Pa NATURAL DISASTERS PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A, VOCABULARY Word accommodation bury collapse damage disaster drought earthquake erupt eruption evacuate forest fire homeless mudslide put out rage rescue worker Scatter shake tornado trap tsunami typhoon victim Type Pronunciation (n) (v) (v) (n) (n) (n) (n) (v) (n) (v) (n) (adj) (n) v) (v) (a) (v) (v) (n) (v) (n) (n) (n) /akomo'derfn/ Iberi/ Ika’ leeps! !'deemid3/ /d1'za:sta/ /dravt/ /'3:0kwerk/ Av rapt/ Jv rapjn/ Jt veekjuert/ /'fortst farar/ /haumles/ /'madslard/ /put aut/ /reid3/ /'teskju: ‘w3:ka/ I'skzetal Aferk/ /to:'nerdau/ /trep/ /tsu:‘na:mi/ /tar'fu:n/ /viktim/ Meaning chdo chén vui, vui lap d6, sap, sup, d6 sap su thiét hai, sy hu hai tai hoa, tham hoa han han tran dong dat phun (nui lita) su phun (nui lita) so tan chay ritng Khéng cé nha cita, v6 gia cu la bin dap tat (Ia...) dién ra 4c liét, hung dit nhan vién citu ho tung, rai, rac rung, lac, lam rung léc xoay lam cho mac ket song than bao nhiét déi nan nhan Scanned with CamScannerae NATURAL DISASTERS B. GRAMMAR REVIEW I. Passive voice (Cau bi dng) TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE 1. The simple S+V(-s/es) 5+ amiis fare + Vpp present 2. The present $+am/ is/are+ V-ing | S+ am/is / are/ + being + Yb continuous 3. The present S$ +have/ has + Vpp S + have/ has + been + Vb perfect 4. The present S+have/has+been+ | S +have/ has + been + being perfect continuous V-ing +Vpp 5. The simple past S + V2/V-ed S + was/ were + Vpp 6. The past S+was/were+V-ing | S+ was/ were + being+ Vpp continuous 7. The past perfect S+had + Vpp S + had+ been + Vpp 8. The past perfect} $+ had + been + V-ing | S+had +been+ being + Vpp continuous 9. The simple S + will/ shall + V S + will/ shall + be + Vpp future 10. The simple | $ + will/ shall + be + V-ing | S + will/ shall + be + being + continuous Vpp 11. The simple |S + will/ shall + have + Vpp|S + will/ shall + have + been | future perfect Vpp 12. The near future S+ be going to + V S+ be going to + be + Vpp 13, Modal Verbs |S + Modal + V-bare Inf S + Modal + be + Vpp Il. Past perfect tense. (Thi qué kh hoan thanh) A. Forms - Dang thitc 1. Affirmative - Dang khang dinh S+had + PII Part participle PIL - Qué khit phan tw Scanned with CamScannerqro dong had diing cho moi chit nga. Had duoc viét tat thanh ‘d. vidu: When we arrived, she had left. (Khi ching ti dén, 6 éy da di) 2, Negative - Dang phii dinh | S$ +had not + PII vidu: Katen had not finished making dinner by the time her husband came home. (Karen da van chua ndu xong bita t6i khi chéng cé dy vé nha.) 3, Interrogative - Dang nghi van ‘ Had +§ + PI? - Yes, § + had. - No, S + had not. Vidy: Had you studied English before you moved to New York? (Ban da hoc tiéng Anh truéc khi chuyén dén New York chi?) B, Uses - Gach ding 1. Thi Qua khit hoan thanh dién ta hanh dong da xay ra truéc mot hanh dong hay mot thi diém khac trong qué khu. Cach ding nay thudng sit dung cdc cach dién dat thdi gian “before, after, by, by the time”. Vi du: She had left before we got home. (Cé ay da rdi di trutéc khi chung tdi vé dén nha.) She had lef by 8a.m. (Cé dy da rdi di trudc 8 gid sang.) 2. Thi Qué kh hoan thanh dién ta hanh dong da xay ra va dé lai két qua hay dau higu trong qué kha. Vi dy: They were happy because they had scored a goal. (Ho vui miing vi ho da ghi dugc mét ban thang.) 3. Thi Qué khit hoan thanh 1a dang qué khit cita thi Hién tai hoan thanh. Vidu: Thi HTHT: We aren't hungry. We have just eaten lunch. (Hién tai ching téi khong déi. Chung tdi vita mdi an trua.) Thi QKHT: We weren't hungry. We had just eaten lunch. (Chung t6i khong déi. Ching tdi da an trufa trudc dé réi.) Scanned with CamScannerWUNTUIE NATURAL DISASTERS C. Signals - Dau higu nh4n biét thi qué kh hoan thanh before (truéc khi) after (sau khi) By the time (tinh dén hic) By + time (in the past) (tinh dén (mot thdi gian trong qué khtt)) forgot, realized, remembered (quén, nhan ra, nhé (da hodc chia lam gi)) PART 2: EXERCISES A. PHONETICS I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced different from the others. A. twice B. flight C. piece D. mind A. about B. around C. sound D. young A. cover B. oven C. coffee D. company A. plates B.cakes C. mates D. places A. laughed B. learned C. changed D. arrived II. Choose the words that have the different stress from the others. A. relief B. debris C. typhoon D. severe A. erupt B. victim C. forest D. message A. volcano B. tropical C. government D. property A. geography B. evacuate C. emergency D. temporary A. scatter B. earthquake C. collapse D. mudslide B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Find the one choice that best completes the sentence: 1. A table with four chairs is .............. of the dining room. A.in B. the middle C.inthe middle D. about 2. You... . brush your teeth twice a day. A. should B.can C. will D. have Scanned with CamScanner3, Timisa good student. He did very well in the first semester. His mother is . him. A.sorryfor BB. sad C. proud of D. displeased Trt teeter seeees next year. A.isopened _ B. will be opened C. is opening 4, Thenew hotel D. opens 5, Would you Mind .........0.. ON the light? A. turn B. to turn C. turned D. turning 6, -Where is the fridge? - Its... the corner of the kitchen. Ain B. at C.to D. above 7. Did the children enjoy... when they were on holiday? A. themselves _ B. themself C. himself D. itself g. Carmen didn't use to eat fish, but now she A. used to B. do C. does D. doesn't 9. Inever go to Australia. 1... to Australia yet. A. went B. have been C. will go D. haven't been 10.P'm. . Let’s do something. How about going to a movie? A. boring B. bore C. bored D. being bored 11. Pm hungry. ......:.000 is for dinner this evening? A. Why B. When C. How D. What 12. The old lady sat in a corner talking to ... A. himself B. itself C. herseli D. themselves BT .. swimming very much. A. wait B. try C. enjoy D. finish 14. The teacher said, “Come at 8 o'clock”. ~ The teacher told the students .... . at 8 oclock. A.notto come B. to come C. coming 15. Mary is watching a film. She really likes it. Mary is really A.tointerest B. interest C. interested D. interesting 16... .... to do homework today? A.Have you —_B, Do you have C. Must you D. You must Scanned with CamScanner— NATURAL DISASTERS 17. She knows that he worked really A. good B. hardly C. better D. hard this semester. 18. Stop, boys! It’s .....seesneu Near the streets. A. dangerous for playing B. dangerously to play C. dangerous to playing D. dangerous to play 19. It’s possible to supplement one’s ..». by taking a part-time job, A. income B. earning C. gaining D. attainment 20. Do you mind if switch on the radio? - .... A.No, thank —_B. Yes, go ahead C.No, notatall —_D. Yes, you can II. Fill in the correct verb form. 1. They (come) ............... back home after they (finish) ............... their work 2. She said that she (meet) ............ceccccceeeee Mr. Bean before. 3. Before he (go) seseees aNOvEl, 4. He told me he (not/wear) ............cccccccecesseeees such kind of clothes before 5. When I came to the stadium, the match (start) . aa 6. After Nick (do) ............ his homework, he (go) . .. to bed last night. 7. Mai (live) ooo. in Hai Phong for five years before she (move) sanedeeede soceusies sepainate to Ha Noi three years ago. me yesterday that he (learn) .......... French for a year. -. at our school for twenty years before she (retire) eer to Nick’s house, his party (already/ start) 11. When we (come) ... back to our home village last month, it (change) so much. 12. I couldn't recognize my cousin because he (grow) .... 13. By the time the bus (come) ..........c.cscccee this morning, Duong (wait) eeadsleneessoecsvese for it for half an hour. 14. Before she (listen) 15. Last night, Peter (go) ........... to the supermarket before he (go) .....---- home Scanned with CamScannerCc READING , Choose the correct word A,B, C or D for each passage. More than a billion peopk ean Pi me all over the world are (1) ... .. the threat of desert exp: » Dut few of them are aware that they themselves cause it and are also its (2) People cut (3) .. trees for fuel and farmland. Their herd eat (4) the grass covering valley floors and hillsides. The climate and soil quality, therefore, are affected and forests are turned into (5) In some Places, many people had to leave their homes when their wells became dry and sand buried their houses and crops. Therefore, government in nearby areas have had local people (6) trees and banned burning firewood for fuel. Many techniques have been (7) ... .. . For example, in Iran, a thin covering of oil was poured on sandy areas to retain (8) .. for planting trees, but this method may harm the environment. Other countries built long canals or pipelines (9). water to desert areas. Unless people find more (10)... ... methods, their homes and land will be lost. The last against the desert is continuing. ap to complete the following 1 A.of B.in C.on D. under 2. A. victims B. enemies C. friends D. effects 3. A. off B. back C. down D.in 4. A.up B. away C. into D. out 5. A. blanks B. deserts C. spaces D. bareness 6. A. planting B. plant C. to plant D. planted 7. A.using B. use C. used D. uses 8. A fertilizer B. soil C. earth D. water 9. A. to carry B. take C. fetch D. bring 10. A. great B. effective C. major D. useful Il. Read the following passage, choose the best answer for each question followed. Since the world has become industrialized, there has been an increase in the fumber of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction. Bengal tiger, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast number, now only about 2,300 and by the year 2025, their population is estimated to be down to zero. at is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have Scanned with CamScannerbom NATURAL DISASTERS ) been caused almost entirely by poachers who according to some sources, are Not interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example Of the callousness that is part of what is causing the problem of extinction. Animals like Bengal tigers as well as other endangered species are a valuable part of the worlg, ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival and the survival of our planet. Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in order to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. With the money they get, they can invest in equipment, and patrols to protect the animals. Another solution that is an attempt to stem the tide of animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This seems fairly effective but it will not, by itself, prevent animals from being hunted and killed. 1. What is the main topic of the passage? A. the Bengal tiger B. international boycotts D. problems with industrialization C. endangered species 2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “alarming” in paragraph 1? A.dangerous __B. serious C. gripping D. distressing 3. Which of the following could best replace the word “case” as used in paragraph 1? A. act B. situation C. contrast D. trade 4. The word “poachers” as used in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by which of the following? A. illegal hunters B. enterprising researchers C. concerned scientists D. trained hunters 5. The word “callousness” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by which of the following? A.indirectness B.independence _ C. incompetence 6. The above passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast D. insensitivity A.a problem and a solution B. a statement and an illustration C. a comparison and a contrast D. specific and general information Scanned with CamScanner1 what does the word “this” refer to in paragraph 1? A. endangered species that are increasing p, Bengal tigers that are decreasing c, poachers who seek personal gratification Dp. sources that may not be accurate 8 which of the following could best replace the word “allocated” in paragraph 2 A.setaside BB. combined C. organized D. taken off g, The word “defray” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to which of the following? A. lower B. raise C. make a payment on D. make an investment toward 10. The author uses the phrase “stem the tide” in paragraph 2 to mean A. touch B. stop C. tax D. save 11. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude? A.forgiving —_B. concerned C. vindictive D. surprised IIL Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word, EL NINO AND LA NINA The tropical Pacific Ocean (1) ... ... a warming and cooling cycle. This cycle (2) ... a completely natural event and usually (3) wa eVETY three to seven years. When the waters become (4) become cooler it is called La Nina. During the cycle, the (5) ... ocean can change by around 3°C between the warmest and coolest times. (6) of the South American coast have known about this (7) = event for hundreds of years. When it (8) ww they see a huge fall in the numbers of fish caught. (9) ... scientists are only just beginning to(10).., __.. how the event affects Earth’s weather and climate. it is called El Nino, and when they . of the D. WRITING L. Rewrite the sentences |. David had gone home before we arrived. Scanned with CamScannertod NATURAL DISASTERS ; 2. We had lunch then we took a look around the shops. ~ Before ... { 3. The light had gone out before we got out of the office. — When. 4. After she had explained everything clearly, we started our work. — By the time 5. My father had watered all the plants in the garden by the time my mother‘ ; came home. — Before II. Correct the verb form of the sentences. 1. When I (come) . . there, they (leave) ........::sssereeeeeeee 2. When I (get up) this morning, my father (leave) sae 3. After the children (finish) ....4.......00000+ their homework, they (go) ..........,.' | to bed. 4, I(do)..... it before he (come) ..........-:21:eeeeeee 5. I (meet) .. .. them after they (divorce) .... 6. IfI (not buy) ............006 this dress, I (have) ......::seseeees III. Change the following sentences into passive voice. 1. They can't make tea with cold water. Scanned with CamScannerg. They may use this room for the classroom. Scanned with CamScanner