For instructional purposes only • 1st Semester SY 2020-2021 37

In this lesson, you will be introduced to alternative protections that allow free
use and share of the works of others.

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

1. Identify alternative protections;

2. Differentiate copyright from commonly used licenses.

How can you determine if the work can be freely used and shared?
Do you know what to look for? Can you look for any textbooks
around you and see if you can use them without the permission of
the owner?

What makes it different from the lawfully regulated IP? On a daily basis,
individuals engaged in creative works such as writings, films, photography,
music, etc. Owners can protect their creative works right away the moment it
was created through copyright, however, not all wanted their works to be
locked-up. Many people wanted their work to be freely shared and even built
upon (Tyo-Dickerson, 2007). Refer below for some forms of licenses as an
alternative for IP protection for computer software, music, art, and others.
Public Domain

Creative works that are not protected by any

intellectual property rights1. Meaning, this allows
anyone to modify and distribute creative work
without committing infringement or any type of
fraud. This can be identified with the mark shown in
Figure 6.13. However, the disadvantage of a public
domain is that others defeat the idea of the term
“Public Domain” by declaring the idea or creation as Figure 6. 13. Public
their proprietary and sell it for profit (Chmielewski, Domain (Wikipedia, Public
Domain, n.d.).
n.d.). Refer below for some examples.

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 38 ScTS 11: Science, Technology and Society

✓ All computer software created before 1974

✓ Works of William Shakespeare
✓ Works of Ludwig van Beethoven

Copyleft

What makes it different from the public domain? This

license also allows creative works to be freely
copied, distributed, and modified and is denoted by
the mark shown in Figure 6.14. The idea came from
the computer software community and that
programming code shouldn't belong to only one
person/company, but be available to all to
incorporate, modify, and share. Unlike the Public Figure 6. 14. Copyleft
Domain, this prohibits users (Wikipedia, Public
Domain, n.d.)

from selling copies or even claiming proprietary rights of their modified

versions. Selling or distributing any creative works under this license is
allowable given that it will follow the copyright protection guidelines
(Chmielewski, n.d.). Refer below for an example.

✓ Linux OS - GPLv2 License

Creative commons

What makes it different from the two licenses

mentioned above? This is a set of licenses that
extends the concept of copyleft to other creative
works. The licenses make the creative works
available to the public free of charge and even
without permission given that the users meet the
conditions for a specific license. Conditions such as
displaying credit to the author and not selling the Figure 6. 15. Creative
work as-is. However, specific licenses allow Commons (Wikipedia,
Copyleft, n.d)
alteration of the work, incorporating the original
piece to another work, and selling the altered and incorporated work for
commercial purposes (Chmielewski, n.d.). Refer below for some examples.

✓ TED Talks-Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives Creative

Commons License (CC-BY-SA License)
✓ Wikipedia Text – Creative Commons Attribution – ShareAlike
License

Page 38 of 131
Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge TP-IMD-02
V0 07-15-2020
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
No. 01-ScTS11-DBS-IM2020