UNIT 4 ANIMALS

We can divide animals into two groups: VERTEBRATES and INVERTEBRATES.

Characteristics of vertebrates

Vertebrates have:
- An articulated internal skeleton:
➢ Bones: spinal column ( Is in the middle of the torso and connects the skull to
the pelvis)
- Muscles to move the bones.
- Limbs: allow them to move.
Limbs can be: legs, wings or fins.

Vertebrates can be: oviparous or viviparous.

We divide vertebrates into five groups: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

LIVE BODY BREATHE REPRODUCE FEED

FISH Aquatic *Elongated body Gills Oviparous Another
environment aquatic
*Different types of -Takes oxygen -Lay small and animals
fins to move: in the mouth round eggs.
-two pectorals
-two pelvic -Gills filter the
-A female fish
-one dorsal fin water lays many
-one anal fin eggs, but only
-Gas exchange few survive to
*Body covered in fine takes place. adulthood.
bony scales (protect
and help to move) -Expels water
containing
*Teeth adapted to the carbon dioxide.
way of feeding.

AMPHIBIANS Freshwater *4 Legs Gills Oviparous Carnivores

(sometimes *Tadpoles and
on dry land) *Some have a tail. live in water -Lay round (insects,
eggs in the snails….)
*Moist and slippery water
skin Lungs and
skin -Changes:
*Adults metamorphosis
before they
become adults.
BIRDS Adapted *2 Wings Lungs Oviparous *Feed on
vertebrates insects, fruits
for flying *The body is covered *Birds lay eggs and seeds
with feathers. that have
shells. *Have a
*Hollow and light digestive
bones *Females lay tube with
eggs in nests several
* Excellent vision and incubate cavities.
them until they
are born.
They look after
them for a
period of time.

MAMMALS They live free *Fur on the body Lungs Viviparous Carnivores,
in the sea, in (maintain body (mother 's herbivores
temperature) body). or
the air, in the
omnivores
rivers, in the *4 Limbs: legs, fins *After birth, the
mountains, in or wings young feed on ( The
the forests, in milks digested
system is
the jungle, in *Parents look adapted to
the desert. after them until the type of
they can look food they
after eat)
themselves). Parts: Mouth,
esophagus,
stomach,
small
intestine,
large
intestine,
anus.

REPTILES Dry land *Skin is covered in Lungs Oviparous They can be:
hard scales ( to
protect the body). *Snakes have *Eggs have herbivores,
a long thin shells and are omnivores
*4 legs body elongated. or
*Claws: to protect carnivores
themselves *Snakes have *Female lays
one small lung eggs on dry
and another land.
lung that runs
along most of
its body.