STUDY 1

should, shouldn't
+ I/You/He/She/We/They should start now.
- I/You/He/She/We/They shouldn't (= should not) start now.
? Should I/you/he/she/we/they start now?
 We use should to say that something is a good idea or the right thing to do. We use shouldn't to say that
something is not a good idea or not the right thing to do.
You should buy a new alarm dock.
You shouldn't leave your bag open on a bus.
 Should is not as strong as have to.
We have to go now or we'll be late (= it is necessary to go)
We should go now or we'll be tired tomorrow. (= this is a good idea)
 The forms below are often used for giving advice:
Why don't you check the price on the Internet?
Try drinking hot milk before going to bed.
PRACTICE 1
I. Complete the sentences with one word only.
1) _______________ don't you ask that man for directions?
2) _______________ putting a little salt in the water; it'll taste much better.
3) You _______________worry so much. I'm sure everything will be OK.
4) _______________ I go to the hairdresser's or not? What do you think?
5) You _______________ go to bed early before an exam.
6) _______________ don't you tell him how you feel?
7) You _______________shout at the children. It frightens them.
8) _______________ joining a gym. It's a good way to get exercise.
II. Complete the tips for runners with should or shouldn't and a verb in the box.
go for a run start see try eat take buy do
Running: Top Tips for Beginners
1) First of all, if you are over 45 you _______________ your doctor to check that running is OK for you.
2) Then you _______________ a good pair of trainers, check that they're comfortable and give you good support.
3) You _______________ to do too much at the beginning. Start with ten minutes' running, then walk a little and
then run again.
4) You _______________ running without doing some warm-up exercises to stretch your legs.
5) When you finish, you _______________ some cool-down exercises.
6) At the beginning, you _______________every day. Have a break every second or third day to give your legs
time to relax.
7) You _______________ immediately before you go for a run. Wait at least one hour.
8) You _______________ some water with you especially if it's hot.

STUDY 2
can, can't, have to, don't have to
1. can, can't
+ I/You/He/She/We/They can speak English.
- I/You/He/She/We/They can't (= cannot) speak English.
? Can I/you/he/she/we/they speak English?
We use can and can't to talk about different kinds of possibility.
 ability .
Sue can dance quite well but she can't sing.
 permission
You can't come in!
Can we go home now?
2. have to, don't have to
+ I/You/We/They have to go now.
He/She/It has to go now.
- I/You/We/They don't have to go now.
He/She/It doesn't have to go now.
? Do I/you/we/they have to go now?
Does he/she/it have to go now?
 We use have to if something is necessary.
We have to be at roe airport by 6 o'clock.
 Have to is very similar to must.
We must go now. (= it's necessary)
We have to go now. (= it's necessary)
 We use don't have to if it is not necessary to do something.
We don’t have to wear a uniform an my new school (= it isn't necessary)
REMEMBER!
Have to and must are similar, but don't have to is not the same as mustn't.
You mustn't take any photographs (= you can't, it's prohibited)
You don't have to take any photograph: (= you can, but it's not necessary)

PRACTICE 2
I. Rewrite the phrases in bold using can, can't, have to or don't have to.
1 You are able to leave early if you want to.
2 It's necessary for you to get a visa for the USA. It's the Law.
3 It's not necessary for you to pay me back today.
4 Is it possible for my friend to come, too?
5 Is it necessary to carry my student card with me?
6 It's not possible for you to see him at the moment.
7 It's not necessary to wear a tie, but you can if you want to.
8 It is necessary for you to pay for the tickets now.
9 It's not possible for you to bring dogs in here.
10 You are able to work in the library all evening. It's open until 10 p.m.

II. Complete the conversation with have to / don't have to or can/can't and the verb in brackets.

A: Congratulations — you've got the job!

B: Thanks. What time 1____________ (I / start)?
A: The shop opens at 9 a.m., but you 2____________ (be) here at 8:45 a.m. every day.
B: And 3____________ (I / wear) a uniform?
A: No, you don't, but you 4____________ (wear) smart clothes.
B: Where 5____________ (I / have) lunch?
A: You 6____________ (eat) in our cafeteria or you 7____________ (bring) your own food and eat in the staff room.
Remember, you 8____________ (eat) anything when you are working.
B: I'm worried because I don't know the names of all the perfumes.
A: You 9____________ (know) everything about the perfumes when you start. You 10____________ (ask) me for
help.
B: 11____________ (we / get) any free perfume?
A: We 12____________ (get) free perfume, but we 13____________ (pay) the full price. Only 75 percent of the
price.