UNIT 7: AROUND THE WORLD

7D. FIRST CONDITIONAL

Write complete sentences with the given words.

1. If/ she/ earn/ a lot of money/ she/ fly/ New York.

 If she earns a lot of money, she will fly to New York.

2. David/ go/ picnic/ tomorrow/ if/ weather/ fine.

 David will go pinic tomorrow if the weather is fine.

3. What/ you/ do/ if/ you/ not/ go/ away/ for/ weekend?

 What will you do if you don’t go away for weekend?

4. We/ have to/ go/ without/ John/ if/ he/ not/ arrive/ soon.

 We will have to go without John if he doesn’t arrive soon.

5. If/ he/ wash/ my car/ I/ give/ $20.

 If he washes my car, I will give $20.

6. When/ you/ repay/ me/ if/ I lend/ you/ $100?

 When will you repay me if I lend you $100?

7. We/ take/ train/ Edinburgh/ if/ it/ run/ on time.

 We will take train to Edinburgh if it run on time.

8. It /rain/ we / cancel / match.

 If it rain, we will cancel the match.

9. If/ you/ take/ first bus/ you/ get /there on time.

10. I/ miss/ school bus/ if/ I/ not/ get up early.

11. You/ catch/ cold/ if/ you/ not/ wear/ coat.

12. If/ I/ come home/ early/ I/ prepare dinner.

13. If/ we/ win/ lottery/ we/ fly/ London.

14. If/ I/meet/ Brad Pitt/ I/ ask/ for/ his autograph.

15. If/ weather/ be/ nice/ they/ play/ football.

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7B & D. MUST, MUSTN’T, NEEDN’T & FIRST CONDITIONAL

Rewrite the sentences below without changing their meaning.

1. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.

2. Don’t touch that wire or you may get an electric shock.

3. If you don’t leave me alone, I’ll call the police.

4. Don’t tell lies to your boss or you’ll be fired at once.

5. Unless Seema submits the assignment today, she will loose her marks.

6. I will join you, unless I am working on Sunday.

7. Unless we curb poverty, we will be a poor nation.

8. Don’t chew gum in the class.

9. It isn’t necessary for you to do all the exercises.

10. I strongly advise you to take part in the meeting.

11. It’s important not to write anything on the walls

12. It’s important for students not to use their mobile phones during the lessons.

13. It’s important to arrive on time for lessons.

14. It’s important for students and teachers to be polite to each other.

15. It isn’t necessary for you to buy a coursebook because your teacher will give you one.

16. Don’t eat or drink in any of the classrooms.

17. It’s necessary for students to take an exam at the end of the year.

18. It is unnecessary for you to come.

19. Eating chewing-gum in the class is prohibited.

20. There was an obligation to turn off the mobile phone.

USE OF ENGLISH

I. Complete the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in block capital.

1. In this respect, English .................. from French. (DIFFERENT)

2. She is the .................. of a broken home. (PRODUCE)
3. They saw several National Theater ..................... (PRODUCE)

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 4. The business is in a ................... financial position. (DANGER)
5. We’re expecting a new ................. in the family soon. (ARRIVE)
6. What is the ………………….. of the runway at this airport? (LONG)
7. My boss is finding a ………………… for Sue while she is ill. (REPLACE)
8. I feel …………….. , so I’m going to bed. (SLEEP)
9. Peter is a better ………………. than Tom. (DRIVE)
10. She has one of the biggest …………………….. in Britain. (COLLECT)

II. Complete the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in block capital.

1. She met with many ................... when immigrating in France. (DIFFICULT)

2. Exercise has made a ..................... in her health. (DIFFERENT)
3. Don’t forget to drive ......................! (CARE)
4. The research has many practical ...................... (APPLY)
5. We have no …………………. evidence for it. (HISTORY)
6. It’s very …………….. to live in a damp room. (HEALTH)
7. I ……………….. that record to John but never got it back. (LOAN)
8. Magnets will ……………………. most metals. (ATTRACTIVE)
9. You need a lot of …………………… to be a teacher. (PATIENT)
10. They work hard, but their efforts are not very ...................... (PRODUCE)

III. Complete the texts with the correct form of the words given in brackets.

Example: (0) impossible

These days it is (0: POSSIBLE) …………… to open a newspaper without reading about the damage
we are doing to the environment. The earth is being (1) …………… (threat) and the future looks bad. What
can each of us do?

We cannot clean up our (2)………….. (pollution) rivers and seas overnight. Nor can we stop the (3)
…………… (appear) of plants and animals. But we can stop adding to the problem while (4)…………….
(science) search for answers, and laws are passed in nature’s (5)……………. (defend).

It may not be easy to change your lifestyle (6)……………. (complete), but some steps are easy to
take: cut down the amount of (7)……………... (drive) you do, or use as little plastic as possible. It is also
easy to save energy, which also reduces (8)……………. (house) bills. We must all make a personal (9)
…………… (decide) to work for the future of our planet if we want to (10) …………… (sure) a better
world for our grandchildren.

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IV. Complete the texts with the correct form of the words given in brackets.

I can’t wait for my 18th birthday because I know I’ll be getting a second-hand car, though my parents
have been a bit (1) ………. (worry) about my driving. They feel that I’m still rather (2) ……….
(responsible). I think this is because they’ve read reports in the press teenagers who don’t drive (3) ……….
(safe) and exceed the speed limit. Luckily, I’ve managed to persuade them that I am mature and (4) ……….
(rely). Because I’ve wanted a car (5) ………. (bad), I’ve even been on a course where I learnt extra (6)
………. (drive) skills, such as recognizing hazards, as well as space and speed (7) ………. (manage). I
realize the the roads are very (8) ………. (danger) and that my (9) ………. (behave) may affect other
people’s lives. Hopefully, I’ll be able to live up to my parents (10) ………. (expect).

V. Complete the texts with the correct form of the words given in brackets.

People collect a large variety of objects: stamps, post cards, dolls. Some people collect objects which
are connected with (1) ………. (history) events or with (2) ………. (fame) people. But one of the strangest
(3) ………. (collect) is that of eggcups. Kevin Murphy of Bradford in Yorkshire has 10,000 of them. Not
(4) ………. (surprise), his favourite eggcups is one in the shape of a (5) ………. (type) Yorkshireman.
Kevin’s hobby began seven years ago, after he (6) ………. (loan) an elephant eggcup to a granddaughter
who took such a (7) ………. (like) to it she insisted on keeping it. Kevin saw a few eggcups he liked at a (8)
………. (sell) at a local shop, and started collecting them. Others like Kevin’s eggcups too. “I have just
bought a (9) ………. (replace) for one of my favourites, which (10) ………. (mystery) disappeared last
week,” he said.

VI. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the following passage:

Singapore is (1) ............. island city of about three million people. It’s a beautiful city (2) ..................
lots of parks and open spaces. It’s also a very (3) ............. city. Most of the people (4) ................. in high-rise
flats in different parts of the island. The business district is very modern with (5) ................. of high new
office buildings. Singapore also has some nice (6) ................. sections. In Chinatown, there (7) ...............
rows of old shop houses. The government buildings in Singapore are very beautiful and date from the
colonial days. Singapore is famous (8) ................ its shops and restaurants. There are many good shopping
centers. Most of the goods (9) .............. duty free. Singapore’s restaurants sell Chinese, Indian, Malay and
European food, and the prices are quite (10) ..................

1. A. a B. an C. the D. x
2. A. with B. by C. of D. around
3. A. large B. dirty C. small D. clean

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 4. A. live B. lives C. are living D. lived
5. A. lot B. lots C. many D. much
6. A. eldest B. elder C. older D. oldest
7. A. is B. will be C. were D. are
8. A. in B. on C. at D. for
9. A. is B. has been C. are D. were
10. A. reasonable B. reason C. reasonably D. unreasonable

VII. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the following passage:

New Year is one of the most important (1) ................ in the United States. (2) .............. New Year's
Eve, most people go to the parties. At twelve o'clock (3) ............. night, everyone says "Happy New Year"
and they (4) .................. their friends and relatives good luck. New Year's Eve is usually a long night to this
holiday children (5) ................ as witches, ghosts or others. Most children go (6) ................ house to house
asking for candy or fruit. (7) ................ the people at the house do not give (8) ............... candy, the children
will (9) ................ a trick on them. But this (10) ............... ever happens. Many people give them candy or
fruit.

1. A. festivals B. meetings C. contests D. courses

2. At B. On C. In D. By
3. A. on B. at C. in D. for
4. A. dream B. greet C. wish D. congratulate
5. A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off
6. A. from B. to C. at D. in
7. A. Whether B. So C. Although D. If
8. A. they B. them C. their D. theirs
9. A. say B. tell C. play D. speak
10. A. hardly B. hard C. soon D. always

VIII. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the following passage:

Jeans are very popular with (1) ................ people (2) ................... the world. Some people say that
jeans are the “uniform” of youth. But they (3) .................. popular. The story of jeans (4) ............... almost
two hundred years ago. People in Genoa, Italy made pants. The cloth made in genoa was (5) ................
“jeanos”. The pants were called “jeans”. In 1850, a salesman in California began (6) .............. pants made of
canvas. (7) ............... name was Levi Strauss. Because they were so strong, “Levi’s pants” became
(8) ................ with gold miners, farmers and cowboys. Six years later Levis began making his pants
(9) ................. blue cotton cloth called denim. Soon after, factory (5)_______in the US and Europe began
wearing jeans. Young people usually didn’t wear them.

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 1. A. rich B. old C. young D. poor
2. A. in B. all over C. on D. A & B
3. A. aren’t always B. weren’t always C. isn’t always D. haven’t always been
4. A. start B. starts C. was starting D. started
5. A. call B. calls C. calling D. called
6. A. sold B. to sell C. selling D. B & C
7. A. He B. Whose C. His D. The
8. A. famous B. popular C. good D. wonderful
9. A. with B. of C. in D. for
10. A. workers B. drivers C. cowboys D. farmers

IX. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the following passage:

Most of the energy we use today (1) ............... from coal, oil and gas. (2) ............... , these will not
last forever, and burning them is slowly harming the (3) ............. . We need to (4) ............. other ways of
supplying energy. Solar power is a way of using the (5) ............... energy as heat or to make electricity. We
can also use wind-power by building modern (6) ............... that spin in the wind. There are several types of
water-power: river water (7) .............. mountainous areas can (8) ............... to generate hydroelectric power,
and we can also create electricity (9) ............... sea water flowing in and out with the (10) ...............

1. A. makes B. creates C. comes D. begins

2. A. But B. However C. Although D. Therefore
3. A. soil B. atmosphere C. water D. resources
4. A. look after B. look into C. look at D. look for
5. A. sun’s B. moon’s C. star’s D. earth’s
6. A. windbreaks B. windmills C. wind tunnels D. wind chimes
7. A. on B. at C. in D. to
8. A. use B. using C. be used D. to use
9. A. in B. for C. by D. from
10. A. crests B. ways C. waves D. tides
X. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the following passage:

David Evans is a (1) ................ . He (2) ............. farming on his own land in Wales. The farm has
belonged (3) ............... his family for generations. David (4) ……….. sheep on his land. He does not employ
(5) ……… fulltime workers. His sons helps him when they are not (6) ………… school. The guests from
the city enjoy (7) ............ quiet holidays in the clean country (8) ………. and they come to visit their farm.
(9) .................. , it’s a lonely life for the Evans family when the guests have gone. The question is that if his
children want to (10) …………. the farm when Mr. Evans gives up working.

1. A. farmer B. doctor C. worker D. teacher

2. A. works B. does C. goes D. grows
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 3. A. for B. of C. to D. with
4. A. feeds B. grows C. raises D. leads
5. A. some B. more C. much D. any
6. A. in B. for C. at D. on
7. A. them B. their C. theirs D. they
8. A. wind B. sight C. life D. air
9. A. But B. Though C. However D. So
10. A. take off B. take over C. take after D. take care

FURTHER READINGS

Reading 1: Read the passage and answer the questions.

PENCILS AND PENS

No one knows who invented pencils or when it happened. A Swiss described a pencil in a book in
1565. He said it was a piece of wood with lead (Pb) inside it. (Lead is a very heavy metal). Pencils weren’t
popular, and people continued to write with pens. They used bird feathers as pens.

Then in 1795 someone started making pencils from graphite and they became very popular. Graphite
is a kind of coal. (Coal is black, and we burn it for heat and energy). Today people make pencils in the same

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way. They grind the graphite, make it into the shape of a stick, and bake it. Then they put it inside a piece of
wood. One pencil can write 50,000 English words or make a line 55 kilometers long.

People wrote with feather pens and then used pens with metal points. They had to dip the point into
ink after every few letters. Next someone invented a fountain pen that could hold ink inside it. A fountain
pen can write several pages before you have to fill it again.

Two Hungarian brothers, Ladislao and Georg Biro, invented the ballpoint pen that we use today.
They left Hungary and started making ballpoint pens in England in 1943 during World War II. English pilots
liked them. They couldn’t write with fountain pens in airplanes because the ink leaked out. Later, a French
company called Bic bought the Biro’s Company.

Some people call ballpoint pens a bic. Australians call them biros. Whatever we call them, we use
them every day.

1. Who invented the pencil?

2. When was the pencil invented?
3. Describe the pencils in 1565.
4. Describe a modern pencil.
5. How do people make pencils today?
6. What kind of pens did people write with after feather pens?
7. Why was a fountain pen better than the old pens?
8. Where were the inventors of the ballpoint pen from?
9. Why is a ballpoint better than a fountain pen for pilots?
10. In what country are Bic pens made?

Reading 2: Read the text and complete the information below with a name or number.

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1. The number of countries where Baywatch has appeared. ……………….

2. The year Baywatch first appeared on TV. ……………….

3. The number of years it took to make Walking with Dinosaurs. ……………….

4. The number of countries where Walking with Dinosaurs has appeared. ……………….

5. The person who has the original idea for Pop Idol. ……………….

6. The winner of Arab Super Star in 2004. ……………….

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 7. The name of the most important character in Fawlty Towers. ……………….

8. When the last episode of Fawlty Towers appeared. ……………….

9. The person who had the original idea for Big Brother. ……………….

10. When Big Brother first appeared on Dutch TV. ……………….

Reading 3: Read the passage and answer the questions.

1. Is a real Earth year longer or shorter than 365 days?

2. Which planet was farthest from the Sun in 1995?
3. How long is a year on Mercury?
4. What is twenty-seven kilometres high?
5. Which planet is it possible to see without a telescope?
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 6. Which planet has been mistaken for a UFO?
7. How many Earths could the Sun hold?
8. Which planet was discovered most recently?
9. Which planet goes round the Sun 'lying down'?
10. How many times has Neptune been round the Sun since it was discovered?

Reading 4: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

Before the invention of the postage stamp, it was difficult to send a letter to another country. The sender
paid for the letter to travel in his or her own country. Then the person in the other country paid for that part
of the trip. If a letter crossed several countries, the problem was worse.

Rowland Hill, a British teacher, had the idea of a postage stamp with glue on the back. The British post
office made the first stamps in 1840. They were the Penny Black and the Two pence Blue. A person bought
a stamp and put it on a letter. The post office delivered the letter. When people received letters, they didn’t
have to pay anything. The letters were prepaid.

Postage stamp became popular in Great Britain immediately. Other countries started making their own
postage stamps very quickly.

There were still problems with international mail. Some countries did not want to accept letters with
stamps from another country. Finally, in 1874 a German organized the Universal Postal System. Each
country in the UPS agreed to accept letters with prepaid postage from the other members.

Today the offices of the UPS are in Switzerland. Almost every country in the world is a member of this
organization. It takes care of any international mail problems.

Today post offices in every country sell beautiful stamps. Collecting stamps is one of the most popular
hobbies in the world, and every stamp collector knows about the Penny Black and the Two pence Blue.

1. Why was it difficult to send a letter to another country before the invention of the postage stamp?
2. Who invented the postage stamp?
3. When did he invent it?
4. What country was he from?
5. Were postage stamps popular?
6. Why were they popular?
7. What does prepaid mean?
8. Why didn’t countries want to accept mail with stamps from other countries?
9. What does the Universal Postal System do today?
10. Where are its offices?

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Reading 5: Read the passage and answer the questions.

The Polynesians were probably the best explorers in the history of the world. They travelled
thousands of kilometers across the Pacific Ocean in large double canoes. They could look at the stars and
know which way to go. They also understood the wind and ocean currents. They made these maps out of
sticks and shells.

About four thousand years ago, a group of people lived in southern China. They were a mixture of
white, black and Mongol people. When the Chinese moved farther and farther into the south, these people
needed to find safer homes.

Slowly these Polynesians left China in their double canoes and started toward the southeast. They
took animals and plants with them. A group of people might arrive at an island and stay there until they had
children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. Then a few families might start travelling again. Some
canoes went one way and some another. It took hundreds of years for them to reach all of the islands in
Polynesia.

The Polynesians double canoe is one of the greatest inventions in history. The Polynesians were
among the greatest sailors in history. They understood how to sail by the stars, wind and ocean currents.
This made them great explorers.

1. What did the Polynesians travel in?

2. How did they know which way to go?
3. What did they make their maps from?
4. Where did Polynesians come from at the beginning?
5. Why did they leave China?
6. What did they take with them?
7. Did they travel different ways across the ocean?
8. How long did it take for them to reach all of Polynesia?
9. What made the Polynesians great explorers?
10. Are ocean currents important for ships today?

Reading 6: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

Boxing is popular in many countries. Two fighters wear boxing gloves on their hands. A bell rings.
The boxers hit each other until one knocks out the other. Each part of the fight is three minutes long. It is
called a round. Thai boxing is different. The boxing match begins with music from drums and flutes. Then
the two fighters kneel and pray to God. Next they do a slow dance that copies the movement of Thai boxing.
During this dance, each fighter tries to show the other he is the best.

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 The fight begins. In Thai boxing, the fighters can kick with their feet and hit each other with the
bows and the knees, of course they hit with their hands too. Each round is three minutes long. The boxers
have a two minute rest. Most boxers can fight only 5 rounds because this kind of fighting is very difficult.

Thai boxing began over 500 years ago. If a soldier lost his weapons in a battle, he needed to fight
with just his body. In 1560, the Burma army captured Naresuen, the king of Thailand in a war. King
Naresuen was a very good boxer. He won his freedom from Burma by feating all the best Burmese fighters.
When he returned to Thailand, his people were proud of him. Thai boxing became a popular sport.
1. What do boxers wear on their hands?

2. What is one part of a fight called?

3. How does a Thai boxing match begin?

4. What do the boxers do before they start fighting?

5. Why do they do a slow dance?

6. How is Thai boxing different from other boxing?

7. What is the length of a round in Thai boxing?

8. Why did Thai soldiers learn to box?

9. How did King Naresuen win his freedom?

10. How did his people feel about this?

Reading 7: Read the text and answer the questions:

The Sami live in northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. There are only about thirty-two
thousand (32,000) of them, and most of them live a modern life on the coast or in the forests. Only a few of
them live a traditional life. These few mountain Sami are called nomads because they move from one place
to another with their reindeer. Their life is almost the same as it was a thousand years ago.

In winter the reindeer dig through the snow to find plants for their food. In spring these plants
become very dry, and there are lots of insects. Then the Sami move their reindeer to the coast. The deer live
on the thick grass there until winter. When the snow becomes deep, the Sami and their reindeer begin
moving slowly back to their winter homes. There is less snow there.

These nomads live in tents because they move so often. They make shoes, jackets and pants of
reindeer skin. They also wear beautiful blue and red traditional clothes. They walk or travel on skis. They
have sleds too. Reindeer pull the sleds.

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 The long trips, often in stormy weather, make life hard for these nomads. More and more people are
staying in villages on the coast. Sometimes a mother and her children travel by car and meet the father in
their winter home.

There will probably be no more Sami nomads in the future. People want a more comfortable life.
However, the Sami will probably always wear their traditional clothes on holidays. They will teach their
children the old stories and songs. People do not want to forget their traditions.

1. In what countries do the Sami live?

2. What are nomads?
3. Does the life of Sami nomads change very much?
4. How do reindeer find their food in winter?
5. Why do these Sami move away from the coast in winter?
6. Why do they live in tents?
7. How do they travel?
8. What makes life hard for these nomads?
9. Why will these Sami probably change their lives?
10. Why will the Sami teach their children the old songs and stories?

Reading 8: Read the text and questions below. For each question, mark the letter next to the
correct answer A, B, C or D.

Whenever I tell people what I do for a living, they can hardly believe this job exists. But I'm not
joking! I spend my days at work eating chocolate! Tasting the chocolate is an essential part of making sure
that customers get perfect bars of high-quality chocolate from the company I work for.

Every week I receive samples, small amounts that show what the chocolate is like, from our factory
and I have to check them for taste, texture and smell. I also have to taste the raw materials we usually use -
the nuts, fruit and so on. I spend days choosing the most suitable ones to go into the chocolate.

Just beside my company office I have a kitchen where I can test and taste products I make - and I
keep my colleagues happy by giving them samples! My kitchen is full of machine and ingredients to play
with. It's wonderful to have a private space I can go off to during the day.

No two days are the same in this job. Sometimes I am at our food lab and others. I'm in the country
buying our raw materials and as I've got a young family that can be difficult. But that kind of variety, and
lack of routine, is something I love about the job, although I think it still comes second to the chocolate
itself! The question I get asked most is whether I get bored of chocolate. I've worked with it for a long time,
and I've never felt I didn't want to eat it. In fact, I'll often go home and eat some more in the evening!

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 1. What is James Waltham doing in the text?

A. recommending the best ways to test chocolate

B. describing what personal qualities are needed to do his job

C. telling readers what makes his job worth doing for him

D. suggesting different methods of making chocolate

2. James says that when he tells people about his work, they

A. say they would like to do the same thing. B. doubt whether he is serious.

C. think it must be very easy. D. wonder why he chose it as a career.

3. James says that working in his kitchen involves

A. trying various different preparation methods.

B. checking the quantities of ingredients in each bar.

C. discussing his opinions with other members of staff.

D. making sure the best chocolate-making equipment is used.

4. What does James think is a disadvantage of his job?

A. He sometimes feels he has eaten too much chocolate.

B. He finds it difficult to have a routine with his work.

C. He has worked with the same product too long.

D. He needs to travel abroad some of the time.

5. Which one would be an advert for the chocolate company James works for?

A Every single bar of chocolate that leaves B We choose only the best ingredients - just
our factory is tested for its taste. chocolate beans, sugar and milk. We don't add
anything else.

C We're proud of being so environmentally D We check everything that goes into our chocolate,
friendly - all our ingredients are bought so that you can enjoy the best chocolate possible.
from local businesses.

Reading 9: Read the text and questions below. For each question, mark the letter next to the
correct answer A, B, C or D.

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 I work at a US university where my team and I are trying to learn more about water birds,
particularly one called the American black duck. And we've just started using an exciting piece of equipment
called a “night- vision scope”, which allows us to see the ducks in the dark!

We're worried about black ducks mainly because their numbers have fallen hugely and we don't
know whether there's enough food on the east coast for these animals. There's lots of information about their
daytime activities, but nothing about what they do at night, because we simply haven't had the equipment.
But this new “cope” will produce really clear pictures, even on moonless nights, so we'll be able to find out
more and make better decisions about looking after the area where they live based on what we learn.

It is very hard work. There are four of us, each working six hours daily. We've studied ducks in
different locations, and I've had to take a boat to some sites and make notes on every duck I see. The
weather hasn't helped - some nights are mild, but more often it's wet. Oh, and it's so quiet I've needed lots of
coffee to stop me falling asleep! We've only missed one working day so far, because the snow was too deep
even for our special snow vehicles.

Still I like the challenge of it, especially compared to what the summer will bring – hours in
laboratory, where we'll look at our results together. It’ll be hard to be stuck inside - but it's essential to do
this. And I wouldn't change it for anything!

1. What is Sam Prentice doing in the text?

A. describing how he became a wildlife biologist

B. explaining how he is doing a piece of research

C. suggesting how readers can learn about one type of bird

D. giving a report of success he's had in his work

2. What is Sam hoping to discover about American black ducks?

A. what their behaviour is like after dark

B. which kind of food they need to live on

C. which animals are responsible for the fall in their numbers

D. what makes the east coast a suitable location for them

3. When Sam spends long periods watching ducks, he

A. dislikes having to deal with low temperatures.

B. finds there's enough to do to maintain his interest.

C. is glad of the chance to be in a quiet place.

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 D. sometimes finds it difficult to stay awake.

4. What does Sam say about working inside a lab over the summer?

A. He feels pleased that he'll avoid the hot weather.

B. He accepts that it's a necessary part of his job.

C. He's looking forward to studying his results.

D. He's glad he'll be working with other people.

5. What might Sam say about his experiences of working outdoors?

A. Having the right vehicle for bad weather has meant B. We decided that we'd only go to sites that were
we've still carried on working, whatever it's been like easy to get to, and I'm really glad we made that
outside. decision.

C. Sometimes the moon hasn't been very bright, but our D The other people in my team are brilliant, but it's
equipment provides the amount of light we need to been hard watching ducks in the same place every
.
collect information. day.

Reading 10: Read the text and questions below. For each question, mark the letter next to the
correct answer A, B, C or D.

Last week I went to visit Atlantic College, an excellent private college in Wales. Unusually, it gives
young people much needed experience of life outside the classroom, as well as the opportunity to study for
their exams. The students are aged between 16 and 18 and come from all over the world, spend the morning
studying. In the afternoon they go out and do a really useful activity, such as helping on the farm, looking
after people with learning difficulties, or checking for pollution in rivers.

One of the great things about Atlantic College students is that they come from many different social
backgrounds and countries. As few can afford the fees of £20,000 over two years, grants are available. A
quarter of the students are British and many of those can only attend because they receive government help.

“I really admire the college for trying to encourage international understanding among young
people", as Barbara Molenkamp, a student from the Netherlands, said. "You learn to live with people and
respect them, even the ones you don't like. During the summer holidays my mother couldn't believe how
much less I argued with my sister.”

To sum up, Atlantic College gives its students an excellent education, using methods which really
seem to work.

1. What is the writer trying to do in the text?

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 A. give an opinion about a particular student

B. give an opinion about a special type of education

C. describe the activities the students do in their free time

D. describe his own experience of education

2. What can a reader find out from this text?

A. how to become a student at Atlantic College B. what kind of programme Atlantic College offers

C. what the British education system is like D. how to get along better with other people

3. What is the writer's opinion of Atlantic College?

A. It doesn’t allow students enough study time. B. Its students are taught to like each other.

C. It doesn’t give good value for money. D. Its way of teaching is successful

4. Since being at Atlantic College, Barbara

A. has learnt a lot about other countries. B. has become more confident than her sister.

C. finds it easier to get on with other people. D. prefers her new friends to her family.

5. Which advertisement uses correct information about Atlantic College?

A. Study at Atlantic College. B. Study at Atlantic College.

Courses for 16-18 year olds. Courses for 16-18 year olds.

Lessons all morning, Morning lessons and afternoon activities.

sport in the afternoon. Help with fees available.

C. Study at Atlantic College. D. Study at Atlantic College.

Classes on international topics. Learn English in a beautiful place.

Many free places available. Lots of weekend activities.

Students of all ages welcome. Help with fees available.

Reading 11: Read the text and questions below. For each question, mark the letter next to the
correct answer A, B, C or D.

If you want to take the whole family on holiday, and keep everybody happy, then I have found just
the place for you. I recently went with a group of friends to stay at the Greenwood Holiday Village, which is
open from May until October.

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 Built in the centre of a forest, Greenwood is a great place to stay whatever the weather. Its main
attraction for families is the indoor World of Water, where young and old can have fun in the different
pools. Some of these, however, are for serious swimmer only.

For sporty people, the Country Club offers tennis, squash and badminton. If your children are too
young to join in these sports, there are activity clubs. Greenwood is a good place for families as it is traffic-
free - you explore on foot or by bike. Some people complained that this was inconvenient, but I was pleased
to be out in the fresh ar. For evening entertainment, there are shows and cinemas.

Accommodation is in a variety of apartments of different sizes. These have up to four bedrooms, a

kitchen and a bathroom, as well as a dining area. Before going, I thought the apartments might not be big
enough for all of us, but I was pleasantly surprised - it was not too crowded at all.

I’ll definitely go back to Greenwood next year. Why don't you give it a try? Visit their website for
further information now!
1. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this text?

A. to give her opinion of the holiday village

B. to describe what her family did at the holiday village

C. to give advice to a friend going to the holiday village.

D. to complain about the holiday village.

2. From the text, the reader can find out

A. the best way to get to the holiday village.

B. the best time of year to visit the holiday village.

C. what activities are available at the holiday village.

D. how to reserve accommodation at the holiday village.

3. What does the writer think about the holiday village?

A. The apartments there are not big enough.

B. It is not convenient because you cannot use your car.

C. It can only be enjoyed in good weather.

D. There is something there for all ages.

4. What does the writer say about the apartments?

A. There is not much space between them. B. Each one has its own bathroom.

C. They all have four bedrooms. D. Not all of them have dining areas.

5. Which postcard would somebody send from the holiday village?

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 A. Dear Jane, B. Dear Jane,
The children love the beach and all the activities. As it's April, the weather isn’t good, but it doesn’t
We've got a lovely 4-bedroom apartment. matter as there's a lovely swimming pool.

Love, Love,

Ann Ann

C. Dear Jane, D Dear Jane,

My parents love the swimming pool, and the children . We're a bit disappointed that we have to drive
love riding around the forest on their bicycles. everywhere, but there’s a lot to see and do.

Love, Love,

Ann Ann

Reading 12: Read the text and questions below. For each question, mark the letter next to the
correct answer A, B, C or D.

Orbis is an organization which helps blind people everywhere. It has built an eye hospital inside an
aeroplane and flown it all over the world with an international medical team. Samantha Graham, a fourteen-
year-old schoolgirl from England, went with the plane to Mongolia. Samantha tells the story of Eukhtuul, a
young Mongolian girl.

"Last year, when Eukhtuul was walking home from school, she was attacked by boys with sticks and
her eyes were badly damaged. Dr Duffey, an Orbis doctor said that without an operation she would never
see again. I thought about all the everyday things I do that she couldn't, things like reading schoolbooks,
watching television, seeing friends, and I realized how lucky I am."

“The Orbis team agreed to operate on Eukhtuul and I was allowed to watch, together with some
Mongolian medical students. I prayed the operation would successful. The next day I waited nervously with
Eukhtuul while Dr Duffey removed her bandages. "In six months your sight will be back to normal," he
said. Eukhtuul smiled, her mother cried, and I had to wipe away some tears, too!"

“Now Eukhtuul wants to study hard to become a doctor. Her whole future has changed, thanks to a
simple operation. We should all think more about how much our sight means to us.

1. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this text?

A. to describe a dangerous trip B. to report a patient's cure

C. to explain how sight can be lost D. to warm against playing with sticks

2. What can a reader learn about in this text?

A. the life of schoolchildren in Mongolia B. the difficulties for blind travellers

C. the international work of some eye doctors D. the best way of studying medicine

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 3. After meeting Eukhtuul, Samantha felt

A. grateful for her own sight. B. proud of the doctor’s skill.

C. surprised by Euktuul's courage. D. angry about Eukhtuul's experience.

4. What is the result of Eukhtuul's operation?

A. She can already see perfectly again.

B. After some time she will see as well as before.

C. She can see better but will never have normal eyes.

D. Before she recovers, she will need another operation.

5. Which is the postcard Samantha wrote to an English friend?

A. I’ve visited a Mongolian hospital and watched local B. You may have to fly a long way to have the
doctors do an operation. operation you need, but the journey will be worth
it.

C. I'm staying with my friend Eukhtuul, while I'm D. Make sure you take care of your eyes because
sightseeing in Mongolia. they're more valuable than you realize!

Reading 13: Match the information (1 – 7) with the schools (A - B)

1. Has all the information about prices in its prospectus

2. Has courses from £50 per week

3. Has exam classes only in the mornings

4. Has schools in more than one city

5. Has the most choice about when to study

6. Has the most different kinds of classes

7. Has weekend classes

ENGLISH COURSE PROSPECTUS

A. Charles School
Learn English in one of our three schools for the best experience at the lowest prices. Choose from
London, Oxford or Cambridge. Practise your English, make friends and see England!
General English
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 Improve your speaking, listening, reading and writing.
Intensive course
31 hours per week, Monday–Thursday 9 a.m.–5 p.m. and Friday 9 a.m.–12 p.m.
Part-time course
15 hours per week, Monday–Friday, mornings, afternoons or evenings.
 Mornings: 9 a.m.–12 p.m.
 Afternoons: 2–5 p.m.
 Evenings: 5–8 p.m.
Exam preparation
Extra focus on grammar and vocabulary, and exam practice.
19 hours per week, Monday to Thursday 9 a.m.–1 p.m., Friday 9 a.m.–12 p.m.

Prices (per week)

 Intensive: £500
 Mornings: £190
 Afternoons: £230
 Evenings: £270
 Exam preparation: £300
B. Elizabeth School of English
One-to-one classes and groups in central London. Our teachers are all qualified and experienced for a
high-quality English course.
Build your own course
Choose the modules to suit your needs. Choose the times that work for you.
General English**
 English skills: reading, writing, listening, speaking
 Writing extra
 Speaking extra
 Grammar and vocabulary
English for Life
 English for business
 English for doctors
 English for engineers
 University path
Exam preparation

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 Courses from 5 to 35 hours per week.
Prices
 General English classes: £10 per hour
 English for Life classes: £15 per hour
 Exam preparation classes: £10 per hour
 One-to-one classes: please email for prices
Hours
Monday to Friday 9 a.m.–9 p.m.
Saturday 9 a.m.–1 p.m.
** General English classes are only available with a minimum of two students.

Reading 14: Match the descriptions (1 – 6) with the Bangkok landmarks (A – E)

1. a place that you might see in the film 'The Beach' A. Sukhumvit 1–

2. a place where local Thai people go B. Khao San Read 2–

3. an alternative route through the city C. Chao Phraya 3–

4. a place to go for shopping and bars D. Wat Pho 4–

5. a place to go for food E. Yaowarat Street 5–

6. an important sightseeing spot F. Phra Kanong 6–

A TRAVEL GUIDE

Whether you're travelling to the islands or the mountains of Thailand, you're likely to spend at least
one night in its capital city on the way. Bangkok might be noisy and polluted but it's also an exciting city
with plenty of things to see and do. Why not make it a longer stay?

Where to stay

The Khao San Road was a famous traveller spot even before Leonardo di Caprio's character in the
film The Beach stayed there. But it's noisy, not very pretty and not very Thai. For something more authentic,
Phra Kanong offers an alternative place to stay, with its fantastic street markets where everyday Bangkok
people eat, work and live. It's not as convenient for the main tourist sites, but it has a Skytrain station so you
can be at the Grand Palace in 20 minutes.

How to get around

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 Bangkok's traffic can be a nightmare. Sure, you can easily take a taxi – if you want to spend hours
stuck in traffic jams – but there are two much better ways to get around the city. To explore the temples and
historical sites, catch an express boat river taxi or a longtail boat along the Chao Phraya river and the canals.
For the modern part of the city, the Skytrain is a fast, cheap way to travel from the river to the shopping
malls and nightlife of Sukhumvit, and the famous Chatuchak street market.

Where to eat

The simple answer is: everywhere! Thai street food is among the best in the world, and for around $5
you can eat a filling and delicious meal. Some food stands have little plastic seats where you can sit and eat
and they cook the same dish over and over, like fried chicken on rice or Pad Thai noodles. Head for
Chinatown – Yaowarat Street – and choose whatever looks most interesting from the many excellent
Chinese and Thai restaurants and food stands.  

What to do

After you've seen the main sites like the Giant Buddha at the temple of Wat Pho and the spectacular
Grand Palace, and shopped at Chatuchak market, check out the snake farm and watch the live snake show.
You can even touch a snake yourself if you want to!

Reading 15: Match the paragraphs (1 – 5) with the best paragraph headings (A – F). One heading is
not needed.

A. Gallery

B. Construction

C. Architecture

D. History

E. Tourism

F. References

ENCYCLOPEDIA ENTRY

The Taj Mahal is a famous mausoleum next to the river Yamuna in the Indian city of Agra. A
mausoleum is a building where people bury the dead. The name Taj Mahal means 'the crown of palaces'.

1. The most famous part of the Taj Mahal is the large white dome in the centre. It is 35 metres high
and is surrounded by four smaller domes. The rooms inside the building are decorated with beautiful
archways and precious stones in the walls. The buildings are surrounded by gardens with pathways, pools,
fountains and green gardens.

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 2. The construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632 and finished in 1653. It was built with materials
from all over India and Asia, but the main material is white marble. Historians believe that the materials
were transported by over 1,000 elephants for the construction.

3. The emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal as a burial place for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
According to legend, he wanted to build another Taj Mahal in black on the other side of the river, but this
never happened. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, many parts of the Taj Mahal were damaged by British
soldiers, who took some of the precious stones from its walls. Over the years, the Taj Mahal has suffered
from environmental damage, and there have been many government attempts to conserve its beauty.

4. The Taj Mahal is one of India's most famous landmarks. There are millions of visitors to the
mausoleum every year. The Taj Mahal is almost always included in lists of famous buildings to visit and is
considered one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

5. Encyclopedia Britannica article on the Taj Mahal: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Taj-Mahal

Official site of the Taj Mahal: https://www.tajmahal.gov.in/

UNESCO Profile of the Taj Mahal: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/252

Reading 16: Match the missing sentences (A – F) with the gaps (1–5) in the text.

A. Without the character of Mark watney, this book would only be a scientific look at survival on Mars.

B. But Mark does not die in the storm, and he has been left behind.

C. The answers are explained with lots of very convincing calculations.

D. This diary style makes the chacacter of Watney very often

E. I would recomemt this bookto all adiences.

REVIEW: THE MARTIAN

The Martian tells the story of Mark Watney, an astronaut on the Ares 3 mission to Mars. After a
terrible storm almost destroys the ship and the base, the crew of his ship believe he is dead. (1) _____. Alone
on the red planet, he has to survive until the next mission to Mars arrives.

While this novel is fiction, in some ways it feels like non-fiction. It is very scientific and packed
with details about survival on Mars. Watney is a botanist and engineer, and he begins to grow food and
produce water in his artificial camp. How does he do this?

(2) _____.

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 The author is Andy Weir, and this is his first published book. In it he has created a realistic
character. There is a lot of humour in the story, and the reader can identify with the emotions (although no
one can really imagine what it's like to be on Mars). Watney admits at the beginning that he is in deep
trouble, but he never gives up. (3) _____. Instead, what The Martian gives us is a realistic look at an
intelligent person alone on a planet and trying to survive.

The majority of the plot takes place on Mars and is written in the form of Watney's journal entries.
(4) _____. Unfortunately, the other characters in the book (his fellow crew members, the scientists at NASA
on Earth) do not get much development and so they often feel one-dimensional.

I should also mention that the book is thrilling to read. You will be on the edge of your seat until the
very end. (5) _____. It's good not only for space travel fans and scientists but for anyone who is looking for
a unique and exciting story. The Martian was so popular that it was made into a film starring Matt Damon in
2015, but I recommend reading the book first.

Reading 17: Match the two parts of the sentence.

1. People in the past thought A. Dreams aren’t messages at all. 1–

2. People’s B. Dreams show us our daily thought as symbols. 2–

3. The first modern idea said C. Dreams are messages from your subconscious. 3–

4. The opposite idea said D. Dreams might match real life sometimes. 4–

5. The most likely idea says E. Dreams were messages about the future. 5–

6. When you wake up F. Dream memories only last a few seconds. 6–

Can you remember a time when you woke up from a fantastic or strange dream? Maybe you were
afraid and turned on the light or the dream was so good you wanted to sleep longer. But do you think your
dreams are telling you something?

Can you see the future in dreams?

For hundreds of years, people thought dreams were messages from gods or spirits. Today, too, many
people can remember a time when they saw a place or person in their dream and then, later, the dream
happened in real life. Maybe that’s not surprising because we dream a lot but we probably only remember
the times when something happens in a dream and then happens for real. Most people have four to six
dreams every night after the age of ten. That’s as many as 2,000 dreams per year. So, an 80-year-old person
has probably had 140,000 dreams. Maybe we forget 95–99 per cent of our dreams, but that’s still thousands
of dreams that might ‘come true’.

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 Are dreams recycled thoughts?

Around the 18th and 19th centuries, there were two popular ideas about dreams. One said that the
things we see in our dreams are things we keep in our subconscious because we don’t want or need to think
about them when we’re awake. The opposite idea said that while we’re sleeping, the brain organises
memories and thoughts from the day. Dreams are just random thoughts from our day but we try to make a
story from them when we wake up.

Are dreams messages from our brains?

But perhaps both ideas are a little bit right. Maybe dreams are made from the thoughts we have
during the day, but we see them as symbols. For example, a dream of flying might be a symbol for an
exciting new job. When we’re awake, we think in words most of the time. But when we’re sleeping, the part
of our brain that helps us with language sleeps, and the part that makes us happy or sad or angry is awake
and busy. So, maybe our thoughts come to us in dreams as feelings and symbols instead of words. If you can
understand these symbols, you have a window into your subconscious. If you want to understand the
messages, you have to match them to what’s happening in your life.

How can you understand the messages?

One way to help you do this is to keep a dream diary. As soon as you wake up, write down
everything you remember about your dreams. Use pen and paper, not your phone or computer because the
light might wake you up and you’ll forget faster. Sometimes your eyes will be half-closed and your writing
will be difficult to read.

Now you can match your dreams to your daily life. Think about the people and place where the
dream happened, as they might mean something too. Also, how you were feeling in the dream is important.
If you were afraid instead of happy in the flying dream, maybe it means you are worried about the new job.
Are you ready to find out what your subconscious is trying to tell you?

Reading 18: Complete the text. Use one word only for each gap.

When you purchase for a new car, you should start by usingconsumer magazines. You can find them
in the (1) .…….... section of a library. You can read about the advantages anddisadvantages of each new car
and (2) ………. how muchyou should pay. When you decide (3) ................ which make and (4) ………..
you want to buy, you should go to a dealer and test-drive the car to see (5) .............. you like it.
Thesalesperson will tell you the sticker price. You should bargainwith the salesperson and make an
(6) ............. based on what youlearned from the consumer magazines. Then you should go to one or two
other dealers to see if you can get a better price. Sometimes you have to go back and forth several times
(7) ..……. dealers to bargain for the best price.

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 When you agree on a price with a salesperson, you usuallyhave to leave a small (8)…........ The
salesperson writes up acontract that you both have to sign. When the dealer (9) ........... the car, you have to
pay the balance or get a loan.

Most people make a down payment and take out a loan for the rest. You can get a loan from a bank
or sometimes from the auto company. You can (10) .......... off the loan over a period oftime, usually from
two five years.

Reading 19: Complete the text. Use one word only for each gap.

Water is our (1) ………. source. It makes up 70 percent of our bodies, and the average (2)………….
actually spends 18 months of his life in the bath.

But we are only now learning how to look (3) …….… water. Acid rain has polluted as many as
18,000 lakes and our seas and (4) ……….. are polluted with waste products. It is now very expensive to try
to prepare the (5)…………. which has been done. We have some hope for the future, though, (6) ………….
new sources of water have been discovered. People living in the Sahara (7) ………… have foundfish
swimming (8) ………. deep underground streams. Scientists also believe (9) ………….. is a huge lake
underneath London. If we have learnt anything from our mistakes, we will try to keep these new areas of
(10) ………….. clean.

Reading 20: Complete the text. Use one word only for each gap.

People usually sing (1) ………. they like music or because they feel happy. They express their
happiness (2) ………… singing. When a bird sings, however, its song usually means much more than that
the bird is happy. Birds have many (3) ………. for singing. They (4) ………. to give information. Their
songs are their language.

The most beautiful songs are sung by male (cock) birds. They sing when they want to (5) ………….
a female (hen) bird. It is their way of saying that they are looking (6) ……….. a wife.

Birds also sing to tell other birds to keep away. To a bird, (7) ………… tree or even a branch of a
tree, is his home. He does not want strangers coming (8) ………… him, so he sings to warn them.

If a bird cannot sing (9) …………, he usually has some other means of giving important information.
Some birds dance, spread out their tails or make other signs. One bird has a most unusual way of (10)
……….. a wife. It builds a small garden of shells and flowers.

Reading 21: Complete the text. Use one word only for each gap.

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 Mozard, who was born (1) …………… January 27, 1756 in the Austrian city (2) ……………..
Salzburg, was neither the first nor the last child prodigy, but he was certainly the greatest. He was born into
a moderately prosperous family where his unmatched musical genius made itself known extremely early.
Mozard began (3) ……………… to play the harpsichord at three and his earliest known work was
composed in 1761 when he (4) …………… five, the age at which he also first appeared in public.

From the age of six, when his father took him on the (5) ………… foreign tour, Mozard toured the
courts and musical centres of Australia, Germany, France, England, Holland, Switzerland, (6) ……………
Italy. It (7) …………… been calculated that Mozard spent almost a third of his short life – he died (8)
……………… the age of 35 – travelling. As Mozard matured, he continued to tour and give concerts.
Mozart also wrote a (9) …………… of operas. His first opera, Mitridate, RE di Ponto, was performed (10)
……………. Milan when he 14, and it was the first of many successes in the theatre.

Reading 22: Complete the text. Use one word only for each gap.

John Lennon was born in Liverpool in 1940. He was always (1) ………… on music and played in
pop groups at school and Art college. John got married (2) ………… Cynthia in 1962 and they had a son,
(3) ………….. name was Julian. At that (4) ………., John was a member of a group (5) ………... “The
Beatles”. Many beautiful songs (6) ……..…... written by him and wherever the group went, crowds of fans
gathered to see them. They (7) …………. scream and faint when “The Beatles” played, and lots of people
(8) …………… their hair cut in a Beatles style. Soon, everyone had heard of “The Beatles” and John was
(9) ………...… richer than he had ever (10) ..……….…

Reading 23: Complete the text. Use one word only for each gap.

New York, the largest city in the USA, is a city of great (1) ……….….. Side by side with wealth and
comfort, poverty and discrimination can be found here.

The statue of Liberty, standing on an island in the habour, (2) ………….... everyone who comes to
New York by sea. Millions of emigrants from (3) ………….… parts of the world crossed the oceans, (4)
…………….. to find a better and happier life, but they did not find a country of equal opportunities.

New York has a (5) ……………..… of over 8 million people. In New York city, there are
representatives of nearly all the world’s national groups, and when you walked in the streets and avenues (6)
………….... Manhattan you can hear practically every (7) ……………. in the world. In the city of New
York, there are more than one million negroes. They mostly live in Harlem, the (8) ………….… district of
New York.

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 Early in the morning, factory workers and builders go to work, but it is easy to find a work in New
York. A man in (9) ……….……. takes up any job he finds, (10) ………..… the most badly paid one.

Reading 24: Complete the text. Use one word only for each gap.

(1) ............... simplest sport of all is walking. The English (2) ................ fond of walking; many of
them take a walk everyday. It’s good (3) ................ your health. But boys don’t like walking so much
(4) ................. it’s slow: They’d rather take their bicycles.

Cycling is faster than (5) ................ , and on a bicycle you can (6) ............... 10 miles an hour. But
after a long walk or a long ride, (7) .................. are very tired. Many boys think that even a (8) ................ is
too slow. (9) ................ they are old enough, they ride motorcycles which have a greater speed
(10) .................... ordinary bicycles.

Reading 25: Complete the text. Use one word only for each gap.

Philip’s a student (1) ................ Liverpool. He’s in Rome, studying Italian. He’s writing to his
girlfriend, Maggie, in Liverpool. He’s been very lonely because he hasn’t seen (2) ................ for three
months. He hasn’t learned much Italian this week (3) ................ he’s been ill. He hasn’t been (4) ................
school for two days. Rome isn’t as big (5) ............... London, but he thinks it’s (6) ................. interesting.
The traffic’s worse, and he can’t find English food, but he thinks Italian coffee’s the best he’s ever
(7) ................. . All his teachers are excellent, and none of them (8) ................. English to him. He can’t
(9) ............... a longer letter because he has to go to the doctor’s, (10) ............... he’ll write next week.

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