Lecture 20: Fluid Kinematics -

Linear Momentum II
The linear momentum equation can be separated into its 3 components as follows
(this is the scalar form of the equation):
� 𝑢𝑢𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝜌𝜌𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐴𝐴𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − � 𝑢𝑢𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝜌𝜌𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐴𝐴𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = � 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥

� 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝜌𝜌𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐴𝐴𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − � 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝜌𝜌𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐴𝐴𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = � 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦

� 𝑤𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝜌𝜌𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐴𝐴𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − � 𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝜌𝜌𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐴𝐴𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = � 𝐹𝐹𝑧𝑧

Recall that
𝑽𝑽 = 𝑢𝑢𝒊𝒊̂ + 𝑣𝑣𝒋𝒋+̂ 𝑤𝑤𝒌𝒌 �
𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 (+)
𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (+)
𝑢𝑢𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 , 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 , 𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑧𝑧 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 (+ or -)
𝑢𝑢𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 , 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 , 𝑤𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 = 𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑧𝑧 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 (+ or -)
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General steps to apply the linear
momentum equation:
• Identify unknown(s)
• Identify control volume
• Identify relevant forces acting on the control
volume: ∑CV 𝑭𝑭
• Separate (write) linear momentum equation into
its 3 components (x, y and z)
• Use the continuity equation (conservation of
mass equation) if you need an additional
equation
Pay attention to sign convention!