Using resources

se a chart showing the structure of plant cell and animal cell and explain their structures to the
students.

Suggested home assignment

Draw neat and well-labeled diagrams of plant cell and animal cell in your copy.

ACTIVITIES FOR PERIOD 8

Revise all the topics covered in the previous lessons.

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Using resources
Refer to the corresponding chapter in the CD given in the book.

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ACTIVITIES FOR PERIOD 9
Discuss the exercises given at the end of the chapter.

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ACTIVITIES FOR PERIOD 10

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Assessment of understanding of the chapter could be done with the help of the given worksheet
for the chapter.
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TEXTBOOK ANSWERS
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A. Very Short Answer Type Questions

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1. Stomata
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2. Photosynthesis
3. The process by which green plants can make their own food from simple substances
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like carbon dioxide and water by using sunlight ( in the presence of chlorophyll) is called
photosynthesis.
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4. ( a) False ( b) True ( c) True ( d) False ( e) False

5 . Pea plant
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6 . Algae
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7 . It contains green colored pigment called chlorophyll.

8 . ( a) Carbon dioxide ( b) Oxygen
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9 . ( a) Autotrophs ( b) Heterotrophs
10 . Symbiotic relationship
11. Symbiotic relationship
12. Leaves
13. Because they contain green colored pigment called chlorophyll.
14. Chlorophyll

SCIENCE 7 TEXT BOOK

 15 . Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium
16 . R h iz o biu m
17 . Leguminous plants
18 . Peas, beans
19 . Algae and mushroom
20 . Cuscuta
21. Pitcher plant
22. Cactus plant; stem

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23. Starch, Oils ( or Fats) , Proteins and V itamins
24. Parasites and saprophytes

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25 . (a) mushroom yeast (b) solution (c) air (d) alga (e) fungus (f) starch (g) chlorophyll
( h) carbon dioxide; oxygen ( i) oxygen ( j ) glucose ( k) proteins ( l) cells

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B. Short Answer Type Questions

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26 . ( i) d ( ii) a ( iii) e ( iv) b ( v) c

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27 . The presence of starch in leaves can be tested as follows :
( i) Pluck a green leaf from a plant.
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( ii) Boil the leaf in alcohol to o remove the green pigment chlorophyll from it.
( iii) Wash the decolourised leaff with water to remove any chlorophyll sticking to it.
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( iv) Pour dilute iodine solution from om a dropper over the decolourised leaf.
( v) Appearance of blue-black colour in lea leaff shows the presence of starch in it.
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28 . Chlorophyll is a green pigment present in the leaves of plants which helps them to trap
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sunlight for the formation of food.

29 . Sunlight and chlorophyll
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30 . ( a) Grass ( b) Mushroom ( c) Lichen ( d) Pitcher plant ( e) Cuscuta

31. The organisms need to take food ( i) to obtain energy ( ii) to obtain materials for growth,
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and ( iii) to obtain materials for the repair of damaged parts of the body. The two modes
of nutrition in organisms are autotrophic mode and heterotrophic mode.
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32. Those organisms which can make food themselves from simple substances ( like carbon
dioxide and water) by the process of photosynthesis are called autotrophs. All the green
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plants are autotrophs.

33. Those organisms which cannot make food themselves by the process of photosynthesis and
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take food from green plants or animals are called heterotrophs. All the non-green plants
and animals ( including human beings) are heterotrophs.
34. All the animals ( including human beings) are categorised as heterotrophs because they
cannot make their own food, they depend on plants or other animals for obtaining their
food.
35 . Those green plants which obtain their food partly from insects are called insectivorous
plants. Example: Pitcher plant.
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SCIENCE 7 TEXT BOOK

 36 . Fertilisers and manures contain plant nutrients (or minerals) such as nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium, etc. So, when fertilisers and manures are added to the soil in the fields,
then the soil gets enriched with nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, etc. The
crop plants can then grow well in this soil. Thus, plant nutrients are added in the cultivated
fields in the form of fertilisers and manures so as to get good crops.
37 . A plant ( or animal) which lives on or inside another organism ( called host) and derives the
food from it, is called a parasite. An example of parasite plant is Cuscuta.
38 . Those non-green plants which obtain their food (or nutrition) from dead and decaying
organic matter are called saprophytes. The fungi such as mushrooms, bread mould and

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yeast are saprophytes.

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39 . The plants cannot absorb nitrogen gas for their needs ( like making proteins) . Now, the
soil has certain bacteria which convert nitrogen gas of air into nitrogen compounds ( like

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nitrates) and release them into soil. Nitrates are the water soluble nitrogen compounds
which are absorbed by the plants from the soil along with water. In this way, the plants

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fulfil their requirement of nitrogen. The plants also obtain nitrogen from the nitrogenous
fertilisers which the farmers add to the soil in the fields from time to time.

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40 . (a) Nucleus ( b) Cytoplasm ( c) Cell membrane ( d) Cell wall, vacuoles

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C. Long Answer Type Questions om
41. The process by which green plants make their own food ( like glucose) from carbon dioxide
and water by using sunlight energy ( in the presence of chlorophyll) is called photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll is present in the green leaves. So, the process of photosynthesis takes place in
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the leaves of a plant. Oxygen gas is produced during photosynthesis. This oxygen goes into
the air. The oxygen gas released in photosynthesis is utilised by all the living organisms for
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their survival. The process of photosynthesis first produces a simple carbohydrate called
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‘ glucose’ as food. The glucose carbohydrate then gets converted into a complex carbohydrate
called ‘ starch’. This starch gets stored as food in the various parts of plant including leaves.
Chlorophyll is a green substance which is present in the leaves of plants. Chlorophyll absorbs
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light energy from the sun and supplies this energy to the leaves to enable them to carry
out photosynthesis for making food.
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42. (a) The plants take take carbon dioxide gas needed for photosynthesis from the air. The plants
take carbon dioxide gas from air through the tiny pores called stomata ( singular:
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stoma) present on the surface of leaves. Actually, there are a large number of tiny
pores called stomata on the the surface of leaves of plants. Each pore ( or stoma) is
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surrounded by a pair of guard cells. The opening and closing of stomatal pores in the
leaves is controlled by the guard cells. The carbon dioxide gas present in air enters
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the leaves of a plant through the stomatal pores present on their surface and utilised
in photosynthesis. The oxygen gas produced in the leaves during photosynthesis goes
out into air through the same stomatal pores.The stomatal pores of leaves open only
when carbon dioxide is to be taken in or oxygen is to be released otherwise they
remain closed.
( b) The plants take water needed for photosynthesis from the soil. Soil always contains
some water in it. Water present in the soil is absorbed by the roots of a plant and then

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SCIENCE 7 TEXT BOOK

 transported to the leaves through the vessels which run like inter-connected pipes
throughout the roots, stem, branches and leaves. The tiny, pipe-like vessels which
transport water from the roots of a plant to its leaves are called xylem. The plants
also need minerals to make foods other than carbohydrates. For example, plants need
nitrogen mineral to make proteins. The minerals are present in the soil ( and have to
be transported to the leaves) . The minerals dissolve in water present in the soil and
get transported with it.
43. The plant nutrients ( or minerals) are replenished ( or put back) in the soil in the following
two ways 1. utrients are Replenished in the Soil by Adding Fertilisers and Manures-

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Fertilisers and manures contain plant nutrients (or minerals) such as nitrogen, phosphorus

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and potassium, etc. So, when fertilisers and manures are added to the soil in the fields, then
the soil gets enriched with nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, etc. The crop

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plants can then grow well in this soil. Thus, plant nutrients are added in the cultivated fields
in the form of fertilisers and manures so as to get good crops. 2. itrogen can be replenished

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in the Soil by Growing Leguminous Crops-Though a lot of nitrogen gas is present in the air
but the plants cannot use nitrogen in gaseous form. The plants need nitrogen in the form

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of water soluble compounds ( such as nitrates) . The plants such as gram ( chana) , peas,
pulses ( moong, etc.) and beans are called leguminous plants ( or legumes) . The leguminous

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plants have root nodules in them which contain Rhizobium bacteria. Rhizobium bacteria
can convert nitrogen gas of air into nitrogen compounds ( like nitrates) .
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44. (a) The leaves having colours other than green also have chlorophyll in them. Actually,
the large amount of red, violet, brown or other pigments in such leaves masks the
green colour of chlorophyll. So, photosynthesis also takes place in leaves having colour
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other than green.

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( b) Photosynthesisthesis is important for the existence of life on this earth. In the absence of
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photosynthesis, life would be impossible on this earth. This is due to the following
reasons: ( i) Photosynthesis by plants provide food to animals ( including human beings) .
So, the survival of animals ( including human beings) depends on the food made by
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plants by photosynthesis. In the absence of photosynthesis, there would be no plants

on this earth and hence no animals will survive. ( ii) The process of photosynthesis by
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plants puts oxygen gas into the air. It is this oxygen gas which the animals ( including
human beings) use for breathing and respiration. In the absence of photosynthesis,
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there would be no oxygen in air and hence no animals could exist on this earth.
45. (a) There are two modes of nutrition in plants: autotrophic mode and heterotrophic
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mode of nutrition. Those organisms which can make food themselves from simple
substances ( like carbon dioxide and water) by the process of photosynthesis are called
autotrophs. All the green plants are autotrophs. Those organisms which cannot make
(C

food themselves by the process of photosynthesis and take food from green plants
or animals are called heterotrophs. All the non-green plants and animals ( including
human beings) are heterotrophs.
( b) The living together of two different species of plants as if they are parts of the same
plant and help each other in obtaining food is called symbiosis ( and such plants are

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SCIENCE 7 TEXT BOOK

 known as symbiotic plants) . In lichens, the green coloured plant called ‘ alga’ ( autotroph)
and non-green plant ‘ fungus’ ( saprophyte) live together. The fungus holds the alga cells
in its mat of web-like hyphae ( thin filaments) . The fungus plant absorbs the water and
mineral salts from the surroundings and supplies them to alga. The alga plant being
green, prepares the food by photosynthesis and shares it with fungus. Thus, both alga
and fungus gain mutually from one another by living together. This is an example of
symbiosis. The plants which exhibit symbiosis are called symbiotic plants.

D. Multiple Choice Questions

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46 . ( b) 47 . ( d) 48 . ( b) 49 . ( c) 5 0 . ( c)

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5 1. ( d) 5 2. ( c) 5 3. ( c) 5 4. ( d) 5 5 . ( c)
5 6 . ( b) 5 7 . ( b) 5 8 . ( d) 5 9 . ( b) 6 0 . ( b)

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6 1. ( c) 6 2. ( c) 6 3. ( c) 6 4. ( a) 6 5 . ( b)

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6 6 . ( c) 6 7 . ( d) 6 8 . ( d) 6 9 . ( c) 7 0 . ( c)

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E. Questions Based on Higher Order Thinking Skills
71. ( a) xide ( ii) Water ( b) ( i) Glucose ( ii) Starch ( c) Photosynthesis ( d) Food E
( i) Carbon dioxide

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( e) Chlorophyll 72. ( a) Cactus plant ( b) Stem and Branches ( c) The photosynthesis in this
desert plant is carried out by its green stem and branches whereas the photosynthesis
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in ordinary garden plants is carried out by their green leaves ( d) Green
7 3. A : Leaves ; B : Stomata ; C : Guard cells ; D : Carbon dioxide ; E : Photosynthesis ; F : Oxygen
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7 4. (a) Pitcher plant (b) Insect (c) Proteins (d) Amino acids (e) Insectivorous plants
7 5 . (a) (i) Alga (ii) Fungus (iii) ichen (b) is green in colour (c) Symbiotic relationship (d)
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Rhizobium bacteria and Leguminous plants.

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(C

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SCIENCE 7 TEXT BOOK