ICT Reviewer
1st Semester, 1st Quarter
11-STEM | PROF. Gilliane | SEM 1 2022
The Current State of ICT
Technologies
According to Blurton 1999, Information
and Communication Technology (ICT) is
defined as “diverse set of technological
tools and resources used to communicate,
create, disseminate, store, and manage.
ICT - is the study of computers as tools for
data processing.
“ICT Hub of Asia” - Philippines
World Wide Web - information system on
the internet that allows documents to be
connected to other documents by
hypertext links, enabling the user to
search for information by moving from one
document to another.
Web 1.0 - refers to the first stage in the
WWW, which was entirely made up of the
Web pages connected by hyperlinks.
Static Web Page - flat page or stationary
age in the sense that the page is “as is”
and cannot be manipulated by the user.
Web 2.0 - evolution of Web 1.0 by adding
dynamic web pages – the user is able to
see a website differently than others.
Examples of Web 2.0:
● social networking
● sites
● blogs
● wikis
Features of Web 2.0:
Folksonomy - allows users to categorize
and classify/arrange information using
freely chosen keywords (tagging)
Rich User Experience - content is dynamic
and is responsive to user’s input.
User Participation - owner of the website
is not the only one who is able to put
content.
Long Tail - services that are offered on
demand rather than on a one-time
purchase.
Software As a Services - users will
subscribe to a software only when needed
rather than purchasing them.
Mass Participation - diverse information
sharing through universal web access.
Web 3.0 - According to W3C, “the
semantic web provides a common
framework that allows data to be shared
and reused across application, enterprise,
and community boundaries”
Several Problems of Web 3.0:
Compatibility - HTML files and current web
browsers could not support Web 3.0.
Security - the user’s security is also in
question since the machine is saving his
or her preferences.
Vastness - The WWW already contains
billions of web pages.
Vagueness - certain words are imprecise.
Logic - since machines use logic, there
are certain limitations for a computer to be
able to predict what the user is referring to
at a given time.
Technology Trends Awareness - being
aware of technology that has lately
become popular and is widely recognized
in the market or industry.
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY - piece of
equipment, software program, or product
system, this equipment helps people
especially those with disability to increase,
to improve and, to maintain their functional
capabilities.
Examples:
Mobility Aids - wheelchairs, scooters,
walkers, canes, crutches, prosthetic
devices, and orthodontic devices.
Hearing Aids - to help people hear or hear
more clearly.
Computer software and hardware - voice
recognition programs, screen readers, and
screen enlargement applications, to help
people with mobility and sensory
impairments use computers and mobile
devices.
Tools - automatic page turners, book
holders, and adapted pencil grips to help
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ICT Reviewer
1st Semester, 1st Quarter
11-STEM | PROF. Gilliane | SEM 1 2022
learners with disabilities participate in
educational activities.
Closed Captioning - allow people with
hearing problems to watch movies,
television programs, and other digital
media.
Physical modifications in the built
environment - ramps, grab bars, and wider
doorways to enable access to buildings,
businesses, and workplaces.
Adaptive switches and utensils - allow
those with limited motor skills to eat, play
games and accomplish other activities.
Devices and features of devices - To help
perform tasks such as cooking, dressing,
and grooming; specialized handles and
grips, devices that extend reach, and
lights on telephones and doorbells are a
few examples.
COLLABORATIVE PLATFORM - The
goal of a collaborative platform is to
facilitate communication and interpersonal
contact in corporate project work.
Examples:
Video Conferences: Zoom, Skype,
Discord, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams
Office Suites: Google Work Space,
Microsoft Office 365, Adobe Creative
Cloud
Online Games: Mobile Legends Bang
Bang, League of Legends, DOTA,
Genshin impact
Educations: Canvas, Edmodo, Google
Classroom
CONVERGENT TECHNOLOGY - An
extension of the term convergence, which
means “coming together” of two or more
separate technology/ Synergy of
technological advancements to work on a
similar goal or task.
Examples:
Smartphones: which combine the
functionality of a telephone, a camera, a
music player, and a digital personal
assistant (among other things) into one
device.
Artificial Intelligence: AI is when
machines seem to be “intelligent.”
The Internet of Things: IoT is when
physical devices, also called connected
devices or smart devices, have electronics
implanted in them that give them the
ability to link to the Internet.
MOBILE TECHNOLOGY - The popularity
of smartphones and tablets has taken a
major rise over the years.
Examples:
■ Android: Developed by
Google.
■ Blackberry OS: Developed by
Blackberry use in blackberry
devices
■ Firefox OS: Collaborative
project by Firefox for
smartphones
■ KaiOS: For feature phones
■ iOS: Developed by Apple, use
in apple devices such as
iPhone and iPad
■ Symbian: The original
smartphone OS. Used by
Nokia devices
■ Web OS: Originally used in
smartphones, now in smart
TVs.
■ Windows Phone OS: A closed
source and proprietary
operating system developed by
Microsoft.
SOCIAL MEDIA - Are computer-mediated
tools that allows people or companies to
create, share or exchange information,
career interest, ideas and even pictures
and videos in virtual communities and
networks.
Types of Social Media:
Social Networks: These are sites that
allow you to connect with other people
with the same interests or background.
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ICT Reviewer
1st Semester, 1st Quarter
11-STEM | PROF. Gilliane | SEM 1 2022
Bookmarking Sites: Sites that allow
you to store and manage links to
various websites and resources.
Social News: Sites that allow users to
post their own news items or links to
other news sources.
Media Sharing: Sites that allow you to
upload and share media content like
images, music, and video.
Blogs and Forums: Allow users to
post their content.
INTERNET SAFETY - goal of internet
safety, also known as online safety,
cyber safety, and E-Safety, is to
minimize a user's ignorance of the
security hazards to their personal
safety and property associated with
using the internet as well as to protect
themselves from computer crime.
NETIQUETTE - made-up word,
netiquette is constructed from the
words net and etiquette. netiquette
refers to the standards of behavior for
polite and appropriate online
conversation.
INFORMATION YOU MUST LIMIT TO
SHARE ONLINE:
● Personal Information
● Contact Information
● Educational Background
● Financial Account
● Location
THE 10 COMMANDMENTS OF
NETIQUETTE:
RULE NO. 1: REMEMBER THE HUMAN
RULE NO. 2: ADHERE TO THE SAME
STANDARDS ONLINE THAT YOU
FOLLOW IN REAL LIFE.
RULE NO. 3: KNOW WHERE YOU ARE
IN CYBERSPACE
RULE NO. 4: RESPECT OTHER
PEOPLE’S TIME AND BANDWIDTH
RULE NO. 5: MAKE YOURSELF LOOK
GOOD ONLINE
RULE NO. 6: SHARE EXPERT
KNOWLEDGE
RULE NO. 7: HELP KEEP FLAME WARS
UNDER CONTROL
RULE NO. 8: RESPECT OTHER
PEOPLE’S PRIVACY
RULE NO. 9: DON’T ABUSE YOUR
POWER
RULE NO. 10: BE FORGIVING OF
OTHER PEOPLE'S MISTAKE
Internet Threats - category of
cybersecurity risks that may cause an
undesirable event or action via the
internet.
Malware - catch-all term for any type of
malicious software, regardless of how it
works, its intent, or how it’s distributed.
Virus - specific type of malware that
self-replicates by inserting its code into
other programs.
MALWARE - any software that is
consciously created to disrupt a computer,
server, client, or computer network, leak
sensitive data, obtain unauthorized access
to data or systems, deny users access to
information, or unintentionally compromise
a user’s computer security and privacy.
TROJAN: trojan horse virus is a form of
malware that installs into a computer
pretending to be a reliable application.
● ROGUE SECURITY SOFTWARE:
Rogue security software is a type
of malicious software and online
fraud that tricks consumers into
thinking their computer has a virus
and tries to persuade them to pay
for a phony malware removal
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ICT Reviewer
1st Semester, 1st Quarter
11-STEM | PROF. Gilliane | SEM 1 2022
program that in fact installs
malware on their computer.
● WORM: After infiltrating a system,
a computer worm is a subset of
Trojan horse malware that may
spread or self-replicate from one
computer to another without
human activation.
SPYWARE: Malicious software, often
known as malware, such as spyware, is
placed on a computer without the end
user's knowledge.
● KEYLOGGER: The act of secretly
recording the keys pressed on a
keyboard such that the person
using it is unaware that their
actions are being watched is
known as keystroke logging, also
known as keylogging or keyboard
capture.
ADWARE: commonly referred to as
advertising-supported software, makes
money for its creators by displaying
banner ads on your screen, typically inside
of a web browser.
● SPAM: Malspam is an abbreviation
for "malware spam" or "malicious
spam," which refers to spam
messages that include malware.
HOW DOES A COMPUTER MALWARE
SPREAD:
● Phishing: Fraudulent emails
that look authentic can carry
worms in corrupt attachments.
● Spear-Phishing: Targeted
phishing attempts can carry
dangerous malware like
ransomware crypto worms.
● Networks: Worms can
self-replicate across networks
via shared access.
● Security holes: Some worm
variants can infiltrate a system
by exploiting software
vulnerabilities.
● File sharing: P2P file
networks can carry malware
like worms.
● Social networks: Social
platforms like MySpace have
been affected by certain types
of worms.
● Instant messengers (IMs): All
types of malware, including
worms, can spread through
text messages and IM
platforms such as Internet
Relay Chat (IRC).
● External devices: Worms can
infect USB sticks and external
hard drives.
Intellectual property rights - category of
property that includes intangible
creations of the human intellect.
4 types of intellectual property:
Copyright - legal phrase that describes
the rights that authors and artists have
over their literary and artistic creations.
Trade Secret - confidential information
which may be sold or licensed.
Trademark - sign capable of
distinguishing the goods or services of
one enterprise from those of other
enterprises.
Patent - exclusive right granted for an
invention, which is a product or a
process that provides, in general, a
new way of doing something, or offers
a new technical solution to a problem.
Copyright Infringement - considered to
have been violated when it's copied,
distributed, performed, publicly
displayed, or transformed into a
derivative work without the owner’s
consent.
Plagiarism - using some else’s work or
ideas without giving proper credit.
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ICT Reviewer
1st Semester, 1st Quarter
11-STEM | PROF. Gilliane | SEM 1 2022

Common Types of Plagiarism: credential/expertise and

provides contact
Direct Plagiarism: Is the unattributed, information.
unmarked transcription of a passage ■ Currency: Information is
from another person's work word for current & updated
word. frequently.
■ Fairness: Content is
Self Plagiarism: Occurs when a
balanced, presenting all
student submits their own prior work or
sides of an issue and
combines portions of prior works
multiple points of view.
without getting permission from all of
■ Use of Search Engines:
the teachers concerned.
Search Engines are
Mosaic Plagiarism: When a student programs that look for
uses terms from a source without documents based on
putting them in quotes or finds specified keywords and
synonyms for the author's words while return these documents
adhering to the general format and where the keywords were
content of the original, this is known as found.
mosaic plagiarism. ■ Major Search
Engine: • Google
Accidental Plagiarism: Accidental • Yahoo (uses
plagiarism occurs when a person fails google) •
to mention their sources, incorrectly AltaVista • Bing •
paraphrases them, or unintentionally Lycos
uses similar terms, word groupings, or ■ Relevance: Content is
sentence structures without giving due relevant to your topic or
credit to the original author. research.
Fair Use - used without consent as GOOGLE LIKE A PRO:
long as it is used in Fair Uses of
Copyrighted Material. SITE: Using site: to search with in spe

Contextualized Online Search and ASTERISK: Using * (asterisk) to fill the

Research Skills
- utilize the internet as a tool for
reliable information gathering
and research to best meet
particular class objectives or
solve a situation.
EVALUATING INFORMATION
■ Accuracy: Content is
grammatically correct,
verifiable and cited when
necessary
■ Author: Defines who
created the content, the
individual or group’s
missing word or phrase specific
website
HYPHEN: Using - (hyphen) to exclude
word or phrases
QUOTATION: Use " " (quotation) to
search for exact words or phrases.
RANGE: Use ... (range) to search
within a range of numbers
PLUS: Use + to search pages that
contain both words
LINK: Use link to search for a page
that is link to another page

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ICT Reviewer
1st Semester, 1st Quarter
11-STEM | PROF. Gilliane | SEM 1 2022

MS Word Shortcut Keys Ctrl+E

Open a Ctrl+O
document
Align the text to Ctrl+L
Create a new Ctrl+N the left
document
Align the text to Ctrl+R
Save the Ctrl+S the right
document
Cancel a ESC
Close the Ctrl+W command
document
Undo the Ctrl+Z
Cut the selected Ctrl+X previous action
content to the
clipboard Redo the Ctrl+Y
previous action,
Copy the Ctrl+C if possible
selected content
to the clipboard Adjust the zoom Alt+W, Q, then use
magnification the Tab key in the
Ctrl+V Zoom dialog box to
Paste the
go to the value you
contents of the want.
clipboard
Split the Ctrl+Alt+S
Select all Ctrl+A
document
document window
content
Remove the Alt+Shift+C or
Apply bold Ctrl+B Ctrl+Alt+S
document
formatting to text window split
Apply italic Ctrl+I
formatting to text

Apply underline Ctrl+U

formatting to text

Decrease the Ctrl+Left bracket ([)

font size by 1
point

Increase the font Ctrl+Right bracket

size by 1 point (])

Center the text