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MODULE 2: INFORMATION RESOURCES IN PHARMACY INFORMATICS

I. KEY POINTS
• A pharmacist should become familiar with the systematic approach to answering drug information before
answering patient-specific questions. First, the pharmacist must secure demographics of the requestor,
such as name, telephone or contact number, institution or practice site (if a healthcare professional), and
title, profession or occupation, and rank. Likewise, the pharmacist must obtain background information
with regards to the resources the requestor has already consulted, whether the request is patient specific
or academic, the patient’s diagnosis, other medications and pertinent medical information, and the
urgency of the request.
• Tertiary references provide an overview of a topic, without the details found in primary literature (e.g.
clinical studies).
• It is appropriate to consult tertiary resources first when answering a drug information question or finding
needed medicine – or health-related information to provide an overview of a topic or to provide
references that can be accessed for more detailed information.
• Consult appropriate tertiary resources based upon the question being asked or type of information
needed – do not rely upon general tertiary information resources to find specific, focused types of
information.
• If possible, do not rely on information found in only one tertiary resource. Always strive to verify the
information found in one source with other available resources to ensure information completeness and
accuracy.
Secondary resources are used by clinicians to locate clinical studies or other original research (referred to as
primary literature) that are published in medical or health-related journals. These are generally categorized as
abstracting or indexing services. Indexing services provide a bibliographic citation (authors, title, journal name,
volume, pages, year) for each journal article included. Citations allow clinicians to retrieve articles but do not
provide any additional content information. Abstracting services, in addition to citations, provided a brief
description (abstract) of the content of each article. An abstract allows clinicians to determine if the specific article
meets their needs before accessing the complete resource.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 II. TERTIARY RESOURCES. Below is a list of commonly used tertiary references. Obtain a copy of the
cover page and indicate the contents of the tertiary resources of information used in Pharmacy
Education and Practice.

Tertiary References Main Features

A. General Drug Information Resources

Drug Facts and Comparisons (Wolters

Kluwer Health)
Facts and Comparisons is a drug referential
resource geared toward retail pharmacists,
delivering evidence-based content and drug
comparative tools and tables in an easy-to-use
interface.

Drug Information Handbook

(Lexicomp)
The Adult Drug Information Handbook, the
flagship publication from Lexicomp, is trusted
by a wide variety of healthcare professionals to
deliver timely, clinically relevant
pharmacotherapy knowledge. It is now focused
exclusively on dosing for adult patients.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 Martindale: The Complete Drug
Reference (Pharmaceutical Press)
The Complete Drug Reference 40th Edition.
Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference
provides reliable, unbiased and evaluated
information on drugs and medicines used
throughout the world.

Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR)

(PDR Network) The Physicians'• Desk Reference (PDR) is a
i

popular source of pharmacological information

among American doctors and patients, but it has
am
a number of flaws, as we'll see. Pharmaceutical
companies provide and pay for the PDR, which is
a collection of written and graphic information.

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 United States Pharmacopeia/ National
Formulary The United States Pharmacopeia – National
Formulary (USP-NF) includes over 5000 quality
standards for medicines, both chemical and
biologic; active pharmaceutical ingredients
(APIs); and excipients (inactive ingredients).
It is the most comprehensive source for
medicine quality standards in the world.

Philippine National Drug Formulary:

Essential Drug List
The PNF includes pharmaceuticals that meet
•
the population's top health-care needs and are
chosen based on evidence of efficacy, safety,
and comparative cost-effectiveness.

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 MIMS

MIMS provides concise expert summaries of

prescribing information for prescription
products alongside a range of other quick-
reference prescribing tools including comparison
tables, guideline summaries, visual guides and a
constantly updated list of drug shortages.

B. Information-Specific Resources
B.1. Adverse Reactions
Litt’s Drug Eruptions and Reactions
Manual (Informa Healthcare) & Reaction Manual is a
Litt's Drug Eruption Masaka
•

•
concise clinical reference based on Litt's Drug
& Reaction Database, which now has
Eruption •&
over 1800 drug profiles with over 70,000
reported drug responses, as proven by over
150,500 PubMed references. This 28th edition
has been completely updated with the critical
information for an informed clinical decision, and
is widely used by medical practitioners for its
unsurpassed focus on side effects and
cutaneous reactions.

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 Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs
(Elsevier)
The Sixteenth Edition, Seven Volume Set of
☆
Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs: The
International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug
Reactions and Interactions builds on the
success of the previous 15 editions, providing an
extensively reorganized and expanded resource
that now contains more than 1,500 individual
drug articles with the most comprehensive
coverage of adverse reactions and interactions
available anywhere.
B.2. Compatibility and Stability of Parenteral Products
Handbook on Injectable Drugs (AHSP)
The Handbook on Injectable Drugs is designed
for use as a professional reference and guide to
the literature on the clinical pharmaceutics of
parenteral medications.

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 King Guide to Parenteral Admixtures
(King Guide Publications)
The intravenous drug database King Guide is a
database of intravenous drug information. It
provides an overview of compatibility in 12 fluids
for over 500 injectable medicines. It comprises
information on the route, dosage, temperature,
containers used to test stability and
compatibility, as well as Y-site and syringe
information.
B.3. Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction Facts (Wolters Kluwer
Health)
Reviewed by a panel of physicians,
pharmacologists, and clinical pharmacists, it
includes over 2,220 monographs with interaction
information for over 20,000 brand name and
generic drugs. Review potential interactions by
A names; onset, severity,
class or generic/trade
and clinically significant interaction data are
provided along with effects, mechanisms, and
management options. This handbook also
introduces over 200 new and revised monographs
in the 2014 edition.

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 Drug Interactions Analysis and
Management (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Drug Interactions Analysis and Management
emphasizes management options for improved
patient outcomes and includes recommendations
for alternative medications, as appropriate. Based
on clinical as well as case-study findings, each
monograph includes a clinical evaluation section
with references.

Evaluations of Drug Interactions (First

Databank)
Provides quick access to the most frequently
used drug interaction information used by
health practitioners. A condensed version of
•
First DataBank's Evaluations of Drug
Interactions, this book on EDI a portable guide
containing more than 1,000 drug interaction
monographs organized by drug class, including
interactions between drugs and nutritional
supplements. For the fourth edition, 94 of the
monographs are new or have been revised. The
appendix includes complete lists of the agents
in a specified drug class and a list of
monographs with Code 1 interactions, and the
index provides a comprehensive cross reference
to the most clinically significant drug
interactions by generic name.

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 Stockley’s Drug Interactions
(Pharmaceutical Press)
B.4. Compounding/ Formulations
A Practical Guide to Contemporary
Pharmacy Practice (Lippincott
Williams and Wilkins)
PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics
☆
Pharmaceutical Press - Stockley's Drug
9
Interactions. The Stockley's series is the
most authoritative international source of
drug interaction information. Available online
☆
and in print books, Stockley's covers
interactions between drugs, proprietary
medicines, herbal medicines, foods, drinks and
pesticides.
A Practical Guide to Contemporary Pharmacy
Practice and Compounding is your hands-on,
step-by-step guide to receiving and filling
prescription drug orders as well as a
comprehensive look at the preparation of sterile
and non-sterile extemporaneously compounded
preparations.
Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina
 Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage a)
Forms and Drug Delivery Systems The eighth edition of Ansel's Pharmaceutical
Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems has
a significant change to its title. The text
now bears the name of its original author,
Howard Ansel. In the academia field of
pharmaceutics, the text has always been
*
known as just Ansel's. The text now entitled
*
Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug
Delivery Systems is a fitting tribute to the
author who pioneered this educational work
over 30 years ago. Another change is that the
first author is now Dr. Loyd Allen who, in
conjunction with Dr. Ansel and Dr. Popovich,
has rewritten several sections of the eighth
edition while expanding the text with the
introduction of case studies related to
manufacturing pharmaceutics topics and
concepts as well as clinical patient care.

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 Handbook of Pharmaceutical
Excipients
The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients is
widely acknowledged as the most authoritative
source of information on pharmaceutical
*
excipients in the world. When you're looking
A
for an excipient to use, it's like having a one-
stop shop.

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 B.5. Herbal, Natural, or Alternative Medicines
Natural Medicines Comprehensive
Database (Research Faculty)
The Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database
is an excellent reference resource that meets
the need for educating health care
professionals who want to become
knowledgeable advisers about natural medicines
to their patients. The main part of the
publication is arranged alphabetically by names
of products.

The Review of Natural Products

(Wolters Kluwer Health)
The Review of Natural Products is the
foremost source of current natural product
information for health care professionals.
More than 350 in-depth monographs are
included, based on scientific research, not
just anecdotal information. The Review of
Natural Products provides detailed
information about natural products, including
their botany, history, chemistry,
pharmacology, medicinal uses, toxicology, and
patient information. It also includes
significantly documented drug interactions.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 B.6. International Drug Products
Index Nominum: International Drug
Directory (MedPharm)
This authoritative index on
pharmaceuticals, proprietary names,
synonyms, chemical structures, and
therapeutic classifications of substances
continues to reign as the primary
international pharmaceutical reference after
50 years.

Martindale: The Complete Drug

Reference (Pharmaceutical Press)
The Complete Drug Reference 40th Edition,
Pharmaceutical Press. Martindale: The
Complete Drug Reference is a trusted source
of information on pharmaceuticals and
medicines used around the world.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 B.7. Pharmacy Practice
Remington: The Science and Practice of
Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Press)
Remington has been the standard reference
for all elements of pharmacy research and
practice for almost a century, and it is
utilized in core curricula for pharmaceutics,
therapeutics, and pharmacy practice courses.

B.8. Pregnancy and Lactation

Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
This popular reference book includes up-to-
date information on over 1,175 drugs
regularly prescribed to pregnant or nursing
women, as well as 137 novel drug entities.
µ
Each drug's pharmacological effects on the
embryo and fetus, as well as drug transfer
from the mother to the nursing infant.

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 Medications and Mother’s Milk (Hale
Publishing)
B.9. Therapeutics
Applied Therapeutics: The Clinical
Use of Drugs (Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins)
PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics
This vital resource provides up-to-date,
comprehensive, and scientifically supported
information on the transmission of material
medicines into human milk. This 2021 edition
has been updated to include 50 brand-new
drugs, 356 new pharmaceuticals, and cutting-
edge coverage of numerous ailments,
vaccinations, and syndromes
This commonly used text has been
completely updated and revised. A realistic
case-study method helps health-care
students comprehend the foundations of
therapeutics while also learning important
problem-solving techniques. Every disease
and disorder chapter includes real-life
clinical scenarios to demonstrate therapeutic
concepts and principles and provide hands-on
practice in designing therapeutic treatment
plans.
Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina
 Goodman and Gilman’s The
Pharmacological Basis of
Therapeutics (McGraw-Hill)
Pharmacotherapy: A
Pathophysiological Approach
(McGraw-Hill)
PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,
Thirteenth Edition, by Goodman and Gilman,
is the gold standard for detailing therapeutic
drugs'• actions and uses in relation to
physiology and pathophysiology.
The book pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic
approach can assist us in providing the best
possible patient care by using evidence-based
pharmacological therapy based on sound
IN
pharmacotherapeutic principles. We'll discover
important ideas at the top of each page,
clinical presentation tables outlining and
symptoms, and clinical controversy boxes
diving into the complicated challenges that
students and doctors encounter while using
pharmacological therapy in this book.
Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina
 III. SECONDARY RESOURCES. Below is a list of commonly used secondary resources. Visit and paste a
photo of the site. Write a brief description of these secondary resources useful to healthcare
professionals.
Secondary Resources Description
CINAHL CINAHL Complete includes rigorous curation and indexing of
open access (OA) journals, which has resulted in a growing
collection of 1,096 active global OA journals. Once validated and
certified for inclusion, these OA journals are treated with high-
quality subject indexing and sophisticated,
$
precise/accurate full-text linking.
Cochrane Library
The Cochrane Library is a collection of databases in
medicine and other healthcare specialties provided by
Cochrane and other organizations. At its core is the
collection of Cochrane Reviews, a database of
systematic reviews and meta-analyses which
summarize and interpret the results of medical
research.
Embase
Embase is a biomedical and pharmacological bibliographic
database of published literature designed to support
information managers and pharmacovigilance in
complying with the regulatory requirements of a
licensed drug.
Google Scholar
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search
engine that indexes the full text or metadata of
scholarly literature across an array of publishing
formats and disciplines.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 International Pharmaceutical
Abstracts
International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA) covers
(IPA) the entire spectrum of drug therapy and
pharmaceutical information so researchers,
toxicologists, cosmetic companies, medical librarians
and health practitioners can easily locate the
answers to any drug-related problems that they
encounter.
$
A unique featured of IPA’s clinical studies
abstracts is the inclusion of the study design,
number of patients, dosage forms and dosage
schedule.
Iowa Drug Information System (IDIS)
The IDIS drug information is a bibliographic
indexing service for over 200 premier English
language medical and pharmaceutical journals, pivotal
drug studies, case reports, clinical practice
guidelines, systematic reviews, comparative
effectiveness studies and reviews, FDA new drug
approval packages, FDA advisory committee reports,
reports from AHRQ, guidelines and appraisal reports
from NICE, FDA black box warnings and more.
Medline
MEDLINE is a bibliographic database of life sciences
and biomedical information. It includes bibliographic
information for articles from academic journals
covering medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry,
veterinary medicine, and health care.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 IV. CASE STUDIES
1. A patient tells the pharmacist that she is trying to become pregnant. She currently takes
Topiramate for migraine prophylaxis. She is aware that Topiramate has a “poor” pregnancy
rating but asks about the specific risks and effects of taking Topiramate if she becomes
pregnant. Which tertiary reference/s would be best suited to begin researching this question?

Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation (Lippincott Williams ☆ & Wilkins)

Because this book provides useful, dependable information on over 1,175
drugs commonly prescribed to pregnant or lactating women. Each drug
monograph summarizes potential embryo and fetus side effects, as well
☆
as drug passage to the nursing infant. Each drug's FDA Risk Factor
rating is included. Drugs are alphabetically listed and indexed by
generic, domestic, and foreign trade names. Pregnancy and breastfeeding
recommendations are listed at the top of each drug review for easy
reference. This edition also focuses on drug-induced developmental
toxicity, taking dosage into account whenever possible. Its coverage
expands to include more herbal medicine and nutritional supplements
commonly used by women.

*
Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs (Elsevier)
This source has unique drug articles, giving it the most comprehensive
coverage of adverse reactions and interactions available anywhere. This
is a must-have for any academic or medical library, pharmacologist,
regulatory organization, hospital dispensary, or pharmaceutical company
because each article contains detailed and authoritative information about
the adverse effects of each drug, as well as comprehensive references to
the primary literature.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 2. The same patient from Case Study 1 returns to the pharmacy a year later. She stopped
taking the Topiramate for migraine prophylaxis prior to becoming pregnant. She delivered a
healthy full-term infant 3 months ago and she is currently breastfeeding. Since the delivery, her
migraine headaches have increasingly worsened in frequency and severity. She would like to
begin Topiramate for migraine prophylaxis since this previously controlled the frequency and
severity of her migraine attacks. Before she talks to her physician, she would like to know what
the risk would be if she continued to breastfeed her infant while taking Topiramate. What
sources would be best suited to begin researching this question?
*,
Medications and Mother’s Milk (Hale Publishing)
This essential reference, written by a world-renowned expert in
perinatal pharmacology, contains current, complete, and evidence-based
information on the transmission of maternal drugs into human milk.
Because so many women take medications while breastfeeding, one of the
most common questions in pediatrics is: Which drugs are safe for the
infant and which are dangerous? It also includes coverage of multiple
diseases, vaccines, and syndromes. It discusses the use of
radiopharmaceuticals, chemotherapeutic agents, and vaccines in
breastfeeding mothers, as well as adult concerns, infant risk reduction
methods, and infant monitoring.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 3. A patient states he has recently returned from an extended stay in Japan as part of a
work assignment. While in Japan, he was evaluated for hypertension and placed on a medication
called Almylar. The patient would like to know if the medication is available in the USA and, if
not, what would be an alternative medication to take? Which resources would be best suited to
begin researching this question?

The patient can still refer to other countries regarding this medication
k hypertension problem. This kind of condition should
to treat his/her
immediately be addressed to prevent a mild or severe stroke that might
happen once the hypertension triggers. You should consult the physician
regarding this and asks for alternative medication to prevent the trigger
of your hypertension.

Drug Interactions Analysis and Management is the best suited to begin

researching this case of example because it emphasizes management
options for improved patient outcomes and includes recommendations for
alternative medications.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 1. A physician would like to read clinical trials evaluating the use of Ketorolac and Meperidine or
Ketorolac and Diclofenac for relief of pain associated with kidney stones.
A. What are the key terms from the question that should be part of a search strategy?

Clinical trials are the crucial term here, which simply means that it
is either a secondary or tertiary source because clinical trials
involve several processes and methods to guarantee that the
information provided is evidence-based on earlier reports or sources.
Another thing we noticed in the circumstance is a list of different
pharmaceuticals, which you can easily find by using a variety of
reputable sites that are truly referring to drug information.
B. How would you combine the above terms in a search of secondary database?

To combine search phrases and create a final set of subject results,

we can use the boolean operators *"AND"* or "OR." → •
The fastest way
to identify a good source of information when using secondary
databases is to utilize boolean operators to filter down the terms to
be used in the search. A boolean operator is a conjunction used to
filter results in search engines by combining or excluding certain
words and concepts in searches. Search operators, also known as
search parameters, are characters or strings of characters, such as
words and phrases, that are used to reduce the scope of a search
engine query.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 C. After running the search above, several irrelevant results were returned. Can anything else
be done to refine the results better? Defend your answer.
☆
It's only natural that when we search, we come across irrelevant
☆
material because we lack the appropriate search strategy abilities. It's
merely that when looking for literature, we need practice generating a
☆
well-focused question. Having a clear understanding of what we're
looking for will help us stay on track and avoid spending time looking for
outcomes.
Provide the specific answer for the following questions. Identify the particular reference
consulted and write the bibliography using APA format.
Questions/ Topics Answers
1 What disease is Methylphenidate SR
generally indicated?
This medication is used to treat attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder - ADHD. It works by changing
the amounts of certain natural substances in
the brain. Methylphenidate belongs to a class of
drugs known as stimulants. It can help increase
your ability to pay attention, stay focused on an
activity, and control behavior problems. It may also
help you to organize your tasks and improve
listening skills. This medication is also used to treat
a certain sleep disorder (narcolepsy).
Reference/s:

RITALIN-SR-Uses, Side Effects, and More. (n.d.). WebMD LLC. Retrieved from
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-9767/ritalin-sr-
oral/details#:~:text=This%20medication%20is%20used%20to,of%20drugs%20known%20as%20stimulants.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 2 What is the mechanism of action of
Lovastatin?
Lovastatin is in a class of medications called
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). It
works by slowing the production of cholesterol in
the body to decrease the amount of cholesterol
that may build up on the walls of the arteries
and block blood flow to the heart, brain, and other
parts of the body.
Reference/s:
AHFS Patient Medication Information. Bethesda (MD): American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc.; c2019.
Lovastatin. [Last Revised: 2021, February 15; Page last updated: 2022, March 25]. Retrieved from
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a688006.html#:~:text=Lovastatin%20is%20in%20a%20class,other%20parts
%20of%20the%20body.

3 Calamine lotion is pink in color.

What is/are responsible for the pink
Iron Oxide: This is what gives calamine its
coloration? characteristic pink color. The mixture known
“calamine”
as Ma •
is a mixture of zinc oxide and
•• iron oxide.
about 0.5%
Reference/s:
Faber, K. (2021, November 16). Homemade Calamine Lotion. Nourishing Joy Ethical Green Living, LLC. Retrieved from
https://nourishingjoy.com/homemade-calamine-lotion/

4 What is azotemia?
Azotemia is an elevation of blood urea nitrogen
(BUN) and serum creatinine levels. The
reference range for BUN is 8-20 mg/dL. µ
Reference ranges for serum creatinine vary
slightly by age and sex: in adults, the normal
* in women
↑ (44-97 μmol/L)
range is 0.5-1.1 mg/dL
µ (53-106 •
and 0.6-1.2 mg/dL MY
μmol/L) in men.
Reference/s:
Salifu, M., Ifudu, O. (2021, December 23). Azotemia. WebbMD LLC. Retrieved from
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238545-
overview#:~:text=Azotemia%20is%20an%20elevation%20of,%CE%BCmol%2FL)%20in%20men.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 5 Define the conditions that primarily
contribute to COPD.
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two
most common conditions that contribute to COPD.

:
These two conditions usually occur together and
can vary in severity among individuals
with COPD.
Chronic bronchitis is inflammation of the lining
of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and
from the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs. It's
characterized by daily cough and mucus
(sputum) production.
Emphysema is a condition in which the alveoli at
the end of the smallest air passages (bronchioles)
of the lungs are destroyed as a result of
damaging exposure to cigarette smoke and other
irritating gases and particulate matter.
Reference/s:
COPD. (2020, April 15). Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Retrieved from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/copd/symptoms-causes/syc-
20353679#:~:text=Emphysema%20and%20chronic%20bronchitis%20are,severity%20among%20individuals%20with%
20COPD%20.

6 Identify the chemical components of *

Mohr’s salt. Mohr’s Salt, which is the common name of
ammonium iron(II) sulfate, is an inorganic
compound whose chemical formula is
A)
(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2(H2O)6. Mohr’s salt is known to
contain two primary cations, namely the
ammonium cation (NH4+) and the ferrous cation
(Fe2+).
Reference/s:
Mohr’s Salt. (n.d.). What is Mohr’s Salt?. BYJU’S. Retrieved from https://byjus.com/chemistry/mohrs-
salt/#:~:text=on%20Mohr's%20Salt-,What%20is%20Mohr's%20salt%3F,cation%20(Fe2%2B).

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 7 How much salicylic acid is present in
salicylic acid collodion? Salicylic Acid Collodion contains 12% Woo of
salicylic acid in flexible collodion.
Reference/s:

Paints for warts: salicylic acid collodion BNF. (n.d.). 1978 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. Retrieved from
https://dtb.bmj.com/content/16/17/68.1

8 What is the ideal temperature for

specific gravity determination? The term ☒“Specific Gravity”* (SG) is used to
define the weight or density of a liquid as
compared to the density of an equal volume of
water at a specified temperature. The
temperature used for measurement is usually
39.2oF (4oC), because this temperature allows
water to assume its maximum density.
Reference/s:
James, B. (2015, August 25). Mixing 101: The Importance of Specific Gravity. Dynamix Agitators Inc. Retrieved from
https://dynamixinc.com/specific-
gravity/#:~:text=The%20term%20%E2%80%9CSpecific%20Gravity%E2%80%9D%20(,to%20assume%20its%20maximu
m%20density.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 V. CREATIVE WRITING
If you will write a book regarding your experiences during the Enhanced Community Quarantine
(ECQ), describe or fill-out briefly the following:

Title
Solace in Solitude

Cover Photo (Give

a brief
explanation)

Being quarantined during the pandemic gave us feelings of anxiety, isolation and uncertainty,
*
which can be likened to sitting on a stool where your foot can’t reach the ground—
☒
something that we’ve been traversing freely on for years being suddenly so far from reach.
The pandemic had limited our movements and we have no choice but to comply and stay in the
corners of our home. As hard it may have sounded, little by little, we were able to accept this
☒
“new normal”. Thus, rather than portraying the hardships and gloomy atmosphere we felt
☒

during those times of loneliness, we decided to highlight the beauty of transitioning to the new
definition of normalcy.
With this we were able to come up with a fitting book cover, in which it showcases the
conclusion of the story, where our main protagonist, Solace, is seen sitting comfortably,
despite being on a high chair, alone at the corner. The cover is colored with pastels, which is
not only chosen to appeal to the audience, but also to give them an idea of the overall theme of
the book: Youth. The gradient of blue and violet fog represents how Solace adjusted to the
og
situation he’s been put to. We also added some spots of red, yellow and pink to express his
various sentiments they feel towards it.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina

 Table of Contents
Table of contents shows the different titles of each proses
and poems, chronologically following the timeline of the
realizations of Solace throughout the story.
Dedication *
“For those who are still persevering in these trying times
and those who have lost the will, may you find solace in
your solitude”☒
Publication
Published by
*
The Winner’s Leaf
an imprint of
Miramonte House Prose and Poetry Books
a division of Miramonte House, Inc
87 Manalo Broadway
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
About the Author
Anonymous writer, illustrator and activist Group Four is
the author of three prose and poetry books about
discrimination, environment, and inequality. They had
started from posting their works through the application
Webtoon and had won several awards through their works.
Their debut webtoon and now available on hardcopy,
Greenworld, had garnered a lot of traction and continues to
top bestseller charts worldwide.
Target Readers
Solace in Solitude is filled with metaphors written in the
form of proses and poetry as it will appeal to audience
ranging from teenagers to young adults.
PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina
 Price
900 php
Website
$
www.thelifeofsolace.com/groupfour
Synopsis §
Solace, a teenager with a name fitting to his life’s status
for the past 19 years, expects to take a big leap as he
ventures onto the world of adulthood. But alas reality hits,
as his country faces a crisis that might greatly dullen his
adulthood. Afraid of forgetting his youth, he decides to write
proses and poems about his final years as a teenager.

PHR119-Pharmacy Informatics Prepared by: Mrs. Y. Melad and Ms. E. Molina