A STUDY ON SAFTEY MANAGEMENT IN WHEELS INDIA

LIMITED AT CHENNAI

PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO PONDICHERRY

UNIVERSITY,

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE

OF

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Submitted By

Name:VISHVA.M
REGISTER NO:21810510
Under the Guidance of
Dr.Kadalarasane.T
Head of the Department
Senior Assistant Professor
Department of Management Studies

CHRIST INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated to Pondicherry university)

Ramanathapuram-605502

MAY 2022

1
 CHRIST INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
RAMANATHAPURAM, PUDUCHERRY
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This to certify that the project work entitled “SAFTEY MANAGAMENT

ADOPTED BY THE EMPLOYEES IN WHEELS INDIA , CHENNAI” is a bonafide
work done by VISHVA.M [ REGISTER NO: 21810510] in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of Master of Business Administration by Pondicherry
University during the academic year 2021 – 2022.

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT GUIDE

Viva-Voce Examination held on

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost we thank god for his blessings showered on us for completing
the project successfully.

I take this opportunity to express my deep senses of gratitude to Dr.S.R. SAM

PAUL M.E, Ph.D,B.L chairman, Christ institute of technology, Ramanathapuram.

We gratefully acknowledge the kindness of Dr.R.Vijayakumar principal Christ

institute of technology, Ramanathapuram,for giving me an opportunity to do the project
work.

It is also our privilege to express our sincere thanks to Mrs. Kalpana Manodi
manager in ganages international private limited sederapet, for having given us an
opportunity to do this project work in their esteemed organization.

We are also bound to give our sincere thanks to our Dr.Kadalarasane.T, Head of
Department, Department of Management studies. Christ institute of technology,
Ramanathapuram for his benevolent and noble assistance in doing the project.

We profoundly express our indelible indebtedness to Dr.Kadalarasane.T, faculty,

Sri Christ institute of technology, Ramanathapuram, who through her immense
knowledge greatly helped & guided us in this endeavour, she who was very generous in
suggesting improvements and supervising this work all through & her constant interest and
guidance helped us to complete this projects.

Finally, we would like to thank our dear parents & family member’s and also wish to thank
each & every one of our faculties and our friends whose efforts and support made this
project success.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF CHARTS

CHAPTER PAGE
TITLE
NO. NO.
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 11
3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 19
4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 20
5 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 23
6 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS, 46
RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STUDY
7 CONCLUSION 49
8 LIMITATION AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY 50

ANNEXURES

1. BIBLIOGRAPHY
2. QUESTIONNAIRE

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Table No. List Of Tables Page No.

5.1 Age wise classification of Respondents 23

5.2 Departments in Wheels India 24
5.3 Service of Employees in the Organization 25
5.4 Employees opinion regarding safety measures 26
5.5 Organization providing any personal protective 27
equipments
5.6 Frequency of training programme 28
5.7 Conservancy in case of accidents 29
5.8 Availability of Safety Equipments 30
5.9 Remedial measures taken by the organization 31
5.10 Major causes of accidents 32
5.11 Experienced person doesn’t need training 33
5.12 Disease affects workers in work environment 34
5.13 Frequency of accidents happening 35
5.14 Severity of accidents caused 36
5.15 Causes of great disturbance in work environment 37
5.16 Chemical content of Waste/Effluent 38
5.17 Working conditions provided by the Organization 39
5.18 Safety measures in Organization 40
5.19 Chi-Square analysis of Training on safety and First aid 41
and Met with accidents
5.20 Chi-Square analysis of providing personal protective 43
equipments and Methods to improve safety measures
5.21 Analysis of various facilities provided by the 45
organization using weighted average method

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Table No. List Of Charts Page No.

5.1 Age wise classification of Respondents 23

5.2 Departments in Wheels India Ltd 24
5.3 Service of Employees in the Organization 25
5.4 Employees opinion regarding safety measures 26
5.5 Organization providing any personal protective 27
equipments
5.6 Frequency of training programme 28
5.7 Conservancy in case of accidents 29
5.8 Availability of Safety Equipments 30
5.9 Remedial measures taken by the organization 31
5.10 Major causes of accidents 32
5.11 Experienced person doesn’t need training 33
5.12 Disease affects workers in work environment 34
5.13 Frequency of accidents happening 35
5.14 Severity of accidents caused 36
5.15 Causes of great disturbance in work environment 37
5.16 Chemical content of Waste/Effluent 38
5.17 Working conditions provided by the Organization 39
5.18 Safety measures in Organization 40

CHAPTER – I

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1.1 COMPANY PROFILE

Home Company Profile Wheels India Limited is company promoted by the TVS
Group, India’s largest auto component manufacturers. Starting with a bus service in 1911,
the TVS Group has grown to become one of India’s largest business houses with businesses
in two wheelers, vehicle dealerships & logistics and auto components which had a turnover
of over USD 7 Billion (FY 2012-13)

1.1.1 History of wheels India

Wheels India (established in 1962) is one of the largest steel wheel manufacturers in
the world. The company had turnover of USD 375 Million (FY 2012-13) coming from the
segments of Cars/ UVs, Commercial vehicles, Tractors, Single Piece wheels and
Construction & Earth Mover wheels. The company also manufactures air suspension kits
for trucks and buses. With over 15 % of its turnover coming from exports, particularly from
the Construction & Earth Mover equipment segment, it is truly a global player in the auto
components industry.

Wheels India started production of wheels for commercial vehicles in 1962 at our
plant in Padi, Chennai. The company started the production of car and tractor wheels in
Padi in 1965. In 1972, the company made a foray into the construction equipment sector
with Hindustan Motors (now CAT India). In 1982, the company opened its second facility
in Rampur for tractor wheels. Wheels India entered the wire wheel business in 1988 and
also entered the air suspension market under the brand “WILRIDE”. In 1998, the company
opened a facility in Pune to cater to this growing automotive hub. This facility
manufactures wheels for car, trucks and busses.

The 2000s represented a decade of growth for the company and 2000 marked its entry to
the earth mover market with 35” and 49” wheels. In 2005 the company started

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manufacturing forged aluminium wheels to cater to the growing after market for truck and
trailer manufacturers. 2007 marked the setup of 2 new facilities in Sriperumbudur for Big
EM wheels and Bawal for car wheels. In 2009 the company setup a new facility in
Pantnagar to cater to the growing truck and light commercial vehicle business.

HomeCompanyHistory & Milestone

WHEELS INDIA LIMITED

 Year 1960 Wheels India Factory

 Year 1962 Start of Production - Commercial Vehicle Wheels(Truck)

 Year 1966 Start of Production - Low Pressure Wheels (Passenger Car)

 Year 1968 Start of Production - Agricultural Tractor Wheels

 Year 1974 Supplies to Hindustan Motors - Construction Equipments

 Year 1982 Start of Production - Wire Wheels

 Year 1982 Start of Production - Rampur Plant

 Year 1986 Start of Production - Air Suspension

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  Year 1988 Start of Production - Tubeless Truck Wheels

 Year 1993 Supplies to CAT (Earth Moving Wheels)

 Year 1996 ISO 9001 Certification

HomeCompanyBoard Of Directors

WHEELS INDIA LIMITED

BOARD OF DIRECTORS
S RAMNON-EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN

SRIVATS RAMMANAGING DIRECTOR

S VIJINON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

S PRASADINDEPENDENT DIRECTOR

R RAGHUTTAMA RAOINDEPENDENT DIRECTOR

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 AROON RAMANINDEPENDENT DIRECTOR

MS. SUMITHRA GOMATAMINDEPENDENT DIRECTOR

1.1.7 HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Safety increases productivity, reduces accidents, acts as moral booster for

employees, enables them to work fearlessly with confidence when they are assured of work

10
safety. Safety measures develop team spirit and the sense of belongingness among
employees, as they see no hazards to their lives and health.

1.1.7.1 The Safety Policy of AFT

The occupational safety and health are primarily a management function like quality
and production, having total participation of all workmen with the objective of reducing
deterioration and losses of resources of Men, Machines and Materials ensuring product
safety.

“Quality Through Safety”.

The commitment of management towards safety has envisaged constituting safety

committee headed by the chief safety officer. The safety policy is published among all
employees through play cards, instructions and exhibits.

1.1.8 Methods followed to provide safety to employees in Wheels India Ltd

1. Safety Inspections.
2. Job safety analysis.

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 3. Safety education and training.
4. Investigation of accidents.
5. Wet drills.

1.1.8.1 Safety Inspection

Periodical Inspection of work spots are carried out by the safety officers from the
angle of health and safety of employees. Any unusual sound, smell or any other
observation are bought to the notice of the concerned department in charge. The work
methods of employees are observed and recorded. Also House-keeping, electrical
appliances, high pressure operations and the use of heat and fore are studied with special
attention and appropriate warning are issued. The number of fire extinguishers, their
maintenance and refill status are observed and recorded. (Once in a month, in the
concerned department).

1.1.8.2 Job Safety Analysis

In this the critical jobs are studied in detail especially the jobs causing frequent
accidents and damages. All the possible causes of accidents are analyzed and appropriate
methods are advised.

1.1.8.3 Safety Education and Training

Here the employees are informed about the various hazards in the works and the
methods of using safety equipments and other personal protective equipments. In addition
first-aid training, fire fighting methods are taught to the employees. Safety training
programme are conducted at certain intervals by the experts who come from various
institutions and employees were sent to attend training programme and seminars conducted
by the various institutions at the expenses of the company.
1.1.8.4 Investigation of Accidents

Case studies are being carried out to investigate the various causes of accidents by
appropriately choosing accidents cases. In this the causes are broadly classified as 3
categories as below.

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 1. Unsafe act of men.
2. Unsafe conditions of machines.
3. Unsafe environment.

1.1.8.4.1 Accident Investigation Report

The following is the sample of report noted during 2006 in Unit A of AFT is
considered for the cause of accidents.

Name: xxxxxx Code No.: xxxxx Category: Beam Carrier

Date: 05-06-2006. Place: Weaving Preparatory.

Report: When working as beam carrier and while removing the empty warp from the beam
stand, unfortunately the roll slipped and his right hand middle finger and ring finger were
caught in between the roll shaft and beam bracket and caused cut and bleeding injury.

1.1.8.4.1.1 Nature of Injury: Cut and bleeding injury (Right hand middle and ring
finger).

Investigation: The empty warp weighing about 100 kgs was lifted by two operatives one at
each end from the beam bracket. While carrying the empty warp, the flange of the beam at
one end was struck by the M.S. rail and due to this shock the man at the other end lost
control thereby got his right middle finger crashed against the bracket.

1.1.8.4.1.2 This has occurred due to the following reasons.

1. The injured person was not probably holding the beam shaft rigidly.

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 2. The other man did not lift the empty roll well above the M.S. rail so as to
avoid obstruction to the flange. This requires considerable strength in the
workmen.

1.1.8.4.1.3 Remedies

1. Every workman should be instructed about the possible dangers of the work.
2. Whenever huge weights are handles manually, persons of physical soundness
should be employed there on.
3. Lifting of heavy beams must be handled with the help of pulley.

1.1.8.5 Wet Drills

This is an exercise carried out by the coordinated activities of the personnel in

Engineering, Security and Personnel Departments. This is carried out to maintain the
preparedness for fire fighting. This is also called mock fire drill.

Once in a Quarter the security personnel are informed suddenly, break out of fire at
some department without prior intimation and the time is noted down, also the Engineering
department is informed the CSO arrives at this spot mentioned. The Security personnel are
expected to be present at the spot as soon as possible and arrange for extinguishing (mock
fire) by making ready with the fire hoses nozzles protective equipments etc.

1.1.9 Types of Accidents Happening in Wheels India Ltd

S.N0. Types of Accidents Percentage of Accidents

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 1 Slipping of limbs into the machines 26%
2 Shuttle fly 19%
3 Falling of Objects 15%
4 Bobbin cut 13%
5 Trolley hit 11%
6 Chemical flash 7%
7 Eye Affection 5%
8 Slipping and falling 2%
9 Others 2%

1.2 INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

Life of Industrial workers is becoming more and more prone to danger. The
Industries are becoming more in number, size and sophistication. Every year, lakhs and

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lakhs of workers meet accidents in factories, mines and workshops leading to injuries,
permanent disabilities and sometime deaths.

Accidents may be caused by unsafe working environments, defective plant and

equipments, poor supervision, careless acts etc., Industrial safety management is a vital part
of the human resources management in any industry because it ensures job satisfaction, job
security and motivates the employees for higher productivity. Also, it helps in loss control
for the overall benefit of the organization. Hence, industrial safety is beneficial to the
workers as well as management.

1.2.1 SYNOPSIS
A good organization not only gives importance to the sales, profit, increase
production etc., but also provide safety measures to achieve the best results. This study
highlights the various safety activities carries out at the Wheels India Ltd PTC (LTD) for
the employees and the organization as a whole. Also, it would help the management to
know about the feelings of the workers about the safety measures.

Industrial engineers are concentrating their attention to improve the design of

workplace, layout, selection of equipment and machines. Employees also should lay
emphasis on safety measures in their plants.

Moreover, rules and regulations, laid down in the labour laws, make it obligatory on
the part of industrialist to provide certain minimum measures of safety to employees. This
study is based on collection of data from records of the Wheels India Ltd, Puducherry and
also personal interviews with the employees.

CHAPTER - II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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2.1 Introduction
An organization is made up of four resources, namely men, material, money and
machinery. Of these, the first one is living one and the other three are non-living i.e., non-
human. It is the human or people that make use of non-human resources. Hence, people
are the most significant resources in an organization. It is man who makes all the
difference in organizations. According to Peter F. Drucker, “man, of all the resources
available to man, can grow and develop”. Human resources are heterogeneous in the sense
that they differ in personality, perception, emotions, values, attitudes, motives and modes of
thoughts.

2.1.2 Safety
Safety, in simple terms, means freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury or
loss. Industrial safety or Employee safety refers to the protection of workers from the
danger of industrial accidents.

2.1.3 Accidents
An Accident, is an unplanned and uncontrolled event in which an action or reaction
of an object, a substance, a person, or a radiation results in personal injury.

2.1.4 Causes of Accidents

The industrial safety experts have classified the various causes of accidents into
three broad categories:

1. Unsafe Conditions
2. Unsafe Acts
3. Other Causes

2.1.5 STATUTORY PROVISIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

The International Labour Organization (ILO) organized a Tripartite Technical

Conference in 1948 to formulate a ‘Model Code’ of Safety Regulations for Industrial

17
Establishments for the guidance of governments and industry. The code covers various
areas of unsafe conditions and unsafe acts.

In India, The Factories Act, 1948 lays down safety provisions contained in Sections
21 to 41. These provisions are obligatory on the part of industrial establishments. A brief
resume of these is presented as follows.

2.1.5.1. Fencing of Machinery (Section 21):

It is obligatory on the part of the management to fence machinery with guards of a

substantial construction. The same shall be constantly maintained and kept in its proper
position when any part of the machine is in motion or movement.

2.1.5.2. Work on or Near Machinery in Motion (Section 22):

A trained adult male worker wearing tight fitting clothing should examine and
operate the machine in motion. He should not handle a belt on a moving pulley more than
fifteen centimeters in width. No young children or women should handle a machine which
is in motion.

2.1.5.3. Employment of Adolescents on Dangerous Machines (Section 23):

Young persons should not be allowed to work on dangerous machines unless he has
been fully instructed as to the dangers involved and he has received sufficient training to
work on the machine under the supervision of a person having thorough knowledge and
experience of working on that machine.

2.1.5.4. Striking Gear or Device for Cutting off Power (Section 24):

Every factory must provide suitable striking gear to move driving belt to and from
fast and loose pulleys which form part of transmission machinery. There should also be a

18
locking device to prevent accidental starting of transmission machinery to which the device
is fitted.

2.1.5.5. Self-Acting Machines (Section 25):

No traversing part of a self-acting machine and no material carried thereon shall be
allowed to run within a distance of 45 centimeters from any fixed structure which is not a
part of the machine.

2.1.5.6. Casting of New Machinery (Section 26):

All machinery driven by power and installed in any factory after April 1 1949,
every set crew, bolt or key, spindle shall be sunk or securely guarded to prevent any danger.
Further, all spur, worm and toothed or friction gearing while in operation shall be
completely unease unless it is safely situated.

2.1.5.7. Prohibition of Employment of Woman and Children near Cotton Openers

(Section 27):

Women and children shall not be employed in any part of a factory for pressing
cottons when cotton opener is in operation. However, women and children may be
employed in a room which is separated from opener.

2.1.5.8. Hoists and Lifts (Section 28):

In every factory, hoists and lifts should be in good condition and should be
examined once in every six months.

2.1.5.9. Lifting Machines, Tackles, Chains and Ropes (Section 29):

Similarly, in every factory, lifting machines chains, ropes and lifting tackles must be
in good construction and should be examined once in a year.

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2.1.5.10 . Revolving Machinery (Section 30):

In every room where grinding work is going on, a notice indicating the maximum
safe working peripherals speed of the machine shall be affixed near it. Effective measures
will also be taken in every factory to ensure that the safe working peripheral speed of every
revolving vessel, cage, basket, flywheel, pulley, or similar other appliances driven by
power is not exceeded.

2.1.5.11. Pressure Plants (Section 31):

If in any factory, any plant or its part is operated at a pressure above atmospheric
pressure, the pressure should not be allowed to exceed by taking effective measures in this
regard.

2.1.5.12. Floors, Stairs and other means of Access (Section 32):

In every factory, all floors, steps, stairs, passage and gangway shall be of sound
construction and be properly maintained.

2.1.5.13. Pits and Openings in Floors (Section 33):

Since every fixed vessel, sumps, tank, pit, or opening in a floor may be a source of
danger, therefore, shall be securely covered or fenced.

2.1.5.14. Excessive Weights (Section 34):

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 No person shall be employed in the factory to lift or carry excess load/weight so as
to cause him/her physical injury.

2.1.5.15. Protection of Eyes (Section 35):

In every factory, adequate provisions of goggles or screen to protect persons

working on machine which might cause damage to their eyesight, shall be made.

2.1.5.16. Precaution against Dangerous Fumes (Section 36):

No employee in any factory shall be allowed to enter any chamber, tank, pit, vat,
pipe, flue or such other confined place in which any gas or fume is present.

2.1.5.17. Explosive or Inflammable Gas or Dust (Section 37):

In any factory which produces through its manufacturing process dust, gas, fume or
vapour of such nature exploding on ignition, effective measures such as enclosure of the
plant or machinery used in the process, removal of accumulated dust or fume and effective
enclosure of all possible source of ignition, should be taken to prevent explosion likely to
be caused by gas or fume.

2.1.5.18. Precaution in case of Fire (Section 38):

In every factory, effective measures to be taken to prevent outbreak of fire and its
spread. These may include exit door to escape in case of fire, necessary equipments and
facilities for extinguishing fire and adequate arrangement to raise alarm in case of fire,
preferably a siren.

2.1.5.19. Power to Require Specification of Defective Parts or Tests of Stability

(Section 39):

21
 If it appears to the factory inspector that any building or part of it is in such a
condition that it is dangerous to human life, he/she may ask for details about them or insist
on suitable tests to determine their safety.

2.1.5.20. Safety of Building and Machinery (Section 40):

Where unsafe condition of building and machinery is reported, the inspector having
being satisfied may ask the occupier or manager to repair it suitably.

2.1.5.21. Power to Make Rules (Section 41):

The State Government is empowered to make rules requiring the provision in any
factory of such further devices and measures for securing safety of persons employed
therein.

2.1.5.22. The other acts covering statutory provisions of safety are:

 Mines Act, 1952

 Plantation Labour Act, 1961
 Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966.
 Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970
 Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961

2.2 Articles from Journals

THE PUDUCHERRY FACTORY RULES 1964
(As Amended up to 31.12.1993)

22
 Government of Puducherry
Labour Department
Notification

S.O.84 – In exercise of the powers conferred by the Sec.112 of the Factories Act,
1984 (Central Act 63 of 1948), the Lieutenant – Governor, Puducherry hereby makes the
following rules, the same having been previously published as requires by Sec.115 of the
said act, viz.
Rule 106 of the Puducherry Factory Rules notification of accidents and dangerous
occurrences.
When any accident which results in the death or bodily injured to any person or any
dangerous occurrence specified in the schedule takes place in a factory, the manager of the
factory shall forthwith send a notice there of by a special messenger or by telephone, or by
telegram to
1. The Inspector and Chief Inspector.
2. The District Magistrate or sub divisional officer.
3. The Officer in charge of the nearest police station.
4. The relatives of the injured or deceased person.
Any notice given as required shall be confirmed by the manager of the factory to the
authorities within 12 hours of the accident or the dangerous occurrence by sending them a
written respond in Form 17.
When any accident or dangerous occurrence specified in the schedule takes place in
factory and it causes such bodily injury to any person as prevents the person injured from
working for a period of 48 hours or more immediately following the accident on the
dangerous occurrence, as the case may be, the manager of the factory shall send a report
thereof to the inspector in form 17 within 24 hours after the expiry of 48 hours from the
time of the accident on the dangerous occurrence.

2.2.1 LEGAL ASPECTS RELATING TO INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

23
 There are legal provisions too for undertaking safety measures. There are laws
covering occupational health and safety and penalties for non-compliance have become
quite sever. The responsibility extends to the safety and health of the surrounding
community too.

The civil law establishes the extend of damages or compensation. Under the
criminal law, sentences are prescribed under the pollution control laws. There is no ceiling
on the extend of liability.

2.2.2 The various acts involved in Industrial safety are:

1. The Factories Act, 1984.

2. The Employees State Insurance Act 1948.
3. The Indian Explosive Act, 1884.
4. The Explosive Substance Act, 1908.
5. The Inflammable Substance Act, 1952.
6. The Petroleum Act, 1934.
7. The Indian Electricity Act, 1910.
8. The Indian Boilers Act, 1932.
9. The Fatal Accident Act, 1885.

CHAPTER – III

24
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To Study the Industrial safety measures followed in Wheels India Ltd.

2. To Study the different types of accidents happening inside the organization.

3. To analyze the causes of accidents.

4. To measure the effectiveness of the safety and first-aid training programme

provided by the organization.

5. To find the ways to reduce the different types of accidents and pollutions inside

the organization.

CHAPTER – 4

25
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4.1 RESEARCH – MEANING

Research is an art of scientific investigation. According to Redmen and Mary

defines research as a “systematic effort to gain knowledge”.
Research methodology is way to systematically solve the research problem. It is a
plan of action for a research project and explains in detail how data are collected and
analyzed. This research study is a descriptive research study.

4.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

A research design is a plan that specifies the objectives of the study, method to be
adopted in the data collection, tools in data analysis and hypothesis to be framed.
“A research design is an arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data in a
manner that aims to combine relevance to research purpose with economy in procedure”.

4.3 NATURE OF DATA

4.3.1 Primary data
The primary data are collected from the employees of Wheels India Ltd., through a
direct structured questionnaire.
4.3.2 Secondary data
Company profiles, Company registers, websites, magazines, articles were used
widely as a support to primary data.

4.4 SAMPLING SIZE AND TECHNIQUE

4.4.1 Size of the sample

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 It refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to constitute as a
sample. In this study 100 employees of Wheels India Ltd., was selected as size of sample.
4.4.2 Sample design
The sampling technique used in this study is simple random sampling method.
This method is also called as the method of chance selection. Each and every item of
population has equal chance to be included in the sample.
4.4.3 Questionnaire
The questions are arranged logical sequence. The questionnaire consists of a
variety of questions presented to the employees for the response. Dichotomous questions,
multiple choice questions, rating scale questions were used in constructing questionnaire.

4.5 STATISTICAL TOOLS USED

To analyze and interpret collected data the following statistical tools were used.
1) Percentage method
2) Weighted average method
3) Chi-square analysis

4.5.1 Percentage method:

The percentage is used for making comparison between two or more series
of data. It can be generally calculated as

No. of respondents favorable

x 100
Percentage of respondent =
Total no of respondents

4.5.2 Weighted average method

The weighted average method can be calculated by the following formula

27
 XW = ∑ WX / ∑ X

Here
XW represents the weighted average
X represents the value of variable
W represents the weight given to the variable.

4.5.3 Chi-square analysis:

Chi-square analysis in statistics is to test the goodness of fit to verify
the distribution of observed data with assumed theoretical distribution.
Therefore it is a measure to study the divergence of actual and expected
frequencies.

The formula for computing chi-square is as follows.

Chi-square = ∑ {(O-E)2 / E}

The calculated value of chi-square is compared with the table of chi-square

for the given degrees of freedom at the specified level of significance. If the
calculated value is greater than the tabulated value then the difference
between the observed frequency and the expected frequency are significant.
the degrees of freedom is (n-2) where ‘n’ is number of observed
frequencies and in case of contingency table the degrees of freedom is
(C-1) (R-1) where C is number of columns and R is number of rows.

CHAPTER – V

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Age wise classification of Respondents

28
 Table 5.1

S.No. Age in Years No. of Respondents Percentage

1 30 – 40 11 11.0
2 41 – 50 39 39.0
3 51 – 60 50 50.0
Total 100 100.0

Age wise classification of Respondents

Chart 5.1

Inference:
The above table indicates 11 percentages of the respondents belong to 30-40 years
old category, 39 percentages of the respondents belongs to 41-50 years category, 50
percentages of the respondents belongs to 51-60 years category.
Departments in Wheels India LTD

Table 5.2

S.No. Department Frequency Percentage

1 Spinning 22 22.0

29
 2 Weaving Preparatory 13 13.0
3 Weaving 29 29.0
4 Processing 14 14.0
5 Engineering 16 16.0
6 Warehouse 6 6.0
7 Total 100 100.0

Departments in Wheels India LTD

Chart 5.2

Inference:
The above table indicates 22 percentage of the respondents belong to spinning
department, 13 percentage of the respondents belong to Weaving Preparatory department,
29 percentage of the respondents belong to Weaving department, 14 percentage of the
respondents belong to Processing department, 16 percentage of the respondents belong to
Engineering department, 6 percentage of the respondents belong to Warehouse department.

Service of respondents in the organization

Table 5.3

30
 S.No. Service in the organization Frequency Percentage
1 of Below
Service 10 yrs in the organization
respondents 1 1.0
2 10 - 20 yrs 29 29.0

Chart 3 20 - 30 yrs 35 35.0 5.3

4 above 30 yrs 35 35.0
Total 100 100.0

Inference:

The above table indicates 1 percentage of respondent belong to below 10 years, 29

percentage of respondents belong to 10-20 years, 35 percentage of respondents belong to
21-30 years, 35 percentage of respondents belong to above 30 years of service in the
organization.

Opinion of respondents regarding safety measures

Table 5.4

S.No. Opinion regarding safety measures Frequency Percentage

1 Very much satisfied 10 10.0

2 Satisfied 30 30.0

31
 3 Dissatisfied 34 34.0
4 Very much dissatisfied 26 26.0
Total 100 100.0

Opinion of respondents regarding safety measures

Chart 5.4

Inference:
The above table indicates 10 percentages of the respondents are very much satisfied,
30 percentages of the respondents are satisfied, 34 percentages of the respondents are
dissatisfied, 26 percentages of the respondents are very much dissatisfied.

Providing any personal protective equipment

Table 5.5

S.No. Organization providing personal Frequency Percentage

protective equipments
1 Yes 70 70.0
2 No 30 30.0

32
 Total 100 100.0

Providing any personal protective equipment

Chart 5.5

Inference:

The above table indicates 70 percentages of the respondents says that the
organization is providing personal protective equipments and 30 percentages of the
respondents says that the organization does not provide any personal protective equipment.

Frequency of the training programme

Table 5.6

S.No. Training programme Frequency Percentage

1 Monthly 8 8.0
2 Quarterly 17 17.0
3 Half yearly 20 20.0

33
 4 Annually 19 19.0
Total 64 64.0
Missing System 36 36.0
Total 100 100.0

Frequency of the training programme

Chart 5.6

Inference:
The above table indicates 8 percentages of the respondents says that every month
the training on safety and first-aid programme is conducted, 17 percentages of the
respondents says that every quarter the training on safety and first-aid programme is
conducted, 20 percentages of the respondents says that half yearly once the training on
safety and first-aid programme is conducted, 19 percentages of the respondents says that
annually once the training on safety and first-aid programme is conducted. Also 36
percentages of the respondents says that the training on safety and first-aid programme is
not at all conducted.

Conservancy in case of accidents

34
 Table 5.7

S.No Conservancy Frequency Percentage

1 Loss of production 13 13.0
2 Disability of labour 70 70.0
3 Analysis of the causes of accidents 17 17.0
Total 100 100.0

Conservancy in case of accidents

Chart 5.7

Inference:
The above table indicates that 13 percentages of the respondents says loss of
production, 70 percentages of the respondents says disability of labour and 17 percentages
of the respondents says analysis of the causes of accidents will be the considerations of the
management in the case of accidents.

Availability of Safety equipments

35
 Table 5.8

S.No. Safety Equipments Frequency Percentage

1 Abundant 5 5.0
2 Sufficient 30 30.0
3 good/ok 35 35.0
4 Lacking 30 30.0
Total 100 100.0

Availability of Safety equipments

Chart 5.8

Inference:

The above table says that 5 percentages of the respondents says abundant, 30 percentages
of the respondents says sufficient, 35 percentages of the respondents says good/ok, 30
percentages of the respondents says lacking.

36
 Remedial measures taken by organization

Table 5.9

S.No. Remedial Measures Frequency Percentage

1 Highly Satisfactory 13 13.0
2 Satisfactory 37 37.0
3 Good 41 41.0
4 Poor 9 9.0
Total 100 100.0

Remedial measures taken by organization

Chart 5.9

Inference:

The above table indicates 13 percentages of the respondents are highly satisfied, 37
percentages of the respondents are satisfied, 41 percentages of the respondents says good

37
and 9 percentages of the respondents says poor regarding the remedial measures taken by
the organization in case of accidents.

Major causes of accidents

Table 5.10

S.No. Major causes of accidents Frequency Percentage

1 unsafe act of men 32 32.0
2 unsafe condition of machines 19 19.0
3 unsafe environment 34 34.0
4 Improper implementation of safety measures 15 15.0
Total 100 100.0

Major causes of accidents

Chart 5.10

Inference:

The above table indicates 32 percentages of the respondents says unsafe act of men, 19
percentages of the respondents says unsafe condition of machines, 34 percentages of the
respondents says unsafe environment, 15 percentages of the respondents says improper
implementation of safety measures were the major causes of accidents.

38
 Experienced person doesn't need training

Table 5.11

S.No. Training for experienced persons Frequency Percentage

1 Yes 39 39.0
2 No 61 61.0
Total 100 100.0

Experienced person doesn't need training

Chart 5.11

Inference:

The above table indicates 39 percentages of the respondents agrees that the experienced
person doesn’t need training on safety and 61 percentages of the respondents appose it.

39
 Diseases affect you in work environment

Table 5.12

S.No. Diseases affects in work environment Frequency Percentage

1 Byssionosis 46 46.0
2 Skin disease 21 21.0
3 eye affection 29 29.0
4 others 4 4.0
Total 100 100.0

Diseases affect you in work environment

Chart 5.12

Inference:
The above table indicates 46 percentages of the respondents affected by
Byssionosis, 21 percentages of the respondents affected by skin diseases, 29 percentages of
the respondents gets eye affection and 4 percentages of the respondents gets affected with
other types of diseases such as ear problems.
Frequency of Accidents happening
Table 5.13

40
 S.No Frequency of accidents Frequency Percentage
.
1 Monthly 18 18.0
2 Quarterly 23 23.0
3 Half yearly 25 25.0
4 Annually 34 34.0
Total 100 100.0

Frequency of Accidents happening

Chart 5.13

Inference:
The above table indicates 18 percentages of the respondents says every month, 23
percentages of the respondents says every quarter, 25 percentages of the respondents says
half yearly once and 34 percentages of the respondents says annually once the accidents are
happening in their department.

Severity of Accidents caused

Table 5.14

S.No. Severity of accidents Frequency Percentage

41
 1 Major 36 36.0
2 Minor 31 31.0
3 Fatal 9 9.0
4 Disability 24 24.0
Total 100 100.0

Severity of Accidents caused

Chart 5.14

Inference:
The above table indicates 36 percentages of the respondents says major, 31 percentages of
the respondents says minor, 9 percentages of the respondents says fatal, 24 percentages of
the respondents says disability regarding the severity of the accidents.
Causes of great disturbance in work environment

Table 5.14

S.No. Causes of great disturbance Frequency Percentage

1 Noise pollution 18 18.0

42
 2 air pollution 45 45.0
3 water pollution 25 25.0
4 all the above 12 12.0
Total 100 100.0

Causes of great disturbance in work environment

Chart 5.15

Inference:
The above table indicates 18 percentages of the respondents says Noise pollution, 45
percentages of the respondents says Air pollution, 25 percentages of the respondents says
water pollution and 12 percentages of the respondents says all the above as the great
disturbance in their work environment.
Chemical content of Waste/Effluent

Table 5.16

S.No. Chemical content of waste/Effluent Frequency Percentage

1 Highly harmful 6 6.0
2 Harmful 35 35.0
3 Permissible limit 44 44.0

43
 4 Harmless 15 15.0
Total 100 100.0

Chemical content of Waste/Effluent

Chart 5.16

Inference:
The above table indicates 6 percentages of the respondents says as highly harmful,
35 percentages of the respondents says as harmful, 44 percentages of the respondents says
as permissible limit and 15 percentages of the respondents says as harmless regarding the
chemical content of the waste/Effluent.

Working conditions provided by organization are good

Table 5.17

S.No. Working conditions in organization Frequency Percentage

1 Strongly agree 5 5.0
2 Agree 35 35.0
3 strongly disagree 26 26.0

44
 4 Disagree 34 34.0
Total 100 100.0

Working conditions provided by organization are good

Chart 5.17

Inference:
The above table indicates 5 percentages of the respondents strongly agree, 35 percentages
of the respondents agree, 26 percentages of the respondents strongly disagree and 34
percentages of the respondents disagree.

Safety measures in organization

. Table 5.18

S.No. Safety measures in Organization Frequency Percentage

1 Very much satisfied 7 7.0
2 satisfied 34 34.0
3 dissatisfied 33 33.0

45
 4 Very much dissatisfied 26 26.0
Total 100 100.0
Safety measures in organization

Chart 5.18

Inference:

The above table indicates 7 percentages of the respondents are very much satisfied,
34 percentages of the respondents are satisfied, 33 percentages of the respondents are
dissatisfied and 26 percentages of the respondents are very much dissatisfied.

Chi-Square Analysis of Training on Safety & First-aid and Met with accidents

Null Hypothesis:

HO – There is no significant difference between the Training on safety

And first aid and employees meet with accidents.

Observed Frequency

Table 5.19

Training on safety Met with any accidents Total

and first aid Yes No
Yes 45 19 64

No 30 6 36

Total 75 25 100

46
 Expected Frequency

Table 5.19.1

Training on safety Met with any accidents Total

and first aid Yes No
Yes 48 16 64

No 27 9 36

Total 75 25 100

Chi-square analysis

Table 5.19.2

S.No. Observed Expected (O-E) (O-E)^2 (O-E)^2/E

Frequency (O) Frequency (E)
1 45 48 -3 9 0.1875
2 19 16 3 9 0.5625
3 30 27 3 9 0.3333
4 6 9 -3 9 1.0000
Total 100 100 0 36 2.0833

Degrees of Freedom:

(m-1) * (n-1)

(4-1) * (2-1)

47
 =3

Tabulated value of degrees of freedom (3) @ 5% level of significance = 3.841

The Calculated value < The Tabulated value.

Therefore H0 is accepted.

Inference:

There is no significant difference between the training on safety and first aid and
Employees meet with accidents.

Chi-Square Analysis of Providing personal protective equipments and Methods to

improve safety measures

Null Hypothesis:

HO – There is no significant difference between Providing any

personal protective equipment and methods to improve safety measures

Observed Frequency

Table 5.20

Providing Methods to improve safety Total

personal
protective Posters Slogans Wearing Safety Above
equipments Equipments all
Yes 21 19 11 19 70

No 3 4 16 7 30

Total 24 23 27 26 100

Expected Frequency

Table 5.20.1

48
 Providing Methods to improve safety Total
personal
protective Posters Slogans Wearing Safety Above
equipments Equipments all
Yes 16.8 16.1 18.9 18.2 70

No 7.2 6.9 8.1 7.8 30

Total 24 23 27 26 100

Chi-square analysis

Table 5.20.2

S.No. Observed Expected (O-E) (O-E)^2 (O-E)^2/E

Frequency (O) Frequency (E)
1 21 16.8 4.2 17.64 1.05
2 19 16.1 2.9 8.41 0.5224
3 11 18.9 -7.9 62.41 3.3021
4 19 18.2 0.8 0.64 0.0352
5 3 7.2 -4.2 17.64 2.45
6 4 6.9 -2.9 8.41 1.2188
7 16 8.1 7.9 62.41 7.7049
8 7 7.8 -0.8 0.64 0.0821
Total 100 100 16.3655

Degrees of Freedom: (m-1) * (n-1)

49
 (4-1) * (2-1)

=3
Tabulated value of degrees of freedom (3) @ 5% level of significance = 7.815

The Calculated value > The Tabulated value.

Therefore H0 is Rejected.

Inference:

There is significant difference between providing personal protective equipment and

methods to improve safety measures.

An analysis of various facilities provided by the organization using

Weighted Average Method

Table 5.21

S.No Factors Excellent Very Good Fair Poor Total Total/ Rank
. good No.of
sample
1 First-aid 80 168 102 14 1 365 3.65 1
facilities
2 Safety training 0 28 129 42 29 228 2.28 4
facilities
3 Machines/tools 5 64 81 82 15 247 2.47 2
availability
4 Work 0 24 105 88 15 232 2.32 3
environment

50
Inference:

The above table indicates the various facilities provided by the organization to the
workers. According to the opinion, given by the workers First-aid facilities provided by the
organization ranks first.

CHAPTER – VI

6.1 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

The most significant findings of the study are the high level of awareness about the
various available safety measures among all the classes of the respondents.

50 percentages of the employees lies above the age of 50 and their experience in
this organization is found to be above 20 years.

The training on safety and first aid are given to 70 percentages of the respondents.
The management’s conservancy in the case of accidents lies on the disability of the labors
and also the respondents are satisfied with the remedial measures taken by the organization.

The Working conditions provided by the organization are not up to the mark, and
the severities of the accidents caused are major. The major cause of the accidents is due to
the unsafe environment and the unsafe act of the labour.

51
 45 percentages of the respondents says that the air pollution is the major disturbance
in their work atmosphere and the chemical content of the waste/Effluent are of permissible
limits.

The Byssionosis is the major disease which affects the most of the workers working
inside the organization.

Building and machinery not built safety. All the building and machinery are old
and there is lot of danger of human life or safety.

Above 60 percentages of the respondents feels that all the employees must be given
proper training on safety and first aid.

From the chi-square analysis it is found that there is no significant difference

between the training on safety and first aid provided by the organization and employees met
with any accidents.

From the chi-square analysis it is found that providing personal protective

equipments is one the methods to improve the safety inside the organization.

From the weighted average method it is found that the First-aid facility ranks first
among the various facilities provided by the organization.

6.2 SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

52
 1. The statutory provisions on safety are adequate for the time being. Effective
enforcement is the current need.
2. The organization should provide sufficient personal protective equipments to
employees working in all the departments.
3. Every fatal accident should thoroughly be enquired into and given wide
publicity among workers.
4. The Organization should arrange for the medical check- ups at regular period of
time.
5. If the Organization follows material handling principles and the machines are
guarded properly there is a chance to reduce majority accidents happening
inside their organization.
6. The factory inspectorate should advise and assist employers in drawing up
induction and training programme in safety.
7. Workers reluctance to use safety equipment either because it is inconvenient or
because it has been used by others should be removed through education.
8. Analyzing each accident and including what safety practice was violated.
Management must come forward to reward the department which considerably
reduced the number of accidents in addition to some financial incentive etc.
9. To reduce dust from the cotton good quality cottons may be used.
10. The using of exhaust fans will reduce the steam inside the weaving preparatory
department.

53
 CHAPTER – VII

CONCLUSION

The Study on Industrial Safety Management in Wheels India LTD., tells that most
of the employees are dissatisfied with the safety management practiced inside the
organization. The organization has to concentrate more on safety measures and can provide
safety equipments like goggles, gloves, shoes, masks, etc., to improve the safety inside the
organization.

The safety training must be given properly and compulsorily to avoid accidents
inside the organization. The first aid training must be given to both the labour and
supervisors who are working in various departments. This will improve the safety of the
organization.

54
 CHAPTER - VIII

8.1 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

 The time period of the study is short, so detailed study was not made.

 Only certain factors are considered in this study to measure the Safety Measures

provided inside the Wheels India Limited.

 Some false information might be given by the employees due to fear of their

superiors.

55
 8.2 SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDY

The sample size taken for this study is only 100; it can be extended to a larger sample.

 The study can be done by considering some other factors to measure the Industrial

Safety Measures inside the wheels India Limited.

 This study can be extended to measure the satisfaction level of employees on Health

and hygiene also.

ANNEXURE – I

56
Bibliography

Khanka, S.S., Human Resource Management (Text & Cases),

New Delhi, S. Chand & Company Ltd., 2003.

Kharbanda, V.K., Commentaries on The Factories Act, 1948, Allahabad,

Law Publishing House, 1996.

Kothari C.R., Research methodology, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing

Company Ltd., 1982.

Websites

www.safety.com
www.wheelsindia.com

ANNEXURE- II

QUESTIONNAIRE

57
 A STUDY ON INDUSTRIAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN WHEELS INDIA LTD

1) Name: _______________________________ Code No.: _____________

2) Designation: __________________________ Dept.:_________________

3) Age a) 30 – 40 yrs b) 41 – 50 yrs. c) 51 – 60 yrs

4) Service in this Organization

a) Below 10 yrs. b) 10 – 20 yrs. c) 20 – 30 yrs. d) Above 30yrs

1) What is your opinion regarding safety measures in your work spot?

a) Very much satisfied b) satisfied c) Dissatisfied d) Very much dissatisfied

2) Whether the organization is providing any personal protective equipment? If yes specify,

a) Yes b) No Specify _____________

3) Whether the organization provides you training on safety & first-aid measures?

a) Yes b) No

4) How frequent the safety & first-aid training programme is conducted?

a) Monthly b) Quarterly c) Half yearly d) Annually

5) Which of the following is the major consideration in case of accidents by the

conservancy?

a) Loss of Production b) Loss of materials

c) Disability of labour d) Analysis of the

Causes of Accident

6) Rank the following safety training, based on their effectiveness?

a) Class room b) On the job c) P.P.T d) Audio-visual

58
7) The availability of safety equipments in your organization is

a) Abundant b) Sufficient c) Good/ Ok d) Lacking

8) The remedial measures taken by the organization in case of accidents are

a) Highly satisfactory b) Satisfactory c) Good d) Poor

9) What is the major cause of an accident?

a) Unsafe act of men b) Unsafe condition of machines

c) Unsafe environment d) Improper implementation of

safety measures
10) Whether you met with any accident? If yes specify the location?

a) Yes b) No Location _________

11) Best place for giving first-aid in case of accidents? Please rank them accordingly to
your opinion?

a) On the spot b) Dispensary c) Rest Room d) Hospital

12) Which of the following methods will improve the safety measures inside the
organization?

a) Posters b) Slogans c) Wearing safety equipments d) above all

13) Do you think that the experienced person doesn’t need training on safety measures?

a) Yes b) No

14) Which of the following disease affects you in your work environment?

a) Byssionosis b) Skin disease c) Eye affection d) Others

15) How frequent the accidents are happening in your department?

a) Monthly b) Quarterly c) Half yearly d) Annually

16) The severity of the accidents caused in your department is

a) Major b) Minor c) Fatal d) Disability

17) Which of the following causes great disturbance in your work environment?

59
 a) Noise Pollution b) Air Pollution c) Water Pollution d)All the above

18) The Chemical content of the Waste/Effluent are

a) Highly Harmful b) Harmful c) Permissible limit d) Harmless

19) The working conditions provided by your organization are good

a) Strongly agree b) agree c) Strongly disagree d) disagree

20) Rate the following facilities in your organization?

Factors Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor

First-aid facilities
Safety training facilities
Machines/Tools Availability
Work Environment

21) Considering the above answers the safety measures in your organization are

a) Very much satisfied b) satisfied

c) Dissatisfied d) Very much dissatisfied

Thank You!

60