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Chapter Statement &
Conclusions
Statement and Conclusions
In this type of questions, a statement is given followed by two
conclusions. We have to find out which of these conclusions
definitely follows from the given statement.
What is a ‘conclusion’?
‘Conclusion’ means a fact that can be truly inferred from the
contents of a given sentence.
DIRECTIONS (ILLUSTRATION 1-3) : In each of the following
questions, a statement is given followed by two conclusions
I and II. Give answer :
(1) if only conclusion I follows;
(2) if only conclusion II follows;
(3) if either I or II follows;
(4) if neither I nor II follows;
ILLUSTRATION 1 :
Statement : The oceans are a storehouse of practically
every mineral including uranium. But like
most other minerals, it is found in extremely
low concentration – about three gms per
1000 tonnes of water.
Conclusions : I. The oceans are a cheap source of
uranium.
II. The oceans harbour radiation hazards.
Sol. (4) I can not be concluded as most of the minerals are
available in similar concentration levels in oceans. II is out
of context of the sentence.
ILLUSTRATION 2 :
Statement : Today, out of the world population of
several thousand million, the majority of
men have to live under government which
refuse them personal liberty and the right
to dissent.
Conclusions : I. People are indifferent to personal liberty
and the right to dissent.
II. People desire personal liberty and the
right to dissent.
Sol. (2) It is mentioned in the statement that most people are
forced to live under Governments which refuse them
personal liberty and right to dissent. This means that they
are not indifferent to these rights but have a desire for them.
So, only II follows.
ILLUSTRATION 3 :
Statement : It has been decided by the Government to
withdraw 33% of the subsidy on cooking
gas from the beginning of next month—A
spokesman of the Government.
Mental Ability Test (MAT)
Conclusions : I. People no more desire or need such
subsidy from government as they can
afford increased price of the cooking
gas.
II. The price of the cooking gas will
increase at least by 33% from the next
month.
Sol . (4) I. does not follow because a govt’s policy is not
determined merely by people’s needs.
II. does not follow. Let the present price be x
x
\ Price if subsidy is removed = = 1.49x
0.67
Hence increase in price will be around 49%
DIRECTIONS (ILLUSTRATION 4 & 5) : In each of the
following questions, a statement is given followed by two
conclusions I and II. Give answer :
(1) if only conclusion I follows;
(2) if only conclusion II follows;
(3) if either I or II follows;
(4) if both I and II follow.
ILLUSTRATION 4 :
Statement : Interest rate will be fixed on the basis of
our bank’s rate prevailing on the date of
deposit and refixed every quarter thereafter.
Conclusions : I. It is left to the depositors to guard their
interest.
II. The bank’s interest rates are subject to
change on a day-to-day basis
depending on market position.
Sol. (2) I does not follow because the statement is silent about
the depositors. II follows from the phrase “bank’s rate
prevailing on the date of deposit” which means the rates
are subject to day-to-day changes.
ILLUSTRATION 5 :
Statement : The government of country X has recently
announced several concessions and
offered attractive package tours for foreign
visitors.
Conclusions : I. Now, more number of foreign tourists
will visit the country.
II. The government of country X seems
to be serious in attracting tourists.
Sol. (4) Clearly, the government has taken the step to attract
more tourists. So, both I and II follow.
Statements and Conclusions
ILLUSTRATION 6 :
In this question, a statement is given, followed by two
Conclusions. Mark your answer as
(1) if only conclusion I follows;
(2) if only conclusion II follows;
(3) if either conclusion I or II follows; and
(4) if neither conclusion I nor II follows.
Statement : Until our country achieves economic equality,
political freedom and democracy would be meaningless.
Conclusions :
I. Political freedom and democracy go hand in hand.
II. Economic equality leads to real political freedom and
democracy.
Exercise
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 1 - 4) : In each of the following questions,
a statement is given followed by two conclusions I and II.
Give answer :
(1) if only conclusion I follows;
(2) if only conclusion II follows;
(3) if either I or II follows;
(4) if neither I nor II follows;
1. Statement : ‘We follow some of the best and effective
teaching learning practices used by leading
institutes all over the world’. — A statement
of professor of MN Institute.
Conclusions : I. The MN Institute is one of the leading
institutes of the world.
II. Whatever is being followed by world’s
leading institutes will definitely be
good and useful.
2. Statement : We do not need today in India extraordinary
specialists but those trained ordinary doctors
who are dedicated to their profession.
Conclusions : I. We should promote medical profession
with dedicated ordinary doctors rather
than promoting high specialised
medical education.
II. Extraordinary specialists are not
dedicated to their profession.
3. Statement : Vegetable prices are soaring in the market.
Conclusions : I. Vegetables are becoming a rare
commodity.
II. People cannot eat vegetables.
4. Statement : Being from a business family, Chandan was
apparently convinced by his parents and
other family members to join the family
trade.
Conclusions : I. People should take up their family
profession so that family prospers.
II. It is necessary to keep in family
members happy by choosing family’s
business.
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Sol. (2) The given statement tells about the priority of
achieving economic equality. Hence conclusion II follows
where it says that the economic equality leads to political
freedom and democracy. Conclusion I does not follow
because it does not show the comparision among economic
equality, political freedom and democracy.
–––––––––––––––––– Quick Tip ––––––––––––––––––––
In most cases, any conclusion which is talking about something
new, something completely out of context or something that is
not mentioned any where any the statement cannot be a possible
conclusion.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 5 - 11) : In each of the following questions,
a statement is given followed by two conclusions I and II.
Give answer :
(1) if only conclusion I follows;
(2) if only conclusion II follows;
(3) if either I or II follows;
(4) if both I and II follow.
5. Statement : Death keeps no calendar.
Conclusions : I. Man must die one day.
II. Death can come at any time.
6. Statement : All the organised persons find time for rest.
Sunita, inspite of her very busy schedule,
finds time for rest.
Conclusions : I. Sunita is an organised person.
II. Sunita is an industrious person.
7. Statement : Quality has a price tag. India is allocating
lots of funds to education.
Conclusions : I. Quality of education in India would
improve soon.
II. Funding alone can enhance quality of
education.
8. Statement : Modern man influences his destiny by the
choice he makes unlike in the past.
Conclusions : I. Earlier there were less options available
to man.
II. There was no desire in the past to
influence the destiny.
9. Statement : It is almost impossible to survive and
prosper in this world without sacrificing
ethics and morality.
Conclusions : I. World appreciates some concepts but
may not uphold it.
II. Concept of ethics and morality are not
practicable in life.

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10. Statement : Research has proved that people eating
high fat diets coupled with decreased level
of exercises are prone to heart diseases.
Conclusions : I. People should reduce their high-fat diet
as a preventive method.
II. People must have sufficient level of
exercise to reduce their chances of
having heart disease.
11. Statement : From the next academic year, students will
have the option of dropping Mathematics
and Science for their school leaving
certificate examination.
Conclusions : I. Students who are weak in Science and
Mathematics will be admitted.
II. Earlier students did not have the choice
of continuing their education without
taking these subjects.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 12 - 15) : In the question below two
statements are given followed by two conclusions I & II. Take
the statement to be true and then decide which of the
conclusions logically follows. Mark your answer as
(1) if the conclusion I follows,
(2) if the conclusion II follows,
(3) if either conclusion I or II is implicit,
(4) if neither conclusion I nor II follows.
12. Statements : Of the ten fishermen caught in a storm, nine
managed to return to the shore.
Praveen has not yet returned after four
days.
Conclusions : I. Praveen got killed in the storm.
II. Praveen has survived the storm.
13. Statements : Now you don’t need an import licence to
own a VCR.
Conclusions : I. VCRs are now manufactured
indigenously.
II. VCRs are now freely permitted to be
imported.
14. Statements : Just about everyone in Germany has been
on a diet at one time or the other and
millions of them have learned that the
weight they lose is all too easily regained.
Exercise
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 1-3) : In each of these questions, a
statement is given followed by two conclusions.
(1) if only conclusion I follows,
(2) if only conclusion II follows,
(3) if either conclusion I or II follows, and
(4) if neither conclusion I nor II follows.
1. Statement : Parents are prepared to pay any price for
an elite education to their children.
Conclusions : I. All parents these days are very well off.
II. Parents have an obsessive passion for
a perfect development of their children
through good schooling.
EBD_7042
Mental Ability Test (MAT)
Still’ despite their frustration, few question
the wisdom of dieting.
Conclusions : I. Germany should stop dieting.
II. Germans do not learn from experience.
15. Statements : The average number of students per
teacher is 50 in the urban area whereas it is
60 in rural areas. The national average is
55.
Conclusions : I. The student-teacher ratio in the rural
areas is higher than in the urban areas.
II. More students study with the same
teacher in the rural areas as compared
to those in the urban areas.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 16-19) : In each of these questions, a
statement is given, followed by two Conclusions. Mark your
answer as
(1) if only conclusion I follows;
(2) if only conclusion II follows;
(3) if either conclusion I or II follows; and
(4) if neither conclusion I nor II follows.
16. Statement : Morning walks are good for health.
Conclusions : I. All healthy people go for morning
walks.
II. Evening walks are harmful.
17. Statement : The best way to escape from a problem is
to solve it.
Conclusions : I. Your life will be dull if you don’t face a
problem.
II. To escape from problems, you should
always have some solutions with you.
18. Statement : Vegetable prices are soaring in the market.
Conclusions : I. Vegetables are becoming a rare
commodity.
II. People cannot eat vegetables.
19. Statement : Until our country achieves economic
equality, political freedom and democracy
would be meaningless.
Conclusions : I. Political freedom and democracy go
hand in hand.
II. Economic equality leads to real political
freedom and democracy.
2. Statement : Good voice is a natural gift but one has to
keep practising to improve and excel well
in the field of music.
Conclusions : I. Natural gifts need nurturing and care.
II. Even though your voice is not good,
one can keep practising.
3. Statement : Parents are prepared to pay any price for
an elite education to their children.
Conclusions : I. All parents these days are very well
off.
II. Parents have an obsessive passion for
a perfect development of their children
through good schooling.
Statements and Conclusions A-231
10. Statements : All the employees of company A have
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 4-7) : In each of these questions, certain
identity cards. Ram is an employee of
statements are given followed by two conclusions numbered
company A.
I and II. Consider the statement(s) to be true even if they
Conclusions : I. Ram has an identity card.
seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Decide
which one of the conclusions logically follows from the II. Ram is the General Manager of the
statements. Company.
Mark answer as (1) 2 (2) 1 (3) 4 (4) 3
(1) If only conclusion I follows DIRECTIONS (Qs. 11 & 12) : In each of the following
(2) If either conclusion I or II follows questions, a statement is given followed by two conclusions
(3) If only conclusions II follows I and II. Give answer :
(4) If neither conclusion I nor II follows. (1) if only conclusion I follows;
(2) if only conclusion II follows;
4. Statement : Industrial cities are highly polluted.
Pollution means more diseases. (3) if either I or II follows;
Conclusions : I. People who live in industrial cities (4) if neither I nor II follows;
become immune to diseases. 11. Statement : The Electricity Board of state X has given
II. People living in cities which are not ultimatum to the farmers to either regularise
industrial are healthier than those who their electric connection by the end of June
live in industrial cities. 2000 or face the legal procedure.
5. Statement : My brother sings very well. My sister is a
Conclusions : I. The Electricity Board of state X has
basket-ball player. I am very intelligent.
failed to provide regular connection to
Conclusions : I. We all are very talented.
the farmers.
II. We all are sportsmen.
6. Statements : India’s economy depends mainly on II. As the farmers of state X have small
forests. farms they don’t need electricity for
Conclusions : I. Tree should be preserved to improve agriculture.
Indian Economy. 12. Statement : This book, ‘Z’ is the only book which
II. India wants only maintenance of forest focuses its attention on the problem of
to improve economic conditions.
poverty in India between 1950 and 1980.
7. Statement : The best way to escape from a problem is
Conclusions : I. There was no question of poverty
to solve it.
before 1950.
Conclusions : I. Your life will be dull if you don’t face
problem. II. No other books deals with poverty in
II. To escape from problem, you should India during 1950 to 1980.
always have some solutions with you. DIRECTIONS (Qs. 13) : In each of the following questions, a
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 8 - 10) : In the questions below, two statement is given followed by two conclusions I and II. Give
statements are given followed by two conclusions I and II. answer :
You have to consider both the statmeents to be true even if (1) if only conclusion I follows;
they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. (2) if only conclusion II follows;
You have to decide which of the given conclusions is/are (3) if either I or II follows;
definitely drawn from the given statements. Give answer.
(4) if both I and II follow.
(1) if only I follows
(2) if only II follows 13. Statement : A large majority of the work force in India
(3) if neither I nor II follows is unorganised. Most of them earn either
(4) if both I and II follows. the minimum or uncertain wages while
others are engaged in sundry jobs.
8. Statements : When it rains, usually X does not go out.
Conclusions : I. The workers in the organised sector get
X has gone out.
better facilities and stay longer in their
Conclusions : I. It is not raining.
jobs.
II. X has some urgent business to transact.
II. Some workers in the unorganised sector
(1) 2 (2) 1 (3) 3 (4) 4
of the work force have regular and fixed
9. Statements : In a Golf Club, all the members are not
income.
active players of the game but all of them
are rich.
Mrs. X is a member.
Conclusions : I. She is a golfer.
II. She is rich.
(1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 4

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&
Exercise 1
1. (4) II may be an assumption which the professor is assuming
before passing his statement but it definitely cannot be a
conclusion. Hence II does not follow. I may or may not be possible.
Hence I does not follow.
2. (1) Only conclusion I follows. The statement talks about
dedicated ordinary doctros but that in no way infers that extra
ordinary specialists are not dedicated to their profession. So
conclusion II follows. I is true in the context of the scenario
prevailing in the country.
3. (4) The availability of vegetables is not mentioned in the given
statement. So, I does not follow. Also, II is not directly related to
the statement and so it also does not follow. Probably the demand
is surpassing the supply.
4. (4) I and II are assumptions and not conclusions.
5. (4) Both I and II directly follow from the statement.
6. (4) Sunita has a very busy schedule. This means that she is
industrious. But still she finds time for rest. This means that she
is an organised person. So, both I and II follow.
7. (1) According to the statement, funding is necessary to improve
quality and India is allocating funds to education. This means that
quality of education will improve in India. So, I follows. But
funding alone is sufficient to enhance quality, is not true and
doesn’t have a mention in the statement. So, II does not follow.
8. (1) Either there were less options available or there was no
desire to influence the destiny in the man of the past that’s why
he couldn’t influence his destiny by the choice he made.
9. (2) Clearly I is vague and so does not follow. However, II directly
follows from the given statement.
10. (4) Both follow because they together take care of the two
problems leading to heart diseases.
11. (4) Since the new system gives the students the option of
dropping Science and Mathematics, so students weak in these
subjects can also be admitted. So, I follows. Also, it is mentioned
that the new system will come into effect from the next academic
year. This means that it did not exist previously. So, II also follows.
12. (3) As Praveen has not yet returned, he might have got killed
or might have survived. Hence (3) is the correct option.
13. (2) Nothing has been said in the statements which imply that
VCRs and being now manufactured indigenously. Therefore, I
is invalid. Since import licence on VCR’s has been withdrawn,
they can be now freely imported.
14. (4) Nothing of the sort can be concluded as given in two
conclusions on the basis of the statements.
15. (2) Unless absolute figures are given, no conclusin of the type
I can be made. Since average no. of students per teacher (60)
in rural areas is higher than the average no. of students per teacher
(50) in urban areas, we can conclude that more students study
with the same teacher in the rural areas as compared to those
in the urban areas.
16. (4) This statement does not mention anything about healthy
people. Neither does it mention about evening walks. Hence none
of the conclusions follows.
EBD_7042
Mental Ability Test (MAT)
17. (2) The given statement does not tell anything about life. It only
tells about problems and the way to escape from them. Hence
conclusion II follows.
18. (4) From the fact vegetables prices are rising high, we cannot
infer that they are a rare commodity or that the people cannot eat
vegetables.
19. (2) The given statement tells about the priority of achieving
economic equality. Hence conclusion II follows where it says that
the economic equality leads to political freedom and democracy.
Conclusion I does not follow because it does not show the
comparision among economic equality, political freedom and
democracy.
Exercise 2
1. (2) The statement tells about the willingness of parents to give
the best education to their children. Hence conclusion II follows.
2. (1) Only I concludes. The statement clearly talks about people
with good voice and their exceling in music.
3. (4) Statement is followed neither by conclusion I nor by
conclusion II. Statement does not talk about perfect development
of their children.
4. (4) Both conclusions I and II does not correlated with statements.
So, neither conclusion I nor II follows.
5. (4) I does not follow because it is not given that how is good my
sister in basketball. II does not follow because all are not sportsmen.
6. (1) I follows because tree is a part of forest and India’s economy
depends mainly on forest. II is not correlated with statement. So
it does not follow.
7. (4) Both conclusions I and II does not follow because problem
solving is the best way not only way.
8. (3) The term ‘usually’ indicates that some possibility might
be possible that X goes out during rain.
Nothing has been said about the urgency of the work. Thus
neither I nor II follow.
9. (3) All the members of the Golf Club are necessarily rich. Since
Mrs. X is a member of the Golf Club, she is rich.
10. (2) Since all employees of the company. A have identity cards
and Ram is an employee of the company, he must have an
identity card.
11. (4) If I were true, the Board would not warn farmers to regularise
their electric connection. Hence I does not follow. Nothing can be
concluded about the size of the farms and their need to electricity
for agriculture. Hence II does not follow.
12. (4) The statement doesn’t mean that there was no poverty before
1950. So I do not follow. Z focusses its attention on the said
problem, that doesn’t mean that no other book deals with the
issue.
13. (2) The workers in the organised sector are not being talked
about in the statement. So, I does not follow. It is mentioned that
some workers in the unorganised sector are engaged in sundry
jobs. This means that they have fixed income. So, II follows.