PETE 101

INTRODUCTION TO THE PETROLEUM

INDUSTRY

D R . ABD U L AZIZ AL - MAJ ED

SEPT EM BER 2 0 1 7
 PART 3
PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM
 Products of Crude Oil

Natural petroleum cannot be used because it contains

a wide range of compounds.

Petroleum is separated into different “fractions” that

are used for specific purposes.

Separation is performed in the field and a refinery.

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Field gas-oil separation plant

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Principles and Operation of Production Separators

─ Gas, oil and water separation was achieved by

the difference in gravity, or weight, of each fluid.

─ Production separator do the same job, except they

are built to handle a continuous-flow stream and
have features to improve separation efficiency
under flow conditions.

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Three general types of
separators
─ Horizontal separator
─ for high-pressure and medium-pressure service

─ Vertical separator
─ for low-pressure service (generally)

─ Spherical separator
─ more compact and cheaper
─ limited separation space and liquid surge capacity
─ for low-volume remote platforms

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 Flare

Gas Gas
Treatment
Fuel Gas
System Gas
Gas
Treatment
First Stage Oil Gas
Separator Export
Second Stage
Separator
Water Third Stage
Wellhead Separator

Oil

Water
Coalescer

Water
Oil Export
Treatment
Terminal
System

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Refinery

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Refinery

Oil refinery Distillation

Plant
Car fuel
Jet fuel

Road tar
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Anacortes_Refinery_31911.JPG en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Crude_Oil_Distillation.png

• Before it can be used crude oil must be refined.

• Hydrocarbons can be separated using distillation, which
produces different fractions (or types) of oil and gas
 Petroleum Fractions

1. Natural gas: Mostly methane (C1)

2. Petroleum gases: Fuel gas (C2 - C4)
3. Petroleum ether: Solvents, cleaners, paint
thinners (C5 - C6)
4. Naphtha: Gasoline, solvents (C5 - C9)
5. Kerosene: Cooking fuel, jet fuel (C10 - C12)
6. Light gas oil: Diesel fuel (C13 - C16)
7. Heavy gas oil: Bunker oil, lubricants (C16 - C20)
8. Parafin wax: Creams, cosmetics, wax (C20 - C30)
9. Residue: Asphalt, tar, varnish, wax (> C30)
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 Other uses
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:CD-R.jpg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Konservering.jp

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lilit.jpg Food additives

CDs and DVDs

Plastic Fertilizers and

Pesticides
• The remaining 16% of crude oil is used for a range of purpos
shown above as well as synthetic fibres, dyes and detergents