Geometry-Fundamentals Skip #42, 59, 75, 88, 91

GMAT Geometry: Fundamentals
Je§ Sackmann / GMAT HACKS

February 2008
Contents
1 Introduction 2
2 Di¢culty Levels 3
3 Problem Solving 4
4 Data Su¢ciency 22
5 Answer Key 34
6 Explanations 37
1
Je§ Sackmann
GMAT Tutor
je§sackmann@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION www.gmathacks.com
1 Introduction
This document contains nothing but GMAT Geometry questionsñ100 of them,
to be exact. While the basic Geometry conceptsñtriangles, circles, the coor-
dinate planeñare not that tricky, very few GMAT test items have questions as
straightforward as the ones you learned to do in junior high or high school.
As in all of my GMAT preparation resources, youíll Önd these questions
indexed by di¢culty.
The GMAT Math Bible has several chapters (along with focused practice) on
Geometry and related issues, including individual chapters on lines and angles,
triangles, right triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, solids, polygons, and coordinate
geometry. If you Önd you are struggling with the mechanics of these problems,
your time is probably better spent with the GMAT Math Bible than in doing
dozens and dozens of practice problems, hoping to pick up those skills along the
way.
As far as strategy is concerned, there are dozens of articles at GMAT HACKS
to help you with your strategic approach to Arithmetic questions. Most impor-
tantly, you should make sure you understand every practice problem you do. It
doesnít matter if you get it right the Örst timeñwhat matters is whether youíll
get it right the next time you see it, because the next time you see it could be
on the GMAT.
With that in mind, carefully analyze the explanations. Redo questions that
took you too long the Örst time around. Review questions over multiple sessions,
rather than cramming for eight hours straight each Saturday. These basic study
skills may not feel like the key to GMAT preparation, but they are the di§erence
between those people who reach their score goals and those who never do.
Enough talking; there are 100 Geometry questions waiting inside. Get to
work!
2
Copyright 2008 Je§ Sackmann
je§sackmann@gmail.com - www.gmathacks.com
Je§ Sackmann
GMAT Tutor
2. DIFFICULTY LEVELS www.gmathacks.com
2 Di¢culty Levels
In general, the level 5 questions in this guide are 500- to 560-level questions.
The level 4 questions represent a broad range of di¢culty from about 380 to
500.
Moderately Easy (4)

PS
2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 32, 39, 45, 46, 47, 50
DS
51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 59, 61, 62, 66, 67, 69, 71, 72, 73, 77, 79, 81, 83, 90, 93,
95, 97, 98, 100
Moderate (5)
PS
1, 3, 4, 5, 11, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 48, 49
DS
55, 58, 60, 63, 64, 65, 68, 70, 74, 75, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91,
92, 94, 96, 99
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3. PROBLEM SOLVING www.gmathacks.com
3 Problem Solving
Note: this guide contains both an answer key (so you can quickly check your
answers) and full explanations.
1. Rectangular region X and triangular region Y have equal area. If

the region X has a length of 14 meters and a width of 15 meters
and region Y has a height of 12 meters, what is the length of the
base of region Y, in meters?
(A) 17
(B) 17.5
(C) 28
(D) 32.5
(E) 35
2. On the graph above, when x = 2, y = 14 , and when x = 1, y = 34 .

The graph is symmetric with respect to the vertical line at x = 3.
According to the graph, when x = 4, y =
(A) ! 34
(B) ! 14
(C) 0
1
(D) 4
3
(E) 4
4
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3. A cylindrical drum with a capacity of 10 cubic meters is 2 meters

tall. If another cylindrical drum is produced with the same height
and twice the radius of the Örst drum, what is the combined
capacity of the two drums?
(A) 20
(B) 25
(C) 35
(D) 40
(E) 50
4. In the rectangular coordinate system above, the area of 4XAB is

what fraction of the area of 4XY Z ?
1
(A) 8
1
(B) 6
1
(C) 4
1
(D) 2
3
(E) 4
5. What is the combined area, in square inches, of the front and

back circular compact disc with a radius of 2.5 inches?
(A) 6:25)
(B) 7:5)
(C) 12:5)
(D) 15)
(E) 25)
5
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6. A rectangular trash bin is Ölled at the rate of approximately 2 cubic

feet per hour. If the empty rectangular bin is 4 feet long, 4 feet
wide, and 6 feet deep, approximately how many hours does it
take to Öll the bin?
(A) 16
(B) 32
(C) 48
(D) 96
(E) 192
7. Abigail wants to put up a picket fence around three sides of her

rectangular yard and leave a side of 15 feet unfenced. If the
yard has an area of 420 square feet, how many feet of fencing
does she need?
(A) 43
(B) 56
(C) 71
(D) 86
(E) 101
8. Of the Öve coordinates associated with points A, B, C, D, and E

on the number line above, which has the greatest absolute
value?
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
(E) E
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9. In the Ögure above, the coordinates of point K are

(A) (!6; 4)
(B) (!4; 6)
(C) (4; 6)
(D) (6; 4)
(E) (6; !4)
10. In circle O above, what fraction of the circular region is shaded?

1
(A) 6
1
(B) 4
1
(C) 3
1
(D) 2
2
(E) 3
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11. In the Ögure above, the point on line segment AB that is twice
as far from B as from A is
(A) (0; !1)
(B) (0; 1)
(C) ( 12 ; 12 )
(D) (1; 0)
(E) (2; 0)
12. In circle O above, two of the three sectors constitute 27 and 14

of the area of the circular region. If n is the fraction of the
area represented by the third sector, what is the value of n?
1
(A) 14
3
(B) 7
13
(C) 28
15
(D) 28
8
(E) 11
8
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13. In triangle ABC, the length of side AB is 4 and the length of side
BC is 9. Which of the following can be the length of side AC?
I. 5
II. 9
III. 13
(A) II only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III only
14. In the Ögure above, the value of y is

(A) 75
(B) 105
(C) 120
(D) 135
(E) 195
15. In the Ögure above, if ABCD is a parallelogram, then y ! x =

(A) 70
(B) 75
(C) 105
(D) 110
(E) 145
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16. If a square tile has an 12-centimeter diagonal, what is the

approximate perimeter of the tile, in centimers?
(A) 8.5
(B) 14
(C) 34
(D) 41
(E) 48
17. If a right circular cylinder has a volume of 24) and a height of 6,

what is the diameter of the base of the cylinder?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 6
18. A certain rectangular card is twice as long as it is wide. If its

perimeter is 16 inches, then its dimensions in inches are
8 16
(A) 3 and 3
(B) 2 and 4
(C) 4 and 8
16 32
(D) 3 and 3
11 21
(E) 2 and 2
19. The Ögure above shows two overlapping circles, both of which
have their centers at O. If the radius of the larger circle is 8,
what is the area of the smaller circle?
(A) 6)
(B) 12)
(C) 16)
(D) 36)
(E) 64)
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20. In the rectangular coordinate system above, if point D (not shown)

lies on the positive x-axis and the area of triangle OCD is 24,
what is the x-coordinate of point D?
(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 6
(D) 8
(E) 12
21. In the Ögure above, x + y =

(A) 180
(B) 270
(C) 300
(D) 360
(E) It cannot be determined from the information given.
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22. The radius of circle O above is 2. What is the area of triangle

OXY ?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) )
(D) 4
(E) 2)
23. The circle above has center O and a radius of 6. What is the
area of the shaded region?
(A) 9)
(B) 15)
(C) 18)
(D) 21)
(E) 36)
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24. In the rectangular coordinate system above, the area of

triangular region ABC is
(A) 5
(B) 6
(C) 7
(D) 10
(E) 12
25. On the rectangular coordinate plane, what is the distance

between points (4; !3) and (!2; 5) ?
(A) 6p
(B) 6 2
(C) 8p
(D) 8 2
(E) 10
26. In the Ögure above, a square is inscribed in a circle. If each

side of the square has a length of 10, what is the area of the
circle?
(A) 16)
(B) 25)
(C) 36)
(D) 40)
(E) 50)
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27. The Ögure above depicts the base of a building, which is in the
shape of a quarter circle. What is the area of the buildingís
base, in square feet?
(A) 24)
(B) 36)
(C) 48)
(D) 72)
(E) 144)
28. If two sides of a triangle have lengths of 4 and 7, which of the

following could the perimeter of the triangle?
I. 14
II. 18
III. 22
(A) None
(B) I only
(C) II only
(D) I and II only
(E) II and III only
29. If a, b, c, and d are numbers on the number line shown above,

which of the following products is smallest?
(A) ab
(B) ac
(C) ad
(D) bc
(E) cd
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30. The y-intercept of a line l is !2. If the slope of l is positive,

which of the following could be the x-intercept of l?
I. !4
II. !1
III 2
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II
(E) I and III
31. In the Ögures above, if the region on the right has twice the
area of the region on the left, then ratio of t to s is:
p
(A) 1: 2
(B) 1p: 2
(C) 2:1
(D) 2p: 1
(E) 2 2:1
32. The length of a rectangular yard is twice the width of the yard
and the area of the yard is 72 square feet. If the yard has a
fence along three of the four sides, which of the following could
be the length of the fence?
(A) 12
(B) 18
(C) 30
(D) 36
(E) 48
33. A square is inscribed in a circle. If the perimeter of the square

is 16, what is the circumference of the circle?
(A) 4)p
(B) 4) 2
(C) 8) p
(D) 8) 2
(E) 16)
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34. As they come o§ the assembly line, plastic Öttings are checked
for structural áaws. Those found to have such áaws are
discarded into a rectangular container that is approximately 4
feet deep, 2 feet long, and 1.5 feet wide. If approximately 0.5
cubic feet of Öttings are discarded each day, how many days
does it take to Öll the container?
(A) 6
(B) 9
(C) 12
(D) 18
(E) 24
35. A rectangular photograph with side lengths of 8 inches and 10

inches is placed on a rectangular mat with side lengths of 12
inches and 16 inches. What fraction of the matís surface is
not covered by the photograph?
1
(A) 3
3
(B) 8
5
(C) 12
7
(D) 12
5
(E) 8
36. On the xy-coordinate plate, if point B is located at (!2; 3) and

point C is located at (2; !5), the midpoint of line segment BC is
(A) (0; !1)
(B) (0; 1)
(C) (1; 0)
(D) (2; 0)
(E) (2; 4)
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37. In the rectangular coordinate system above, the area of 4BCE

is what fraction of the area of 4ADE?
1
(A) 2
1
(B) 3
1
(C) 4
1
(D) 6
1
(E) 9
38. In the rectangular coordinate system above, the area of 4ABC is

(A) 3n
(B) 3(m ! n)
n(6!m)
(C) 2
n(6!p)
(D) 2
p(6!n)
(E) 2
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39. If the radius of a circular region were increased by 10 percent,

what would be the percent increase in the area of the region?
(A) 10%
(B) 11%
(C) 20%
(D) 21%
(E) 30%
40. If the circle above has center O and circumference 12), then the
perimeter of sector ABCO is
(A) 4) + 6
(B) 4) + 12
(C) 8) + 6
(D) 8) + 12
(E) 8) + 24
41. What is the perimeter of the Ögure above?

(A) 180
(B) 210
(C) 240
(D) 250
(E) 260
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42. In the rectangular coordinate system above, RSTU is a

quadrilateral. Which of the following is NOT the slope of
one of the sides of RSTU?
(A) -2
(B) -1
(C) ! 13
1
(D) 3
(E) 1
43. If a square region has area a, what is the perimeter of the

square in terms of a?
p
(A) a 2
(B) 2a
(C) 4ap
(D) 2p a
(E) 4 a
44. If a circular region has area )c, what is the length of its
diameter in terms of c?
p
(A) pc
(B) p2c
(C) 2pc
(D) c 2
(E) 2c
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y
45. In the Ögure above, if x+y = 29 , then y =
(A) 20
(B) 40
(C) 60
(D) 120
(E) 140
46. On the graph above, when y = 1, x = 23 ; and when y = 3, x = !4.

The graph is symmetric with respect to the x axis. According to
the graph, when y = !3, x =
(A) !4
(B) !2
(C) ! 23
2
(D) 3
(E) 4
47. If a cube has a volume of 27, what is its total surface area?
(A) 9
(B) 18
(C) 27
(D) 54
(E) 162
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48. In the rectangular coordinate system shown above, which

quadrant, if any, contains no point (x; y) that satisÖes the
inequality x ! y > 0?
(A) None
(B) I
(C) II
(D) III
(E) IV
49. The phrase "n-inch screen" refers to a rectangular screen with a

diagonal of length n. If a handheld device has a square 4-inch
screen, what is the area of the screen, in square inches?
p
(A) 2 2
(B) 4p
(C) 4 2
(D) 8p
(E) 8 2
50. In 4XY Z above, what is a in terms of b?

(A) b ! 73
(B) b + 73
(C) b ! 107
(D) 73 ! b
(E) 107 ! b
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4. DATA SUFFICIENCY www.gmathacks.com
4 Data Su¢ciency
For all Data Su¢ciency questions, the answer choices are as follows:
(A) Statement (1) ALONE is su¢cient, but statement (2) alone

is not su¢cient.
(B) Statement (2) ALONE is su¢cient, but statement (1) alone
is not su¢cient.
(C) BOTH statements TOGETHER are su¢cient, but NEITHER
statement ALONE is su¢cient.
(D) EACH statement ALONE is su¢cient.
(E) Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT su¢cient.
51. In the Ögure above, what is the value of b?

(1) a + c = 84
(2) Lines k and l are parallel.
52. If l and w represent the length and width, respectively, of the

rectangle above, what is the perimeter?
(1) 2l + w = 28
(2) 2l + 2w = 36
53. In 4XY Z, what is the length of XY ?

(1) The length of XZ is 4.
(2) The length of Y Z is 5.
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54. Point (x; y) lies in which quadrant of the rectangular coordinate

system shown above?
(1) x+y >0
(2) x = !4 and y = 7
55. If A, B, and C are distinct points, do line segments AB and BC

have the same length?
(1) Together with point D, A, B, and C form a rectangle.
(2) AB 6= AC
56. In the triangle above, does a2 + b2 = c2 ?

(1) x=y
(2) a=b
57. An empty rectangular bin has uniform depth. How long will it
take to Öll the bin with gravel?
(1) Gravel will be poured into the bin at a rate of 8 cubic
feet per minute.
(2) The bin is 12 feet wide and 4 feet long.
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58. What is the radius of circle O above?

(1) P is the midpoint of radiusOQ.
(2) AP = P B
59. The perimeter of a rectangular window is 28 feet. What is the

length of the window?
(1) The di§erence between the length and width is 2 feet.
(2) The length of the window is 13 greater than the width.
60. In the Ögure above, what is the measure of \XBC?p

(1) The length of XC (not shown) is equal to 2 times the
length of BC.
(2) BX = BC
61. Is the perimeter of equilateral triangle T greater than the

perimeter of square S?
(1) The sum of the lengths of a side of T and a side of S
is 12.
(2) The ratio of the length of a side of T to a side of S is
4 : 3.
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62. If O and P are each circular regions, what is the radius of the
larger of these regions?
(1) The circumference of O plus the circumference of P is
equal to 12).
(2) The radius of the larger of the two circular regions has
a length that is double that of the radius of the smaller
circular region.
63. What is the area of the rectangular region above?

(1) d = 2w
p
(2) l=5 3
64. In triangle ABC above, what is the length of side AB ?

(1) Line segment BD has length 8.
(2) Line segment CD has length 8.
65. Is the perimeter of equilateral triangle T greater than the

perimeter of square S ?
(1) The ratio of the area of T to the area of S is 5 : 4.
(2) The sum of the lengths of a side of S and a side of T
is 12.
66. What is the perimeter of isoceles triangle QRS?

(1) QR = 12
(2) RS = 16
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67. If A and B are points in a plane and A lies inside the circle C
with center O and radius 3, does B lie inside circle C?
(1) The length of line segment AB is 5.
(2) The length of line segment BO is 2.
68. In the Ögure above, what is the value of y?

(1) y = 2x
(2) \DCA = 30
69. Is s to the right of !4 on the number line?

(1) s is to the right of !6 on the number line.
(2) s is between !3 and !2 on the number line.
70. If a is the area of rectangle B, what is the value of a?

(1) Each diagonal of rectangle B has length 5.
(2) The perimeter of rectangle B is 14.
71. If ab 6= 0, in what quadrant of the coordinate system above

does point (a; b) lie?
(1) (b; a) lies in quadrant III.
(2) (b; !a) lies in quadrant II.
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72. A certain walking trail has rest areas at points R, S, T and U ,

in that order. What is the walking distance from point S to
point T ?
(1) The walking distance from point R to point S is 4 miles.
(2) The walking distance from point R to point U is 16 miles.
73. If X, Y , and Z are distinct points, do line segments XY and XZ

have the same length?
(1) XY > Y Z and XZ > Y Z
(2) XY Z is an isoceles triangle.
74. Is the triangle above equilateral?

(1) a + c = 2b
(2) b + c = 2a
75. In 4ABC, if AB = x, BC = y, and AC = x + y, which of the three

angles of 4ABC has the least degree measure?
(1) x=y+1
(2) y=4
76. A cylindrical can has a label attached around its circumference,

as shown above. What is the surface area of this label?
(1) The volume of the can is 6) cubic inches.
(2) x = 1:5
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77. What is the value of z in the triangle above?

(1) x=y
(2) x + y = 114
78. What is the area of triangular region M N P above?

(1) The area of triangular region M N Q is 18.
(2) MN = NP = MP
79. In the Ögure above, is Y Z > W X ?

(1) Y Z > WY
(2) XY > W X
80. The successive tick marks on the number line shown above are
equally spaced. What is the value of z?
(1) x = 27
(2) x=y!x=z!y
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81. On the number line above, is the product of a, b, c, and d

positive?
(1) The product of c and d is positive.
(2) a is positive.
82. In the rectangular coordinate system shown above, does the

line l intersect quadrant III ?
(1) Line l runs through the point (!1; 2).
(2) The slope of line l is positive.
83. If R, S, and T are points on a number line, what is the distance

between R and T ?
(1) On the number line, S is located halfway between R
and T .
(2) The distance between S and T is 7.
84. In the xy-plane, what is the x-intercept of line m?

(1) Line m passes through the point (1; !3).
(2) Line m passes through the point (!4; 4).
85. What are the coordinates of the midpoint of line segment AB in

the xy-plane?
(1) Line segment AB has a length of 6.
(2) The coordinates of A are (2; 4).
86. What is the total surface area of cube C?

(1) The surface area of one of the faces of C is 9.
(2) The length of one edge of C is 3.
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87. In the coordinate plane above, what is the area of square

region W XY Z?
(1) W has coordinates (2; 2).
(2) X has coordinates (2; 7).
88. In the xy-plane, the line m passes through the points (2; 2)
and (r; s), where rs 6= 0. Is r positive?
(1) The slope of line m is 1.
(2) s is negative.
89. Is the measure of one of the interior angles of triangle ABC

equal to 60 degrees?
(1) One of the interior angles of ABC is a right angle.
(2) The degree measure of angle BCA is twice the
degree measure of angle CAB.
90. If l is a line in the xy-plane, what is the slope of l?

(1) The x-intercept of line l is 4.
(2) The y-intercept of line l is !2.
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91. What is the area of the circle above with center O?

p
(1) The length of line segment AC is 4 2.
(2) The area of sector ABCO is 4).
92. In the rectangular coordinate system above, is the area of

region M N P greater than 30?
(1) The coordinates of point N are (6; 6).
(2) MN = NP
93. Point (x; y) lies in which quadrant of the rectangular coordinate

system shown above?
(1) x = !4
(2) x+y <0
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94. In triangle ABC above, what is the length of side AB?

(1) The length of side AC is 3.
(2) x = 30
95. In the triangle above, does x + y = 90 ?

(1) a=b
(2) a2 + b2 = c2
96. In the Ögure above, ABCD is a square and AEF D is a

rectangle. What is the area of BEF C?
(1) The length of BC is 7.
(2) AB = CF
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97. If l and w represent the length and width, respectively, of the

rectangle above, what is the perimeter?
(1) The area of the rectangle is 48.
(2) The length of a diagonal of the rectangle is 10.
98. What is the width of a rectangular truck bed?

(1) The area of the truck bed is 40 square feet.
(2) The width of the truck bed is 3 feet less than the length.
99. Is the perimeter of square S greater than the circumference of

circle C ?
(1) The area of S is equal to the area of C.
(2) The length of a side of S is greater than the length of
the radius of C.
100. Is t to the right of !6 on the number line?

(1) t is to the right of !5 on the number line.
(2) t is between !4 and !1 on the number line.
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5. ANSWER KEY www.gmathacks.com
5 Answer Key
For full explanations, see the next section.
1. E
2. D
3. E
4. C
5. C
6. C
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. C
11. B
12. C
13. A
14. A
15. B
16. C
17. D
18. A
19. D
20. D
21. B
22. B
23. D
24. B
25. E
26. E
27. B
28. C
29. C
30. C
31. C
32. C
33. B
34. E
35. D
36. A
37. B
38. D
39. D
40. B
41. C
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42. B
43. E
44. C
45. B
46. A
47. D
48. C
49. D
50. D
51. C
52. B
53. E
54. B
55. E
56. E
57. E
58. E
59. B
60. C
61. B
62. C
63. C
64. D
65. A
66. E
67. B
68. E
69. B
70. C
71. D
72. E
73. C
74. C
75. A
76. E
77. B
78. C
79. A
80. A
81. B
82. B
83. C
84. C
85. E
86. D
87. D
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88. C
89. E
90. C
91. D
92. C
93. E
94. A
95. B
96. C
97. C
98. C
99. A
100. D
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6. EXPLANATIONS www.gmathacks.com
6 Explanations
For a quick-reference answer key, see the previous section.
1. E
Explanation: Given the height and width of region X, we can Önd its
area:
a = 14(15)
Thereís no need to do the calculation just yet, especially if you donít know
the product of 14 and 15 o§ the top of your head.
The areas of the regions are equal, so the area of Y is 14(15) as well. The
formula for the area of a triangle is 12 bh, and weíre given the height, so we can
solve for the base:
14(15) = 12 b(12)
14(15) = 6b
b = 14(15)
6 = 7(5) = 35, choice (E).
2. D
Explanation: If a graph is symmetric to the vertical line at x = 3, that
means that the y-values are equal for corresponding x-values that are equally
spaced from 3. For instance, both x = 0 and x = 6 are 3 away from x = 3, so
their y-values must be equal.
x = 4 is one away from x = 3, so the corresponding y value must be the
same as the y-value of x = 2, which we are given. Itís y = 14 , so choice (D) is
correct.
3. E
Explanation: If the Örst drum has a capacity (or volume) of 10 cubic
meters and a height of 2 meters, we can Önd the radius of the drumís base:
v = )r2 h
10 = )r2 2
r2 = &5
q
r = &5
qThe second drum has the same height (2 meters), and twice the radius
5
(2 & ),
so we can Önd the capacity of that drum as well:
q
v = )(2 &5 )2 (2)
v = )(4)( &5 )(2) = 40
The combined capacity, then, is 10 + 40 = 50 cubic meters, choice (E).
4. C
Explanation: Since the bases and heights of both triangles are parallel
to the axes, it is fairly straightforward to Önd each length. In XYZ, the base
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is 6 and the height is 4; in XAB, the base is 3 and height is 2. First, then, the
area of XYZ:
a = 12 bh = 12 (6)(4) = 12
And XAB:
a = 12 bh = 12 (3)(2) = 3
3 is 14 of 12, so choice (C) is correct.
5. C
Explanation: The area of each side is given by the formula )r2 , so the
combined area is 2)r2 :
2)r2 = 2)(2:5)2 = 2)( 52 )2 = 2)( 25 25
4 ) = 2 ) = 12:5), choice (C).
6. C
Explanation: If the bin has the dimensions 4 % 4 % 6, itís volume is
4(4)(6) = 96 cubic feet. If it is Ölled at the rate of 2 cubic feet per hour, it
takes 96
2 = 48 hours to Öll the bin, choice (C).
7. C
Explanation: If the yard is a rectangle, the area is given by lw = 420,
and one dimension is 15. Thus, the other dimension is 15(w) = 420, or w = 28.
Two sides are 28 feet long, the others are 15. Abigail wants to leave one of the
15ís unfenced, so she needs 28(2) + 15 = 71 feet of fencing, choice (C).
8. A
Explanation: Conceptually, the absolute value of a number is its distance
from 0. The point that is furthest from zero on the number line is A, which is
approximately -3.5, which has an absolute value of 3.5. While the other four
points are all greater than -3.5, they are closer to zero, so they have a smaller
absolute value. Choice (A) is correct.
9. B
Explanation: The coordinates of a point include the x-value (the distance
horizontally from the center of the graph) and the y-value (the distance vertically
from the center). K is 4 to the left of center, so the x-coordinate is -4. K is 6
above the center, so the y-coordinate is 6. The coordinates, then, are (!4; 6),
choice (B).
10. C
Explanation: The two diameters divide circle O into four sectors. The
top and bottom sectors have the same angle measure of 120, so they are equal.
(That leaves 60 degrees each for the left and right sectors. The angle measure
of the entire circle is 360, so the fraction that is shaded is 120 1
360 = 3 , choice (C).
11. B
Explanation: The slope of the line is -1, which means that every time
the line moves over one to the left, it also moves up one. So, if B is (2; !1), the
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next whole number point to the left is (1; 0), followed by (0; 1), and then point
A. Thatís a total of 3 1 % 1 segments. The point that is twice as far from B as
from A is the one that is 2 of the 3 segments away from B: (0; 1), choice (B).
12. C
Explanation: The sum of all three fractional parts must be 1: the whole
circle. Thus, we can solve for n:
2 1
7 + 4 +n=1
8 7 28
28 + 28 + n = 28
28!8!7 13
n = 28 = 28 , choice (C).
13. A
Explanation: The length of any side of a triangle must be greater than
the di§erence of the other two sides, and less than the sum of the other two
sides. Thus, AC must be greater than 9 ! 4 = 5, and less than 9 + 4 = 13.
That rules out I and III, so the correct choice is (A), II only.
14. A
Explanation: Using the laws of intersecting lines, we know that 3x =
y + 60, and that x + 3x = 180. The latter helps us Önd the value of x:
4x = 180
x = 45
3x = 135
Since 3x = y + 60:
135 = y + 60
y = 135 ! 60 = 75, choice (A).
15. B
Explanation: Since ABCD is a parallelogram, we know that AD and BC
are parallel, and that AB and CD are parallel. The Örst thing that tells us is
that 70 = 2x, so x = 35.
Next, we know that any pair of unequal angles in a parallelogram, such as
2x and y, sum to 180, so 2x + y = 180. We know that 2x = 70, so 70 + y = 180,
and y = 110.
Finally, since x = 35 and y = 110, y ! x = 110 ! 35 = 75, choice (B).
16. C
Explanation: The diagonal of a square is the same as the hypotenuse of a
right triangle with two legs equal to the sides of the square. Thatís useful: the
resulting triangle is a 45 : 45 : 90 triangle, one in which we p know the relationship
between the lengths of the sides. That p ratio is x : x : x 2.
12
If the diagonal/hypotenuse is x 2, x is p 2
. Thatís the length of each side
12 48
of the square, so the perimeter of the square is 4( p 2
) = p .
2 p
This question asks
for an approximate value, which means we should estimate 2 as about 1.4:
48 480
1:4 = 14 & 34, choice (C).
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(To do that mentally, recognize that 14 times 3 is 42, so 14 times 30 is 420.

14 times 40 is 560, so since 480 is a little closer to 420 than 560, it must be
between 30 and 35. Thereís only one answer choice that Öts that description.)
17. D
Explanation: The formula for the volume of a cylinder is )r2 h, and weíre
given both the volume and the height:
24) = )r2 (6)
4 = r2
r = 2, so d = 4, choice (D).
18. A
Explanation: If the width of the card is w, then if the length is twice as
great, it is 2w. Perimeter is equal to 2l + 2w, so in this case, we can Önd the
width:
16 = 2l + 2w
16 = 2(2w) + 2w
16 = 6w
w = 16 6 = 3
8
Thereís no need to Önd the length: only choice (A) includes 83 among the
dimensions, so it is correct.
19. D
Explanation: If the radius of the larger circle is 8 and the distance be-
tween the edge of the two circles is 2, that means that the radius of the smaller
circle is 6. From that, we can Önd the area:
a = )r2 = )(6)2 = 36), choice (D).
20. D
Explanation: Since OC runs along one axis and OD must run along the
other, we are dealing with a right triangle. More importantly, since OC and
OD are perpendicular, they are the base and the height of the triangle. The
area is 24, so:
24 = 12 bh
The height is 6: thatís the distance between the origin and (0; 6). So we
can solve for the base:
24 = 12 b(6)
24 = 3b
b=8
D must be 8 away from the origin, so its x-coordinate must be 8, choice (D).
21. B
Explanation: Call the two interior angles of the triangle that arenít the
right angle a (on top) and b (on the right). Since a and y form a straight line,
a + y = 180. By the same reasoning, b + x = 180. Further, since a and b are
two angles inside a right triangle, they must sum to 90. So:
a + b = 90
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a + b + x + y = 360
90 + x + y = 360
x + y = 270, choice (B).
22. B
Explanation: If the radius of O is 2, OX = 2 and OY = 2. Since OXY
is a right triangle, the base and height are those two perpendicular legs. We
can solve for the area:
a = 12 bh = 12 (2)(2) = 2, choice (B).
23. D
Explanation: The area of a sector is determined by multiplying the area
of the circle by the fraction of the circle represented by the sector. The area is:
a = )r2 = )(62 ) = 36)
Since the degree measure of the sector opposite the one weíre looking for is
150, that means the angle of the sector is 360 = 150 = 210. That represents
the following fraction of the circle:
210 21 7
360 = 36 = 12
Finally, multiply that fraction by the area:
7
12 (36)) = 7(3)) = 21), choice (D).
24. B
Explanation: ABC is a right triangle: AB is parallel to one axis, and AC
is parallel to the other. Thus, the base and height are two sides of the triangle.
The base is the distance between (1; 1) and (5; 1): 4. The height is the distance
between (1; 1) and (1; 4): 3. The area, then, is:
a = 12 bh = 12 (3)(4) = 6, choice (B).
25. E
Explanation: To Önd the distance between two points, form a right tri-
angle such that the distance between the two points is the hypotenuse of the
triangle. In this case, the third vertex of such a triangle could be (!2; !3). In
that case, the side of the triangle between (!2; !3) and (4; !3) is 6, while the
side between (!2; !3) and (!2; 5) is 8. Those numbers may look familiar: one
frequently occuring right triangle ratio is 6 : 8 : 10, a multiple of 3 : 4 : 5. Since
the two legs of the triangle are 6 and 8, the hypotenuse is 10, choice (E).
26. E
Explanation: In the Ögure, the diagonal of the square is equal to a diam-
eter of the circle. Since the diagonal of the square is thepsame as the hypotenuse
of an isoceles right triangle, we know that its length is 2 times the length
p of a
side of the square. Since the square has sidespof 10, the diagonal is 10p 2, which
means that the diameter of the circle is 10 2, and the radius is 5 2. From
there, we can Öndpthe area of the circle:
a = )r2 = )(5 2)2 = 50), choice (E).
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27. B
Explanation: If 12 is the length of one of the sides of the quarter circle,
it is the radius of the circle. The area of a circle with a radius of 12 is:
a = )r2 = 144)
So the area of a quarter circle with the same radius is 14 that:
144)( 14 ) = 36), choice (B).
28. C
Explanation: Given the lengths of two sides of a triangle, there are limi-
tations on the length of the third side. It must be greater than the di§erence of
the other two sidesñin this case, 3ñand less than sum of the other two sidesñhere,
11.
The two sides that we know add to 11, and the third side must be between 3
and 11. On the low end, that means the perimeter is greater than 11 + 3 = 14.
On the high side, it must be less than 11 + 11 = 22. That leaves only one of
the roman numerals: II, 24. Choice (C) is correct.
29. C
Explanation: On the number line, a is negative, while the others are
positive. The product of any two of b, c, and d will be positive, while the
product of a and any of the other three will be negative. Since weíre looking
for the smallest product, we need a negative. Since d is the greatest of the
three positives, ad will result in the smallest numberñthe "largest" negative.
For instance, if a = !2, c = 6, and d = 10, ac = !12, and ad = !20. Choice
(C) is correct.
30. C
Explanation: If the slope of a line is positive, it angles up and to the
right. If the y-intercept is negative, the line intersects the vertical axis below
the origin. If it angles up and to the right from there, it will cross the horizontal
(x) axis to the right of the originñin positive territory. Thus, the x-intercept
must be positive, meaning that it can only be III, 2. Choice (C) is correct.
31. C
Explanation: The area of the region on the left is s2 , while the area of
the region on the right is t2 . The question tells us, then, that t2 is twice as big
as s2 , or:
t2 = 2s2
Weíre looking for the relationship between t and s, so take the square root
of both sides:
p
t = sp 2 p
t 2
s = 1 = 2 : 1, choice (C).
32. C
Explanation: If the width of the yard is w and the length is double that,
the length is 2w. The area, then, is:
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72 = w(2w) = 2w2
w2 = 36
w=6
The dimensions, then, are 6 feet and 12 feet. We donít know whether the
unfenced side is 6 or 12, so we have to consider both options. If the unfenced
side is 6, the perimeter of the other three sides is:
2(12) + 6 = 30, choice (C).
If the unfenced side is 12, itís:
2(6) + 12 = 24, which isnít one of the choices. (C) is correct.
33. B
Explanation: If the perimeter of the square is 16, each side of the square
is 4.
p The diagonal of the square, which is the same as the diameter of the circle,
is 2 times the length of each side: itís the same ratio as in an isoceles right
triangle. (The triangle created by two sides p of a square and its diagonal is an
isoceles right triangle.) So, the diameter is 4 2. p
pThe circumference of a circle is 2)r or )d, which is equal to (4 2)), or
4) 2, choice (B).
34. E
Explanation: The volume of the container is 4(2)(1:5) = 12 cubic feet. If
0.5 cubic feet are placed in the container each day, the number of days it takes
12
to Öll the container is given by 0:5 = 24 days, choice (E).
35. D
Explanation: To Önd the relationship between the areas, Örst Önd each
area. The area of the photograph is 8(10) = 80. The area of the mat is 12(16).
(No need to do the math just yet, unless you know it o§ the top of your head.)
80 5
The photograph covers 12(16) of the mat, which can be simpliÖed to 12 ñjust
5
divide 16 out of the top and bottom. If the photograph covers 12 of the mat,
5 7
it doesnít cover 1 ! 12 = 12 of the mat, choice (D).
36. A
Explanation: The midpoint of two points is simply the average of the
x-coordinates and the average of the y-coordinates of the two points. First Önd
the x-value:
!2+2
2 = 02 = 0
Now the y-value:
3+!5
2 = !22 = !1
The midpoint, then, is (0; !1), choice (A).
37. B
Explanation: While itís possible to solve this problem by Önding the
bases and heights of both triangles, and then dividing them, thereís a better
way. The height of both triangles is the same, since each extends from the
x-axis up to point E. The only di§erence is the bases: AD has a length of 9,
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1
while BC has a length of 3. The area of BCE is 2 (3)h, and ADEís area is
1
2 (9)h. So, the fraction is given by:
1
2 (3)h
1
2 (9)h
The 12 ís and the hís cancel out, leaving only:
3 1
9 = 3 , choice (B).
38. D
Explanation: The area, as always, is given by 12 bh. The base of ABC
is the length of AC ñ the distance between (p; 0) and (6; 0). That distance is
6 ! p.
The height of the triangle is the distance between B and the x-axis, in a line
parallel to the y-axis. Since the y-coordinate of B is n, that height is n.
Finally, the area is: 12 (6 ! p)(n), or n(6!p)
2 , choice (D).
39. D
Explanation: To keep the math simple, comapre the areas of circles with
two di§erent radiuses: 10, and then 10% greater than 10: 11.
If the radius is 10, the area is )r2 = 100).
If the radius is 11, the area is )r2 = 121).
The percent increase from 100) to 121) is given by the change over the
original:
121&!100&
100& = 0:21 = 21%, choice (D).
40. B
Explanation: The perimeter of a sector consists of three parts: one radius
(here, OA), another radius (OC), and an arc (ABC).
If the circumference is 12), the diameter of the circle is 12, and the radius
is 6. Thus, the two radiuses together sum to 12.
The measurement of the arc is found by multiplying the circumference of the
circle by the fraction of the circle represented by the are. That is determined
by the angle measure that deÖned that region of the circle; in this case, that
angle is 120. 120 is 13 of 360, so ABC is 13 of the circumference of the circle:
1
3 (12)) = 4)
ABC is 4) and the two radiuses sum to 12, so the answer is 4) + 12, choice
(B).
41. C
Explanation: First, add another line to the diagram that separates the
diagram into two parts: a rectangle (with dimensions 40 and 60) on the right,
and a triangle (with hypotenuse 50 and height 40) on the left. The rectangular
has a base of 60. The triangleís dimensions of 40 and 50 may look familiar:
30 : 40 : 50 is a multiple of the most common pythagorean triplet, 3 : 4 : 5, so
you donít have to use the pythagorean theorem to determine that the base of
the triangle is 30.
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The sum of the bases of the two Ögures is 30 + 60 = 90, so we can Önd the
perimeter of the Ögure. Itís 50 + 60 + 40 + 90 = 240, choice (C).
42. B
Explanation: It would be possible to solve this problem by using the co-
ordinates given and calculating the slope of each of the four sides of RSTU.
However, that wouldnít be the fastest way if you have some knowledge of com-
mon slopes. For instance, the most common slopes are 1 and -1. 1 is the slope
of a line that goes up and to the right at the same rate. In this Ögure, UT has
a slope of 1: it goes from (!3; 1) to (!2; 0) to (!1; 1), and so on. A slope of -1
moves down and to the right at the same rate. There is no line in RSTU that
does so, so (B) must be correct.
For the sake of completeness: RU has a slope of -2: it moves downward at
twice the rate it moves to the right. RS has a slope of 13 : it moves upward at 13
the rate it moves to the right. And ST has a slope of ! 13 : it moves downward
at 13 the rate it moves to the right.
43. E
Explanation: To Önd the perimeter, you need the length of each side.
The area is the square of the length of a side, so:
s2 =pa
s= a p
The perimeter, then, is 4s = 4 a, choice (E).
44. C
Explanation: Given the area, you can Önd the radius:
a = )r2
)c = )r2
c = rp2
r= c p
The diameter is twice the radius, so d = 2r = 2 c, choice (C).
45. B
Explanation: Since x and y form a straight line, they must sum to 180.
y y
Thus, x+y = 180 . That makes the ratio easier to solve:
y 2
180 = 9
9y = 360
y = 40, choice (B).
46. A
Explanation: If a graph is symmetric around the x axis, then what we
know about one half of the graph (either above or below the axis) applies to
the other half of the graph, as well. For instance, the corresponding x value
for y = 1 and y = !1 are equal. So, if we need the x-value at y = !3, we need
only look to the x-value of y = 3, which is given: itís x = !4, choice (A).
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47. D
Explanation: The volume of a cube is given by s3 , where s is the length
3
of a side. If s = 27, then s = 3.
Surface area is given by 6s2 : there are six faces on a cube, all of which are
equal. So, the surface area is:
6s2 = 6(3)2 = 6(9) = 54, choice (D).
48. C
Explanation: First, simplify the inequality. Add y to both sides, and it
is x > y. Consider each of the four quadrants:
I: both coordinates are positive, so either x or y could be greater.
II: x is negative and y is positive. x will never be greater than y, so this is
it. (C) is correct.
III: both coordinates are negative, so either could be greater.
IV: x is positive and y is negative, so x will always be greater than y.
49. D
Explanation: If the diagonal of a square is 4, you can Önd the length of
the sides. Two sides of a square combine with p the diagonal to p form a 45 : 45 : 90
triangle, which has a side ratio of x : x : x 2. Since 4 = x 2, x = p42 .
If the side is p42 , the area is the square of the side length:
( p42 )2 = 16
2 = 8, choice (D).
50. D
Explanation: As in any triangle, the sum of the interior angles of XYZ
is 180. Those angles are a, 42 + b, and 65:
a + 42 + b + 65 = 180
a + b = 180 ! 42 ! 65
a + b = 73
a = 73 ! b, choice (D).
51. C
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. Itís tempting to assume that
the lines are parallel, but there is no concrete indication that they are. As it
is, we donít know anything about the relationship between a and c, aside from
the fact that they look about the same in the diagram.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient. Since the lines are parallel, we know that
a = c and that b + c = 180, but without the value of a or c, we canít Önd b.
Taken together, the statements are su¢cient. The lines are parallel, so
a = c, which means that a = c = 42, so b = 138. Choice (C) is correct.
52. B
Explanation: The perimeter is given by the equation 2l + 2w, where l is
the length and w is the width.
Statement (1) is insu¢cient: 2l + w is three sides of the rectangle, but we
donít know the length of w, which is the fourth side of the Ögure.
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Statement (2) is su¢cient: this is the equation for perimeter. The perimeter
of the rectangle, then, must be 36. Choice (B) is correct.
53. E
Explanation: Statements (1) and (2) are both insu¢cient on their own:
given the length of one side of a triangle, we know nothing about the length of
one other speciÖc side of the triangle.
Taken together, the statements are still insu¢cient. The only restrictions
on XY are that it must be greater than the di§erence between the lengths of
the other two sides (5 ! 4 = 1) and it must be less than the sum of the other
two lengths (5 + 4 = 9). Thatís not enough, so (E) is the correct choice.
54. B
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. If the sum of the two coordi-
nates is positive, there are three possible quadrants: I, in which both coordinates
are positive, II, in which x is negative, but the sum could still be positive if the
absolute value of y is greater than the absolute value of x; and IV, in which y
is negative, but the sum would be positive if the absolute value of x is greater
than the absolute value of y.
Statement (2) is su¢cient: given the exact point (x; y), we know that it lies
in quadrant II. Choice (B) is correct.
55. E
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. If AB and BC are two sides
of a rectangle, they might be equal, but they might not be. Also, itís possible
that they are not both sides of a rectangle: itís possible that one of them is a
diagonal of the resulting rectangle.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient. This tells us nothing about BC.
Taken together, the statements are still insu¢cient. If AB, AC, and BC are
all sides of a rectangle, we know that AB and AC are one each of the di§erent
dimensions. However, we donít know that BC has the same length as AB; it
could have the same length as AC. And further, there is still the possibility that
one of these segments is the diagonal of the rectangle. Choice (E) is correct.
56. E
Explanation: By asking if the pythagorean theorem is true for a certain
triangle, the question is asking whether the triangle has a right angle.
Statement (1) is insu¢cient: if two of the angles are equal, that means itís
an isoceles triangle. That could be a right triangle, as in a 45 : 45 : 90 triangle,
but we donít know that it is; it could just as easily have angle measures of 50,
50, and 80.
Statement (2) is not only insu¢cient, it says the same thing as (1). If those
two sides have the same length, then the corresponding angles (x and y) are
equal, as well. Itís proof that we have an isoceles triangle, but no indication
about whether we have a right triangle.
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Taken together, the statements are insu¢cient. Any time the statements
say the same thing, the only possible choices are (D) and (E). In this case, since
each statement is insu¢cient, itís (E).
57. E
Explanation: To determine the time it will take to Öll a bin, we need
to know the volume of the bin (which itself has three determining factors: the
length, width, and height) and the rate at which the bin is Ölled.
Statement (1) is insu¢cient: this gives us the rate, but nothing about the
size of the bin.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient: thereís nothing here about the rate, and
only two of the three dimensions that we need to determine the volume of the
bin.
Taken together, the statements are still insu¢cient. (1) gives us the rate,
but (2) doesnít give us enough information to determine the volume. We still
need the height, or depth, of the bin. Choice (E) is correct.
58. E
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient: while we learn the relation-
ship between OP and PQ (they are equal), it gives us no indication of the size
of the Ögure.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient: again, we learn the relationship between
two lengths, but nothing about the size of the radius, or anything else.
Taken together, the statements are still insu¢cient. This is like a ratio
question in which youíre given nothing but ratios: except in rare circumstances,
you canít use ratios to Önd absolute measures. This Ögure could be measured
in millimeters or in yards. Choice (E) is correct.
59. B
Explanation: If the perimeter of the window is 28 feet, 2l + 2w = 28, or
l + w = 14.
Statement (1) is insu¢cient. Since l + w = 14 and the two dimensions are
2 apart, l and w must be 6 and 8. However, we donít know which is which.
Statement (2) is su¢cient. Here, weíre given a relationship between the two
dimensions and we know which is which. If l = w + 13 w, we can solve:
l + w = 14
4
3 w + w = 14
7
3 w = 14
w = 14( 37 ) = 6
l=8
Choice (B) is correct.
60. C
Explanation: Statement (1) is su¢cient: knowing the relationship be-
tween two sides of a triangle is not enough to determine one of the angles.
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Statement (2) is also insu¢cient: here we know that 4XBC is isoceles, but
that isnít enough to know the measure of angle XBC. p
Taken together,
p the statements are su¢cient. If XC is 2 times the length
of BC, it is also 2 timesp the length of BX, which means that the triangle has
a side ratio of x : x : x 2. That should look familiar to you as the ratio of the
sides of a 45 : 45 : 90 isoceles right triangle, so the measure of \XBC must be
90. Choice (C) is correct.
61. B
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. Given the sum of two sides,
there are wildly di§erent possibilities. If a side of T is 11 and a side of S is 1,
the perimeter of T is greater. If it is the other way around, the perimeter of S
is greater.
Statement (2) is su¢cient. Say that the length of a side of T is 4x, and a
side of S is 3x. Thus, the perimeter of T is 3(4x) = 12x, and the perimeter
of S is 4(3x) = 12x. Since the perimeters are equal, the answer is "no," the
perimeter of T is not greater than that of S. Choice (B) is correct.
62. C
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. Given the sum of the cir-
cumferences, we donít know the relative sizes of each.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient. Given the relationship between the ra-
diuses, we canít determine the actual sizes of each.
Taken together, the statements are su¢cient. If the radius of the smaller
circle is r, the radius of the larger circle is 2r. Thus, the circumferences are
2)r and 2)(2r), and they must sum to 12):
2)r + 4)r = 12)
6)r = 12)
r=2
r is the radius of the smaller region, so the radius of the larger region is
2r = 4. Choice (C) is correct.
63. C
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. It doesnít give us any mea-
surements, so we canít use it to Önd the area. It does, however, give us the
relationship between two sides of a right triangle, so we can determine the rela-
tionship with the third side, as well. When the hypotenuse is twice the length
of one of the p
sides, we are working with a 30 : 60 : 90 triangle, which has a side
ratio of x : x 3 : 2x.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient. To Önd the area, we need the length and
the width, and this only provides us with the length.
Taken together, the statements are su¢cient. (1) gives us the ratio between
the length and the width, while (2) gives us the length. Put them together and
you can Önd the width, which is enough to calculate the area. Choice (C) is
correct.
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64. D
Explanation: Start by working out all the relationships you are given.
In terms of x, angle ABD is 180 ! 2x ! 2x = 180 ! 4x. You can also determine
DBC in terms of x:
180 = 2x + x + (180 ! 4x) + DBC
180 = 3x + 180 ! 4x + DBC
DBC = x
Thus, triangle DBC is isoceles: if angles DBC and DCB are equal, then
sides CD and BD are equal. We can already tell from the diagram than
AB = BD, and now we know that AB = BD = CD.
Statement (1) is su¢cient: AB = BD, so if we know BD, we know AB.
Statement (2) is also su¢cient. AB = BD = CD, so if we know CD, we
know AB. Choice (D) is correct.
65. A
Explanation: Some of the math in this question gets a little tricky, but
the key concept is that, in an equilateral triangle or a square, there is only
one independent variable. All the other pieces of informationñperimeter, area,
etc.ñdepend on one thing.
Statement (1) is su¢cient. Say the area of T is 5x and the p area of S is 4x.
The area of an equilateral triangle, where a side is e, is 12 e(e 3). Thatís one
variable, so we can solve for the value of e in terms of x, and then solve for 3e
(the perimeter of the triangle) in terms of x. The area of a square is s2 , so
again, we can solve for s in terms of x, and then for 4s (the perimeter) in terms
of x. It would be a waste of time to go through all of those steps: itís enough
to know that if we can solve for both perimeters in terms of x, we can compare
them and answer the question.
Statement (2) is insu¢cient. Given the sum of the lengths, we donít know
how they compare. Either one could be much greater or smaller than the other.
Choice (A) is correct.
66. E
Explanation: Statement (1) and (2) are each insu¢cient on their own.
To Önd the perimeter, you need the measurement of all three sides, and unless
we know that the triangle is equilateral, the measurement of one side is not
su¢cient to do so.
Taken together, the statements are still insu¢cient. Because the triangle
is isoceles, the third side, QS, must be equal to one of the two other sides.
However, we donít know which one, so QS could be either 12 or 16. Those two
values give us di§erent perimeters, so choice (E) is correct.
67. B
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. In a circle with radius 3, the
farthest apart any two points within the circle could be is a little less than the
diameter, which is 6. So, if A is within the circle and AB is 5, B could be
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within the circle; of course, it also could not be within the circle. If A is near
the edge, B could be very far outside of the circle.
Statement (2) is su¢cient. Since O is the center of the circle and the radius
is 3, any point within a little less than 3 of O is within the circle. If BO is 2,
then B is 2 from the center of the circle, so it must be within the circle. Choice
(B) is correct.
68. E
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. This gives us some relation-
ship between the two triangles, but we donít have any concrete numbers. x
and y could be 30 and 60, 40 and 80, or any number of other possibilities.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient. The measure of DCA isnít enough to give
us anything else. Be wary of diagrams that look like isoceles triangles: this
looks like one, but thereís no evidence that it is one.
Taken together, the statements are still insu¢cient. Again, this diagram is
drawn to tempt you into assuming the triangles are isoceles, in which case (C)
would be correct. However, you donít know enough to Önd the value of x or y.
y depends on the angle measure of DAC, and we donít know that. Choice (E)
is correct.
69. B
Explanation: Statements like these about the number line are just dis-
guised inequalities. The question is:
Is s > !4 ?
Statement (1) is insu¢cient. This one says: s > !6. If s is greater than
-6, it might be greater than -4, but it might be between -6 and -4.
Statement (2) is su¢cient. This one says: !3 < s < !2. Every possible
value of s is greater than -4, so choice (B) is correct.
70. C
Explanation: If l and w are the length and width of B, then a = lw.
Statement (1) is insu¢cient. The diagonal of a rectangle is the hypotenuse
of a right triangle with the length and width as legs, so the pythagorean theorem
applies:
l2 + w2 = 52
Thatís one equation with two variables, so itís not enough.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient. In this case, 2l + 2w = 14, or l + w = 7.
Taken together, the statements are su¢cient. In the vast majority of geome-
try problems with multiple equations, it doesnít matter than one of the equations
has an exponentñif you have two equations (linear or not) with two variables,
you can solve. To conÖrm in this case:
l =7!w
(7 ! w)2 + w2 = 25
49 ! 14w + w2 + w2 = 25
2w2 ! 14w + 24 = 0
w2 ! 7w + 12 = 0
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(w ! 4)(w ! 3) = 0
w = 4 or w = 3
In either case, the length is then the other: when w = 4, l = 3, and vice
versa. Since we know both, it doesnít matter which one is which to determine
that the area is 12. Choice (C) is correct.
71. D
Explanation: Statement (1) is su¢cient: If (b; a) lies in quadrant III,
then b is negative and a is negative. Thus, (a; b) lies in III as well.
Statement (2) is also su¢cient. If (b; !a) lies in quadrant II, then b is
negative and !a is positive, which means that a is negative. Since both are
negative, (a; b) lies in quadrant III. Choice (D) is correct.
72. E
Explanation: Statement (1) is su¢cient: If (b; a) lies in quadrant III,
then b is negative and a is negative. Thus, (a; b) lies in III as well.
Statement (2) is also su¢cient. If (b; !a) lies in quadrant II, then b is
negative and !a is positive, which means that a is negative. Since both are
negative, (a; b) lies in quadrant III. Choice (D) is correct.
73. C
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. If Y Z is less than both XY
and XZ, we donít know that the two longer segments are equal, just how they
compare to Y Z.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient: if the three points form an isoceles triangle,
we know that two of the sides are equal, but not which two.
Taken together, the statements are su¢cient. We know that two of the
segments must be equal, and since Y Z is smaller than the other two, it cannot
be equal to any other side. Thus, XY = XZ. Choice (C) is correct.
74. C
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. Since the three angles must
sum to 180, we know that b = 180 ! (a + c). So, to simplify:
a + c = 2(180 ! a ! c)
a + c = 360 ! 2a ! 2c
3a + 3c = 360
a + c = 120
That conÖrms that b is 60, but we donít know how those 120 degrees are
divided between a and c.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient. Follow the same reasoning for (1), only
with di§erent variables. In this case, we discover that b + c = 120 and a = 60.
Again, we donít know that b and c are both 60; they could be, say, 80 and 40.
Taken together, the statements are su¢cient. If b = 60 and a = 60, then
c = 60, so the triangle is equilateral. Choice (C) is correct.
75. A
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Explanation: The smallest of the three angles is the one that corresponds
to the shortest of the three sides. You donít need to worry about which angle
corresponds with which side ñ itís good enough to realize that you could Ögure
that out if necessary. Since x + y must be greater than x or y, AC cannot be
the shortest side; you only need to know whether x is greater than y.
Statement (1) is su¢cient: x is 1 greater than y, so the angle that corre-
sponds with side BC is the shortest.
Statement (2) is insu¢cient: this tells us nothing about x, which could be
less than or greater than 4. Choice (A) is correct.
76. E
Explanation: To Önd the surface area of the entire can, youíd need the
radius of the base and the height of the can. For just the label, you need the
radius of the base and the height of the label.
Statement (1) is insu¢cient. The volume depends on both the height and
the radius; in short, we have one equation with two variables, neither one of
which is the height of the label itself.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient. This gives us the height of the label, but
we need the radius of the can as well.
Taken together, the statements are still insu¢cient. We have the height of
the label, and we have one equation involving both the radius of the base and
the height of the can, which isnít enough to give us the radius. Choice (E) is
correct.
77. B
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. For any value of x and y,
there is a di§erent resulting value of z.
Statement (2) is su¢cient. x + y + z = 180, since they are the three interior
angles of a triangle. If x + y = 114, we can Önd z by substituting the value for
x + y:
114 + z = 180
z = 66
78. C
Explanation: Since QN is perpendicular to M P , we can use those two
lines as the base and height of the triangle. To Önd the area of M N P , we need
both.
Statement (1) is insu¢cient. If we knew the relationship between M Q and
M P (for instance, if M Q was half of M P ) it would be enough, but we donít
know.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient. This tells us M N P is an equilateral
triangle, but it gives us no measurements of the triangle.
Taken together, the statements are su¢cient. In an equilateral triangle, the
height intersects the base at its midpoint, so M Q is half of M P , and triangle
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M N Q has half the area of triangle M N P . Thus, the area of M N P is 36.

Choice (C) is correct.
79. A
Explanation: In DS questions, itís important to remember that diagrams
may or may not be drawn to scale. Sometimes, they are not even close to scale.
As it turns out, this is one of those cases.
Statement (1) is su¢cient. W Y includes the length of W X, so W Y > W X.
Thus, Y Z > W Y > W X or, more pertinently, Y Z > W X.
Statement (2) is insu¢cient. This doesnít give us any information about
Y Z, so it doesnít help us compare Y Z to W X. Choice (A) is correct.
80. A
Explanation: Statement (1) is su¢cient: if the distance between 0 and
x is 27 , that means that the space between each pair of tick marks is 17 . Thus,
since there are six spaces between 0 and z, the value of z is 67 .
Statement (2) is insu¢cient. Each of x, y ! x, and z ! y is two tick marks,
and we donít know how far apart each pair of tick marks is. On its own, thatís
not enough. Choice (A) is correct.
81. B
Explanation: For the product of the four variables to be positive, they
either must be all positive, all negative, or two positive and two negative.
Statement (1) is insu¢cient. If the product of c and d is positive, there are
several possibilities. If all four variables are positive, the product of all four is
positive. If a is negative and the other three are positive, the product of all
four is negative.
Statement (2) is su¢cient. If a is positive and, according to the number line,
the other three variables are greater than a, all four must be positive. Thus,
the product of all four must be positive. Choice (B) is correct.
82. B
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. The point (!1; 2) is in quad-
rant II, directly above quadrant III. If the line has a gentle downward slope
(such as ! 14 ), the y-intercept of the line will be positive, and the line will not
intersect quadrant III. However, if the slope is positive or is a steeper negative,
it will intersect quadrant III.
Statement (2) is su¢cient. If the slope of the line is positive, that means it
angles upward and to the right. (Or, if you prefer, downward and to the left.)
Thus, the x-intercept will be to the left of the point, and below the x axis, the
line will run through quadrant III. Choice (B) is correct.
83. C
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. This gives us the relationship
between RS and RT , but since we donít have any numbers, we canít come up
with an absolute distance.
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Statement (2) is also insu¢cient. Here we have a number, but no way to

relate it to RT .
Taken together, the statements are su¢cient. (1) tells us that ST is half
of RT , and (2) gives us the measure of ST . Thus, RT = 14, so choice (C) is
correct.
84. C
Explanation: Statements (1) and (2) are both insu¢cient. Given one
point on a line, you know nothing else about the line. To know the x-intercept
(or any other speciÖc point), you need either one point and the slope, or two
points (from which you could determine the slope).
Taken together, then, the statements are su¢cient. Given two points, you
can Önd the slope and the equation of the line, from which you can determine
the x-intercept. Choice (C) is correct.
85. E
Explanation: To Önd the midpoint of a line segment, you need the coor-
dinates of both the endpoints of the segment.
Statement (1) is insu¢cient: given the length, you donít know the coordi-
nates of either point.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient: to Önd the midpoint, you also need the
coordinates of point B.
Taken together, the statements are still insu¢cient. We know that B is 6
away from (2; 4), but we donít know in which direction. Choice (E) is correct.
86. D
Explanation: The surface area of a cube depends on only one variable:
the length of each side.
Statement (1) is su¢cient: if the surface area of one of the faces is 9, the
length of each side is 3. The total surface area is given by 6s2 , so if s = 3, the
surface area is 54.
Statement (2) is also su¢cient. This directly tells us the length of each side,
which is the only thing we need to calculate surface area. Choice (D) is correct.
87. D
Explanation: There is only one variable needed to determine the area of
a square: the length of one side.
Statement (1) is su¢cient: given the coordinates of W , we can Önd the
length of W Z (5), which means the length of all the sides is 5, and the area is
25.
Statement (2) is also su¢cient. Given the coordinates of both X andpZ,
we can Önd the length of a diagonal of the square, which turns out to be 5 2.
That means that the length of a side is 5, so the area is 25. Choice (D) is
correct.
88. C
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Explanation: Statement (1) is not su¢cient. If the slope is 1, the line

moves upward and to the right at the same rate. Since the line passes through
(2; 2), each point has x and y-coordinates that are equal. (r; s) could be some-
thing like (3; 3), but it could also be (!4; !4).
Statement (2) is also not su¢cient. From (2) alone, we donít know anything
about the line except for one point it passes through; while (r; s) could be
(!4; !4), it could also be something like (2; !3), since there are next to no
limitations on what (r; s) could be.
Taken together, the statements are su¢cient. (1) tells us that the coordi-
nates are equal, so if, as (2) points out, s is negative, r must be negative as well.
Choice (C) is correct.
89. E
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. If one of the interior angles
is right, the other two must sum to 90. One of those two could be 60, but we
have no way of knowing.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient: two of the angles could be 60 and 30, but
two could also be, say, 70 and 35.
Taken together, the statements are still insu¢cient. If one of the angles is
90, there are two possibilities. One is that BCA = 90, in which case CAB = 45
and the remaining angle is also 45. The other is that BCA = 60, CAB = 30,
and the remaining angle is 90. Choice (E) is correct.
90. C
Explanation: To Önd the slope of a line, you need either the equation of
the line (which includes the slope), or the coordinates of two points on the line.
Statements (1) and (2) are each insu¢cient on their own: each gives you one
point on the line. You need two to Önd the slope.
Taken together, the statements are su¢cient. The x and y-intercepts are
points like any other; given the points (4; 0) and (0; !2), you can Önd the slope
of the line. Choice (C) is correct.
91. D
Explanation: To Önd the area of the circle, you need the radius of the
circle, which is the same as the base and height of triangle OAC.
Statement (1) is su¢cient. AOC p is a 45 : 45 : 90 right triangle,p so we
know the ratio of the sides: x : x : x 2. If AC, the hypotenuse is 4 2, then
AO = OC = 4, and the area is 16).
Statement (2) is also su¢cient. The sector is deÖned by a right (90 degree)
angle, so it represents 14 of the circle. If the area of 14 of the circle is 4), the
area of the whole circle is 4 times that: 16). Choice (D) is correct.
92. C
Explanation: Since M is at the origin, we know its coordinates. The
base of the triangle is M P ; the height of the triangle is the distance between N
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and the x-axis. So, to Önd the area, weíll need the x-coordinate of point P and
the y-coordinate of point N .
Statement (1) is insu¢cient: we know the coordinates of N , so we know the
height of the triangle is 6; since the x-coordinate of N is also 6, we know that
the base of the triangle must be more than 6. That means that the area of the
triangle must be greater than 12 (6)(6) = 18, which doesnít tell us whether itís
greater than 30.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient: on its own, this statement doesnít give us
any measurements, so it doesnít help at all in Önding the area.
Taken together, the statements are su¢cient. If M N = M P , the triangle is
isoceles, and the corresponding angles are equal as well. If N is 6 to the right of
M , P must be 6 to the right of N , which tells us that the base of the triangle is
12. We already know that the height is 6, so the area is 12 (12)(6) = 36. Choice
(C) is correct.
93. E
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. If x is negative, the point
could lie in either quadrant II or quadrant III.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient. If the sum of the coordinates is negative,
the only quadrant that is impossible is I, where both coordinates are positive.
If both are negative (quadrant III), then the sum must be negative. If one is
negative and the other is positive (quadrants II and IV), the sum is less than
zero if the absolute value of the positive quadrant is less than the absolute value
of the negative quadrant.
Taken together, the statements are still insu¢cient. Both (1) and (2) allow
for the point to be in either II or III; in II, it could be a point such as (!4; 3);
in III, it could be any point where x = !4. Choice (E) is correct.
94. A
Explanation: Since all the interior angles of the triangle are given in
terms of the same variable, we can calculate the measure of each angle:
3x + 2x + x = 180
6x = 180
x = 30
Thus, the other two angles are 60 and 90, meaningp that we have a 30 : 60 : 90
triangle, one which we know the side ratio for: x : x 3 : 2x. To Önd the length
of one side, we only need one of the other sides.
Statement (1) is su¢cient: given the length of AC, we can use the side ratio
to Önd the length of AB.
Statement (2) is insu¢cient: we already know that x = 30, so this is irrele-
vant. Choice (A) is correct.
95. B
Explanation: The only way x + y = 90 is if the third angle is a right
angle. So, the question is asking whether the triangle is a right triangle.
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Statement (1) is insu¢cient. If a and b are equal, that means we have an

isoceles triangle, and that angles x and y are equal. We donít know whether
those equal angles are 45 each, or 50 each, or something else entirely.
Statement (2) is su¢cient. If the pythagorean theorem is true for the three
sides of the triangle, it must be a right triangle. If itís a right triangle, x+y = 90.
96. C
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient: we know that ABCD is a
square, so the length of BC gives us all of the other side lengths of the square,
and we can determine that the area of ABCD is 49. However, thatís not helpful
regarding BEF C; we know itís a rectangle, and now we have one dimension,
but we donít know the other dimension.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient. This gives us the relationship between
the widths of ABCD and BEF C, but we donít have any actual numbers, so
we canít calculate an area.
Taken together, the statements are su¢cient. We know that the heights of
ABCD and BEF C are the same; (2) tells us that the widths are the same as
well. Thus, if the area of ABCD is 49, the area of BEF C is 49 as well. Choice
(C) is correct.
97. C
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient. To Önd the perimeter, we
need 2l + 2w or l + w; area is equal to lw. If the dimensions are 6 and 8, thatís
a di§erent perimeter than if the dimensions are 2 and 24.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient. The diagonal of a rectangle is the hy-
potenuse of a triangle with two of the legs as sides; in other words:
l2 + w2 = 102
Again, we have a two-variable equation and no way to directly determine
l + w.
Taken together, the statements are su¢cient. Most simply, each of the
two statements gives us one equation with two variables, so when we put them
together, thereís one solution. (Note: technically, that rule applies to "linear"
equationsñthat is, equations without exponents. However, in the vast majority
of cases, the multiple answers that an exponent generates include one positive
and one negative answer. In a geometry question, there are no negative lengths,
so we can ignore that loophole.) Choice (C) is correct.
98. C
Explanation: Statement (1) is insu¢cient: area is the product of length
and width; without knowing the length (or some relationship between the length
and width) we canít Önd the width.
Statement (2) is also insu¢cient. We know that w = l ! 3, but since we
donít have the length, we canít Önd the width.
Taken together, the statements are su¢cient. If lw = 40 and w = l ! 3, we
can solve:
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l(l ! 3) = 40
l2 ! 3l ! 40 = 0
(l ! 8)(l + 5) = 0
l = 8 or l = !5
Since there are no negative lengths, l = 8 and w = 5. Choice (C) is correct.
99. A
Explanation: In both a square and a circle, there is only one dimension:
in a square, everything depends on the length of a side; in a circle, everything
depends on the radius.
Statement (1) is su¢cient. If we call the area x, a side of the square s, and
the radius of the circle r, we know that s2 = x and that )r2 = x. In other
words, we can solve for both the side length and the radius in terms of x. Given
that, we can Önd the perimeter of the square and the circumference of the circle
in terms of x. Thereís no need to spend the time doing that: realize that, if
you can Önd them both in terms of the same variable, you can compare them
and learn which is greater.
Statement (2) is insu¢cient. The perimeter is 4s, where s is the length of
a side of the square, and the circumference is 2)r, or approximately 6:2r. If r
and s are equal, then 6:2r will be greater; if s is just a little bit bigger than r ñ
say r = 4 and s = 5, then the circumference will be greater than the perimeter;
but if s is much biggerñsay r = 2 and s = 6, then the perimeter will be greater
than the circumference. Choice (A) is correct.
100. D
Explanation: Statements like these about the number line are just dis-
guised inequalities. The question is:
Is t > !6 ?
Statement (1) is su¢cient: if t > !5, it is always greater than -6.
Statement (2) is also su¢cient. If !4 < t < !1, every possible value of t is
greater than -6, so the answer is always "yes." Choice (D) is correct.
59

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Geometry-Fundamentals Skip #42, 59, 75, 88, 91

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GMAT Geometry: Fundamentals

Je§ Sackmann / GMAT HACKS

Moderately Easy (4)

1. Rectangular region X and triangular region Y have equal area. If

2. On the graph above, when x = 2, y = 14 , and when x = 1, y = 34 .

3. A cylindrical drum with a capacity of 10 cubic meters is 2 meters

4. In the rectangular coordinate system above, the area of 4XAB is

5. What is the combined area, in square inches, of the front and

6. A rectangular trash bin is Ölled at the rate of approximately 2 cubic

7. Abigail wants to put up a picket fence around three sides of her

8. Of the Öve coordinates associated with points A, B, C, D, and E

9. In the Ögure above, the coordinates of point K are

10. In circle O above, what fraction of the circular region is shaded?

12. In circle O above, two of the three sectors constitute 27 and 14

14. In the Ögure above, the value of y is

15. In the Ögure above, if ABCD is a parallelogram, then y ! x =

16. If a square tile has an 12-centimeter diagonal, what is the

17. If a right circular cylinder has a volume of 24) and a height of 6,

18. A certain rectangular card is twice as long as it is wide. If its

20. In the rectangular coordinate system above, if point D (not shown)

21. In the Ögure above, x + y =

22. The radius of circle O above is 2. What is the area of triangle

24. In the rectangular coordinate system above, the area of

25. On the rectangular coordinate plane, what is the distance

26. In the Ögure above, a square is inscribed in a circle. If each

28. If two sides of a triangle have lengths of 4 and 7, which of the

29. If a, b, c, and d are numbers on the number line shown above,

30. The y-intercept of a line l is !2. If the slope of l is positive,

33. A square is inscribed in a circle. If the perimeter of the square

35. A rectangular photograph with side lengths of 8 inches and 10

36. On the xy-coordinate plate, if point B is located at (!2; 3) and

37. In the rectangular coordinate system above, the area of 4BCE

38. In the rectangular coordinate system above, the area of 4ABC is

39. If the radius of a circular region were increased by 10 percent,

41. What is the perimeter of the Ögure above?

42. In the rectangular coordinate system above, RSTU is a

43. If a square region has area a, what is the perimeter of the

46. On the graph above, when y = 1, x = 23 ; and when y = 3, x = !4.

48. In the rectangular coordinate system shown above, which

49. The phrase "n-inch screen" refers to a rectangular screen with a

50. In 4XY Z above, what is a in terms of b?

(A) Statement (1) ALONE is su¢cient, but statement (2) alone

51. In the Ögure above, what is the value of b?

52. If l and w represent the length and width, respectively, of the

53. In 4XY Z, what is the length of XY ?

54. Point (x; y) lies in which quadrant of the rectangular coordinate

55. If A, B, and C are distinct points, do line segments AB and BC

56. In the triangle above, does a2 + b2 = c2 ?

58. What is the radius of circle O above?

59. The perimeter of a rectangular window is 28 feet. What is the

60. In the Ögure above, what is the measure of \XBC?p

61. Is the perimeter of equilateral triangle T greater than the

63. What is the area of the rectangular region above?

64. In triangle ABC above, what is the length of side AB ?

65. Is the perimeter of equilateral triangle T greater than the

66. What is the perimeter of isoceles triangle QRS?

68. In the Ögure above, what is the value of y?

69. Is s to the right of !4 on the number line?

70. If a is the area of rectangle B, what is the value of a?

71. If ab 6= 0, in what quadrant of the coordinate system above

72. A certain walking trail has rest areas at points R, S, T and U ,

73. If X, Y , and Z are distinct points, do line segments XY and XZ

74. Is the triangle above equilateral?