Directions: Read each question with comprehension. Select the best answer by
writing the correct letter in your notebook.
1. When should you use in-text citations within your paper?
a. at the end of each page
b. at the end of every paragraph
c. whenever information has come from another sources

2. For all paraphrased or summarized contents, in-text citations must include:

a. the author’s last name and the page or paragraph number
b. the author’s last name and the date of publication
c. the title of the document and the author’s last name
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3. For all quoted material, the in-text citation must include:

a. the author’s last name, title of source, and the page/paragraph
number.
b. the author’s last name, year, title of source, and the
page/paragraph number
c. the author’s last name, year, and the title of the source
4. Which of the following examples includes a properly formatted in text
citation for a summary or paraphrase?
a. Jones (2006) stated the results of the study directly correlate
with the challenges…
b. Smith implied the assumptions of the research indicated a
problem (Smith, 2004).
c. ABC Corporation (Jones, 2001) was operating on significantly
reduced budget
5. Which of the following examples includes a properly formatted
in-text citation for a quote?
a. Matthews said, “The research study results were inclusive”
(para. 4).
b. Alex (1999) said, “After all this time, I find it hard to believe the
theory of…”.
c. Smith (2005) stated, “The rules and regulations clearly mandate
…” (p. 67).
6. Which of the following examples includes a properly formatted
in-text citation for a paraphrase?
a. Adult students are frequently motivated to return to school… (Alex et al.,
2005).
b. After returning from war (Smith et al.), disabled veterans typically face…
c. In examining the philosophies of education, the challenges associated with..
(Carter and Glick).
7. Which of the following examples includes a properly formatted
in-text citation for a quote?
a. “After running for a political office, it was deemed appropriate that we… “
(1997, pg. 128)
b. Johns stated “the placement of the photograph is not conducive…“ (para. 3)
c. “The emphasis on the philosophical discourse is related…” (Williams &
Snode, 2005, p. 45).
8. Select the statement that is true for APA formatted citations.
a. If you are using an on-line source, you can just give the URL in the citation.
b. If no author is listed, then a citation does not need to be included in your
paper.
c. If no date is listed, write n.d. to indicate no date was provided.
9. If the source you are reading includes research from another source, and
you include that information in your paper, how would you cite the source?
a. Include the name and title of the original research, but not the secondary
source.
b. Use the phrase “as cited in…” followed by the secondary source citation.
c. Use the phrase “indirect source” followed by the secondary source citation.
10. Which of the following in-text citations is the correct format for a source
with 3 or more authors?
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a. (Smith et al., 2016)

b. (Smith, Jones & Sloan, 2016)
c. ( Smith, Jones, Sloan, Brown, Lee, Simmons, & Mort. 2016)
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ACTIVITY 1

Whenever you are using anything that came from someone else - words, ideas,
data, images, videos, etc. - you must provide an in-text citation for the source.

In APA style, the in-text citation usually consists of the last name(s) of the
author(s) and date of publication. Page or paragraph numbers must be included
for direct quotations. It's not necessary to include page/paragraph numbers for
paraphrases, but it's encouraged.

There are two ways to cite something in-text:

1) Naming the author/source in a signal phrase (also referred to as a narrative

citation)
eg. Rothecker and Storer (1996) noted that...

2) Parenthetical citation at the end of sentence

eg. Four species of marsupials were identified in the fauna
(Rothecker & Storer, 1996).

The format of an in-text citation may vary slightly, depending on your source.
Consult the APA manual or a reputable online source (see: APA Help) if you have
an unusual source to cite. Some examples you may come across in your research
include:
- three or more authors
- the absence of a listed author
- the absence of a date of publication
- personal communication (emails, lectures, interviews, etc.)
- indirect or secondary sources

1. Identify the correct in-text citation for this quote from Nutrition and Mental Health by Ruth
Leyse-Wallace, 2013.
A. "Levels and ratios of essential fatty acids appear to be linked to anger, violence, hostility, and
aggressive behavior."
B. Leyse-Wallace (2013) notes that "levels and ratios of essential fatty acids appear to be linked to
anger, violence, hostility, and aggressive behavior" (p. 31).
C. Leyse-Wallace notes that "levels and ratios of essential fatty acids appear to be linked to anger,
violence, hostility, and aggressive behavior" (2013, p. 31).
D. Leyse-Wallace (2013) notes that "levels and ratios of essential fatty acids appear to be linked to
anger, violence, hostility, and aggressive behavior."
2. Identify the correct in-text citation for the following summary from this source:
"Multituberculates of the Lac Pelletier Lower Fauna, Late Eocene (Duchesnean), of
Saskatchewan" by John E. Storer, 1993, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 30, iss. 8, pages
1613-1617.
A. Two species of multituberculate mammals were present in Saskatchewan in the Late Eocene
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(1993).
B. Two species of multituberculate mammals were present in Saskatchewan in the Late Eocene
(Storer, p. 1617).
C. Two species of multituberculate mammals were present in Saskatchewan in the Late Eocene
(Storer, 1993).
D. Two species of multituberculate mammals were present in Saskatchewan in the Late Eocene.
3. Identify the correct in-text citation for this source with no author: Thanks a lot, bro. (2016,
August 8). Maclean's, 129(31), 9.
A. (n.a., 2016)
B. (Maclean's, 2016, p. 9)
C. (unknown, 2016, p. 9)
D. (Thanks a lot, 2016, p. 9)
4. Identify the correct reference format for this book: Jellyfish: A Natural History by Lisa-Ann
Gershwin, 2016, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
A. Gershwin, L. (2016). Jellyfish: A natural history. The University of Chicago Press.
B. Gershwin, Lisa-Ann. (2016). Jellyfish: A natural history. Chicago: The University of Chicago
Press.
C. Gershwin, Lisa-Ann. Jellyfish: A natural history. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press,
2016.
D. Gershwin, L. 2016. Jellyfish: A natural history. The University of Chicago Press.
5. Identify the correct reference format for this journal article: "Visualization of a lost painting by
Vincent van Gogh using synchrotron radiation-based X-ray fluorescence elemental mapping" by
J. Dik, K. Janssens, G. Van der Snickt, L. van der Loeff, K. Rickers, & M. Cotte in Analytical
Chemistry, 2008, v. 80, iss. 16, pages 6436-6442. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac800965g
A. Dik, J. et al. (2008). Visualization of a lost painting by Vincent van Gogh using synchrotron
radiation-based X-ray fluorescence elemental mapping. Analytical Chemistry, 80(16), 6436-
6442. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac800965g
B. Dik, J., Janssens, K., Van der Snickt, G., van der Loeff, L., Rickers, K., & Cotte, M. (2008).
Visualization of a lost painting by Vincent van Gogh using synchrotron radiation-based X-ray
fluorescence elemental mapping. Analytical Chemistry, 80(16), 6436-6442.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac800965g
C. Dik, J., Janssens, K., Van der Snickt, G., van der Loeff, L., Rickers, K., & Cotte, M. (2008).
Visualization of a lost painting by vincent van gogh using synchrotron radiation-based X-ray
fluorescence elemental mapping. Analytical Chemistry, 80.
D. Dik, J., Janssens, K., Van der Snickt, G., van der Loeff, L., Rickers, K., & Cotte, M. (2008).
"Visualization of a lost painting by vincent van gogh using synchrotron radiation-based X-ray
fluorescence elemental mapping." Analytical Chemistry, 80(16), 6436-6442. Web. 30 Aug.
2016.
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6. Identify the correct reference format for this webpage (copy and paste the URL into a new
tab/window): https://www.nasa.gov/topics/moon-to-mars/overview
A. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2019). Moon to Mars Overview.
https://www.nasa.gov/topics/moon-to-mars/overview
B. Moon to Mars Overview. (2019). https://www.nasa.gov/topics/moon-to-mars/overview
C. Moon to Mars Overview. (2019, April 5). Retrieved from https://www.nasa.gov/topics/moon-to-
mars/overview
D. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2019, April 5). Moon to Mars Overview.
https://www.nasa.gov/topics/moon-to-mars/overview

The reference list at the end of your work is an alphabetized list of the full
references for the sources cited in the body of your work. With rare exceptions (eg.
personal communication), anything that is cited in the body of your work must be
included in your reference list.

References usually consist of four parts: author, year of publication, title, and
publication information.

References are alphabetized by the authors' surnames. APA style, unlike some
other citation styles, only uses the surname and first and middle initials of the
author in the full reference. An ampersand is used in the place of "and" when there is
more than one author.

The year of publication is enclosed in parentheses after the author(s) name(s).

For titles, capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle, along with any
proper nouns. Italicize the titles of whole works, such as books, periodicals, reports,
or films. Do not italicize the titles of parts of a larger work, such as book chapters or
articles within a periodical.

Book
Storer, J.E. (1989). Geological history of Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Museum of
Natural History.

Chapter in a book

Evans, C.P., Aitken, A.E., & Walker, E.G. (2007). A GIS approach for archaeological
site distribution analysis by physiographic elements in the Lake Diefenbaker region,
Saskatchewan, Canada. In L. Wilson, P. Dickinson, & J. Jendron (Eds.),
Reconstructing human-landscape interactions (pp. 68-83). Cambridge Scholars
Publishing.

Journal Article
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Rothecker, J. & Storer, J.E. (1996). The marsupials of the Lac Pelletier Lower Fauna,
Middle Eocene (Duchesnean) of Saskatchewan. Journal of Verterbrate Paleontology,
16(4), 770-774. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4523774

ANALYSIS
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is CORRECT and FALSE if the
statement is INCORRECT.

________________ 1. When citing one or two authors in-text, never use et al.;
instead, always provide the author(s)’ name(s).

________________ 2. When providing two or more authors’ names in parenthetical

citation, use “and” to join the names, not the ampersand symbol. For example,
(Last name, Last name, and Last name, year, p. X).

________________ 3. Et al. should be used after the first the first author’s last name
every time a source with three to five authors is introduced in the text. For
example, “Last name et al. (year) argued that…”

________________ 4. When mentioning a source with six or more authors in a

sentence, in either a parenthetical citation or in the sentence text, only the first
author’s name and et al. should be provided: “Last name et al. (year) argued
that…”.

ABSTRACTION

Directions: Read each question with understanding. Encircle the letter

of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following choices is the correct formatting for a citation to

personal communication?
a. (J. Johnson, email, para. 4)
b. (Johnson, personal communication, para. 4)
c. (Johnson, email, September 3, 2014)
d. (J, Johnson, personal communication, September 3, 2014)

2. If the cited resource doesn’t provide a publication or copyright date, which

of the following options is correct?
a. (Last name, no date, p. X)
b. (Last name, n.d., p. X)
c. no citation is necessary
3. If the cited resource doesn’t have an identified author, what information
should be provided in the in-text citation?
a. The first few words of the title of the resource, year, p. X)
b. no citation is necessary
c. (Anonymous, year, p. X)
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4. When citing a direct quotation from an e-book that doesn’t have page
numbers, which of the following is the correct approach to indicate the location
of the information within the e-book?
a. a paragraph number
b. a heading plus a paragraph number within the section
c. an abbreviated heading in quotation marks if the original heading is long
d. any of these options, depending on how the information is presented within
the book
5. If the only way to cite a source is through a secondary source citation, which
of the following citations is the correct formatting? In the examples below,
Lastname1 refers to the author of the text you read, whereas lastname2 refers
to the secondary author quoted by the lastname1.
a. (Lastname2, year, p. X)
b. (Lastname2, as cited by lastname1, year, p. X)
c. (Lastname1, year, p. X)
d. (Lastname2, year, as cited in lastname1, year, p. X)
6. If the author’s last name and the year of publication are provided in the
signal phrase before a quotation, what information is required in the
parenthetical citation? For example: “Last name (year) noted that, “quotation
text” [what should be here?]”.
a. (p. X) or (para. X)
b. (page X) or (paragraph X)
c. no citation is necessary
d. the URL where the resource is retrieved

APPLICATION
Fill in the Blank. Fill in all the blanks using information from the
'Reference List' at the bottom of the page.
As Porter explains, it is a measure of competitiveness (Blyton   Kraaijenbrink &   2011;
Snowdown, 2011). This relationship influenced other competitors such as Lufthansa to merge with another
airline to dominate a particular market   2007). The arrangement of an enitity-based contract will
allow data to be shared seamlessly using IT for easy payments and bookings (Flouris &  ).
However, as global discrete networks become multilateral and complex there is no assurance that an
alliance will be effective and competitive with other newly formed networks (Blyton et al.,  . This
type of organisation will be risky for the Skyteam alliance and could be costly long term (Lin &  .

Reference List

Blyton, P., Lucio, M. M., McGurk, J., & Turnbull, P. (2001). Globalization and trade union strategy: Industrial
restructuring and human resource management in the international civil aviation industry. International
Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(3), 445–463. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/09585190010026239

Capaldo, A. (2007). Network structure and innovation: The leveraging of dual network as a distinctive relational
capability. Strategic Management Journal, 28(6), 585–608. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.621
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1

Flouris, T. G., & Oswald, S. L. (2006). Designing and executing strategy in aviation management. Ashgate Publishing.

Kraaijenbrink, J., & Spender, J. C. (2011). Why competitive strategy succeeds - and with whom. In R. Huggins & H.
Izushi (Eds.), Competition, competitive advantage, and clusters: The ideas of Michael Porter (pp. 33—55).
Oxford University Press.

Lin, Y. H., & Chang, Y. H. (2008). Significant factors of aviation insurance and risk management strategy: An empirical
study of Taiwanese airline carriers. Risk Analysis, 28(2), 453–461. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01036.x

Snowdon, B. (2011). The growth and competitiveness of nations: Porter's contribution. In R. Huggins & H. Izushi
(Eds.), Competition, competitive advantage, and clusters: The ideas of Michael Porter (pp. 149–169). Oxford
University Press.
ANSWER KEY
Pre-Test
1. C 6. A
2. B 7. C
3. B 8. C
4. A 9. B
5. C 10. A
Activity 1
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. D
ANALYSIS
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
ABSTRACTION
1. D
2. B
3. C
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4. D
5. B
6. A
APPLICATION
1. et al., 2001;
2. Spender,
3. (Capaldo,
4. Oswald, 2006
5. 2001)
6. Chang, 2008

REFERENCES:

Rothecker, J. & Storer, J.E. (1996). The marsupials of the Lac Pelletier Lower Fauna,
Middle Eocene (Duchesnean) of Saskatchewan. Journal of Verterbrate Paleontology,
16(4), 770-774. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4523774
Google scholar.com