NOTES

Redesigning jobs
- Job rotation
- Training your employees
- Felt timing
- Job sharing ➔ two people doing one job, popular with women who had just had a child but
still need to work so they go in for half the time, for example.
- Telecommunicating ➔ doing your job from home, zoom
These keep the core dimensions going:
1. Skill variety
2. Task identity
3. Task significance
4. Autonomy
5. Feedback
P. 149

Seniority (unions) ➔ the mount of time employees have been working with the company, those
who’ve worked for more years will get paid more
Piece work
Pay on merit ➔ who deserves the raise depending on how hard they’ve worked

ESOP
p. 161
Employee Stock Ownership Plan
Example: Shaw, West Jet
➔ they not only work for the company, you are partners and own a part of the company
➔ having an ESOP is benefctable for a company because they don’t pay taxes, however,
employees in the stock exchange has to pay taxes, and they get a better deal in the stocks

Profit Sharing Plans

When you take the profits and share it among all the employees

Negative feedback is the best feedback so you can improve on your weaknesses

Control is the most important factor for employees

P. 168 - 169
GROUP DEVELOPMENT ➔ TEAMS
The difference is that a team is much stronger and have more power, a group can be a person
with a dog, they are united but they’re not as strong as a team. For example, a group of fireman
will stop the house from burning. The amount of power that they do have in an organization.
5 stages of group development
1. Forming stage ➔ the beginning, how we build the group
2. Storming stage ➔ nobody knows what they’re going to do yet, everybody is looking around,
coming together and deciding what is the best way to achieve this task ➔ this is the most
difficult stage because you may have some preconceived notions about what to do or not do
3. Norming stage ➔ after everybody knows everybody, you decide how its going to go,
delegate, group leader delegates job tasks to different individuals or to another group
4. Performing stage ➔ you actually perform your tasks
5. Adjourning stage ➔ the group gets broken up, form a new group and go through all the
stages again

Briefly describe the group development stages. Exam question

p. 178
FAULT LINES
A hypothetical line which divides the group because of their differences, this happens in the
norming stage because you get to know everyone and find our their differences.
The biggest reason for fault lines is created by cultural differences ➔ for example, you put
together a team of 6 people, two are older gentlemen from the middle east, the other 4 are young
women from Brazil, we have a difference in language, age, religion, gender equality or
perceptions, perception, education, experience, personality
➔ beliefs, bad communication, language, culture

Group decision
1. Leaders ➔ with leaders its usually with 2 or 3
2. Group open vote
3. Group confidential vote
4. Full consensus (hug jury)
5. Brainstorming
This should come up in the norming stage, the leader will let them know how they will come up
with a decision

Team
The perfect number or a team is 7 ➔ easy to manage, remember names, enough people to do a
merit of work and manage everything.

Different types of teams

1. Problem solving team
- 5-12 people
- From the same area ➔ if they are not from the same area or department they will not be able
to solve the problem
- Discuss issues if the department to solve the issues of the department and create a more
efficient way of completing the work in the department
- Rarely has any power to implement ➔ they may come with a solution but they can’t
implement it because of lack of power, someone else has to implement the solution
2. Self-managed
- 10-15 people
- Supervisory role ➔ they do schedules, performance, planning, etc.
- They have all the power to implement
3. Cross-function teams
- Cross-departmental, in the same company or different is they have the same goal and working
together
4. Virtual teams
- Meet online instead of in person
- Multinational companies and organization who have offices all over the wire or across the
country
5. Multi teams
- Merge 2 teams together supposed to work in an efficient matter, from a different company
- Car accident (example)
- Ambulance
- Police
- Fireman
- Investigators
- Insurance
- Towing
- Hospital
Effective team
Context
- Leadership
- Structure
- Resources
- Trust ➔ communication
- Performance evaluation
- Skills
Composition
- Personalities
- Size of the team
- Diversity
- Roles are given
- Flexibility
Process
- Goals
- Purpose
- Team efficiency
- Conflict resolutions

COMMUNICATION
Most important thing in our lives!!!!
70% of time were awake we have an opportunity to community
➔ The ability to discuss the point of view
Message to be sent, ending the message, choosing the channel

P. 204 & 215

Barriers that stop communication
- Information overload
- Lying ➔ leaving out information is lying by omission
- Emotions ➔ trying to communicate with somebody in an emotional state, best thing to do is
come back later
- Language ➔ you have to be able to speak the same language
- Silence
3 WAYS TO COMMUNICATE
- Oral
- Nonverbal
- Your body can be saying something completely different, they will believe your body
language
- Written
Technology has destroyed the ability to write
Verbal is the best way to communicate

LEADERSHIP
p. 224
- They are normally assertive, not aggressive
- They will always listen to the other person
Is a leader born or made?
Studies have determined that leaders have a lot of traits ➔ something you are born with, but you
can improve them. You can be trained to be a leader, however, an extremely shy introvert who is
afraid of people or public speaking could never be trained to be a leader.

Leaders are known by their traits

POWER
- Influence
- Manipulate
- Bosses
- Confidence
- Control
- Freedom
- Strength
- Parents
- Dominance
- Capability
- Money
- Privilege
- Knowledge
- Superiority
- Authority
- Make it happen
- Force

You have to be careful how you use your power

p. 248
Ways a leader can get power ➔ where power comes from
1. Coercive power
- Power that comes from negative results if you do not comply
- Police ➔ if you’re black you don’t comply because they will shoot you
- Bad power to have
2. Reward power
- Reward power gives the leader to reward people on its team
- You should reward the whole team whether they deserve it or not, however, we would hope
that within the team they should take to each other and talk about how they should be involved
if they want to continue on the team
- A team is about equality
3. Legitimate power
- Someone gives it ti you
4. Expert power
- You are the expert in your field
- Team leader is working on a project and one of his followers is the expert in the project and
all his followers leave the leader and go to the expert
5. Referent power
- Person that the influence is based on admiration for another and desire to be like them
P. 252
ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICAL BEHAVIOUR
Activities that you do that are not formalized, but it gives you the ability to influence or attempt
to influence others. It can be either negative or positive
What causes it:
- The individual ➔ plays part in creating organizational behaviour politics because without
people we don’t have problems
- The organization ➔ if you work in a poisoned environment you’re going to be toxic, if you
work in an environment with respect and laughter, you’re going to attract that behaviour

TYPES OF CONFLICT

Traditional conflict
➔ every conflict is bad

Interactionist conflict
➔ conflicts between a group, arguments

Functional conflict
➔ supports views from the group
➔ a conflict in a group that happens naturally

Dysfunctional conflict
➔ it gets personal
➔ you should avoid this type of conflicts
➔ Hate, ego, envy, low level of education
➔ usually based on emotion, women get into these type of conflicts much more

Task conflicts
➔ happens in group work, when somebody does not put in the effort to reach the goal
➔ not everyone is going in the same direction

Relationship conflicts
➔ between a group working together

Process conflicts
➔ on how things are done
➔ good or bad conflicts

CONFLICT STAGES

STAGE 1
- Communication
- Values, emotion, personality which depend on how you’re feeling, what you’re doing
STAGE 2
- Perceptions
- Are we really in a conflict?
- You felt conflict but there might have not been conflict
- There’s anxiety, frustration and hostility towards the pother person or group
STAGE 3
- Intensions
- Do you just want to be right? No one else is right because they are right
- Is it avoidance, the best way is to handle is as soon as it happens, never go to bed angry
- Are you compromising
STAGE 4
- Visible
STAGE 5
- Resolution
Negotiations is a process where two or more people get together to come to a reasonable and
agreeable resolution and conclusion.

PROCESS OF NEGOTIATION
1. Preparing and planning
- Any negotiation needs a plan to make sure it can happen, if not you loose
2. Ground rules
- Establish rules at the beginning, otherwise the negotiation goes in many other directions
- Make clear what were talking about
3. Clarification and justification
4. Bargaining and problem solving
- Its what its all about ➔ you come to a sort of agreement, not everybody gets everything
they’re asking, its give and take
5. Closure and implementation
- Actually doing what you agreed

REVIEW

OUR GROUP
1. Who in our class does not like us? Daniela
2. Who is our tallest student? Gabriel
3. Who’s name do I have the most difficulty with? Leandro
4. What is the second most rep-resentful nationality in our group? Mexicans
5. In km who travellers the furthest to come here? Alice

WORDS
1. Intellectual ability ➔ capacity to think critically and solve problems p. 66
2. Affected intensities ➔ individual differences in the typical intensity with which people
experience their emotional responses p. 66
3. ESOP: employee stock ownership plan p. 161
4. Noise ➔ sound that can affect communication p. 204
5. Organizational political behaviour ➔ ally with like minded political views to solve problems
such as bargaining, negotiation
6. Leadership ➔ someone who has followers and influences people p. 149
7. Personality trait ➔ shy, aggressive, loyal p. 83
8. Decision ➔ the result of the process of discussion P. 112
9. OB ➔ Organizational Behaviour: the study of how people interact within groups and its
principles to operate the business more effectively ex, OB takes into account attitudes,
moods, mine doesn’t have OB p. 3
10. Fault lines ➔ imaginary lines that divide a group p. 176

OH CANADA
1. Where does Ogopogo live ➔ Okanagan Lake
2. In regards to population where does Vancouver rank in Canada ➔ #3
3. Canadas summer national sport ➔ lacrosse
4. How many provinces in Canada? 10
5. Canada has 20% of ➔ freshwater supply
6. How many oceans border Canada? Three: Pacific, Arctic and Atlantic
7. How many time zones are there in Canada? Six
8. How many times has the Canadian national anthem been changed? Three
9. On July 1st how old will Canada be? 155 years

FROM THE BOOK

1. Two ways to describe job satisfaction ➔ job involvement and psychological empowerment
p. 51-52
2. Describe the 5 stages of group development:
- Forming stage ➔ the beginning, how we build the group
- Storming stage ➔ nobody knows what they’re going to do yet, everybody is looking around,
coming together and deciding what is the best way to achieve this task ➔ this is the most
difficult stage because you may have some preconceived notions about what to do or not do
- Norming stage ➔ after everybody knows everybody, you decide how its going to go,
delegate, group leader delegates job tasks to different individuals or to another group
- Performing stage ➔ you actually perform your tasks
- Adjourning stage ➔ the group gets broken up, form a new group and go through all the stages
again
3. Policy of multiculturalism, give a pro and a con LONG ANSWER
- Con: people from other countries can be misunderstood
- Pro: knowledge could be reacher, ideas, ways to solve problems
4. Describe 3 job core dimensions p. 149
- Skill variety, task identity, task significance, feedback
- Feedback: response from leader how we are performing
- Skill variety: degree to which job requires different abilities
- Autonomy: degree how wee can control of the task and decide on our own
5. What we perceive can be different than reality? TRUE P. 7
6. Differences from emotions and moods ➔ emotions are intense feeling and moods are less
intense. Emotions is more time and moods are punctual and on the second p. 63
7. Three sources of power ➔ reward power, legitimate power, expert power, coercive power,
referent power
8. Cognitive affective and behavioural components are a part of what? ➔ Attitude p. 7-B
9. Major difference between psychology and sociology ➔ psychology is individual and
sociology wiki focus on the study of a group and society
10. What is communication ➔ the process of exchanging information