Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis of A Garment Finishing Unit

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7 Issue-5S, January 2019
Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis of a

Garment Finishing Unit
Muthukumar K, Subrata Das
Abstract- Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis were carried

out in different dry and wet processing areas of a garment III. GRAVITATIONAL
finishing factory. Risk rating has been calculated from the point
of view of the severity, probability and frequency of occurrence. A. Fall from height
Risk rating was been divided into three categories. Low, medium B. Movement of object from height
and high risk rating were assigned depending upon the severity of 1. Falling of chemical tanks from the fork lift
occurrence and categorized as 1 to 7, 8 to 14 and 15 to 20, while handling
respectively. It has been found from this study that there is 2. Falling of materials from storage racks
medium risk associated in running a garment finishing unit. 3. Falling of coconut from trees in the premises
Different control measures were identified and suggested to
ensure safety of the workforce in the factory.
IV. THERMAL AND / OR EXPLOSIVE
Keywords: Hazard, risk, mechanical, electrical, thermal,
biological, environmental, gravitational. A. Fire/Explosion
1. Fire due to diesel storage,
I. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION: 2. Fire due to chemical storage,
3. Fire due to Paints & solvents,
Hazard identification of different activities in a garment
4. Fire due to electrical short circuit,
finishing unit has been carried out. Activities have been
5. Fire due to Waste storage [Chindi, paper,
classified under 13 categories and risk assessment has been
plastic bag]
carried out based on the severity, probability and frequency
of occurrence. Major activities and sub categories are listed V. ENGAGED WITH HOT/COLD STUFF/PARTS
below. 1. Pressing machines
2. Boiler surface
II. MECHANICAL / KINETIC 3. Steam line
A. Engaged with plant/parts VI. ELECTRICAL
1. Washing Machine loading stations
2. Garment & Stone loading conveyor A. Engaged with live electrical parts
3. Pressing Machine 1. Transformer Yard
4. Laser Machine B. Contact with high fault currents
5. Bench Grinding Machine 1. Main control Panels,
6. ROBOT Spray Machine 2. Sub-Control Panels,
7. Damage machines 3. Distribution Boards,
4. Battery Bank & Battery bank charges.
B. Engaged with pointed objects/edges C. Mechanical scratch to power leads/permanent
1. Tagging Guns electrical wiring
2. Pallets edges 1. Diesel Generator
D. Opening of water into electrical components
C. Engaged with equipment for material handling
1. Fork lift VII. SOUND AND / OR TREMBLING
2. Stackers A. Contact to increased sound (levels that may cause
3. Manual pallet truck hearing damage)
1. Washing Machines area
D. Mechanical scratch to services, PPE or other items 2. Diesel Generator
1. Tearing of Hand gloves
2. Blockage of mask cartridge. B. Contact with vibrating plant/vehicle/tools/objects
Revised Manuscript Received on January 19, 2019.

Dr.Muthukumar.K,Industrial Safety Engineering, Department of
Mechanical Engineering,
Dr. Subrata Das, (Fashion Technology), Fashion Resource Centre
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District,
Tamil Nadu 638401, India
Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: E2082017519 /19©BEIESP 521 & Sciences Publication
Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis of a Garment Finishing Unit
VIII. RISK ANALYSIS:

Risk analysis of different activities in the Garment Finishing unit is given below.
Published By:
Retrieval Number: E2082017519 522 & Sciences Publication
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IX. ENVIRONMENTAL XVI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. Air/ground/water pollution (including spills, Risk analysis of different activities of a garment finishing
uncontrolled release, etc unit has been performed on the basis of risk rating which
B. Discharge of unsafe solid, liquid or gas during is divided into low, medium and high risk activity.
transport on/off site
C. Incorrect waste disposal A. Mechanical / kinetic:
D. Import of unauthorized soils, resources, plants Contact with moving plant/parts, contact with sharp
apparatus objects/edges, contact with moving material handling
equipment and mechanical damage to services, PPE or
X. CHEMICALS / SUBSTANCES other items were investigated. Different activities in this
A. Breathing of dusts, gases, fumes, vapours and area were assigned with a rating which varies from 3 – 7.
mists This activity is categorized into low risk.
1. Brushing machines, B. Gravitational:
2. Damage Machines, Fall from height and falling object from height were
3. Laser Machines, studied. Risk rating in this category varies from 9 -12
4. Spray Mannequins, which can be classified as medium risk.
5. Washing Machines,
C. Thermal / Explosive:
B. Intake of chemicals/substances Fire due to diesel storage, chemical storage, paints &
1. Chemicals solvents, electrical short circuit and waste storage [chindi,
paper, plastic bag] were analyzed. Risk rating of 9 has
been assigned to such activities. This is treated as
C. assimilation of chemicals/substances through skin medium risk category.
1. Printing inks and chemicals
D. Contact with hot/cold objects / parts:
XI. RADIATION Contact with hot pressing bed, boiler surface and steam
A. Revelation to non-ionisingemission source (laser, pipe line has been studied. This activity is classified as
welding flash, infrared, radiofrequency) low risk area due to a risk rating of 4.
E. Electrical:
XII. BIOLOGICAL Contact with live electrical parts, exposure to high fault
A. Contact to algal, bacterial, fungal, viral or currents, mechanical damage to power leads/fixed
parasitic agents (skin contact, ingestion, electrical wiring and Ingress of water into electrical
inhalation) components was the areas of interest. Risk rating of such
B. Animal, insect and spider bites/stings activities varies from 8-9 and registers under medium risk
Sharps/needle-stick revelation category.
F. Noise and Vibration:
XIII. MANUAL HANDLING Exposure to increased noise in washing machines area,
A. Managing heavy, unstable or awkward diesel generator and contact with vibrating
objects/loads Repetitious movements plant/vehicle/tools/objects were the areas of interest.
1. Handling of Fabric rolls Various operations in this category have been rated from
2. Handling of Trims and accessories 5-8 and falls under medium risk.
G. Environmental:
XIV. PSYCHOLOGICAL / MENTAL, SOCIAL
AND MEDICAL Risk due to air/ground/water contamination (Including
Spills, Uncontrolled release, etc), release of harmful
A. Functioning for excessive time periods and/or solid, liquid or gas during transport on/off site and
while fatigued incorrect waste disposal were investigated. Risk rating of
B. Contact to workplace bullying, harassment, 8 has been assigned to such activities which are classified
violence as medium risk.
XV. WORK ENVIRONMENT (FACILITIES, H. Chemicals / Substances:

INFRASTRUCTURE AND CANTEEN) Inhalation of dusts, gases, fumes, vapours and mists,
ingestion of chemicals/substances and absorption of
A. Inadequate lighting
chemicals/substances through skin were studied.
B. Wet/slippery/uneven/unstable occupation
Activities
surface
are evaluated for risk and rated as 8 which is treated as
C. Climatic conditions (including flooding,
medium risk.
lightning, wind)
D. Working alone
E. Unfavorable atmospheric conditions (dusty)
F. Restricted access or working space
Published By:
I. Radiation: 3. Xiongying, Lihong Chen, Yuan Zhou, Xuemin Ding ‘Research in

risk assessment for textile and apparel and propose a future
Exposure to non-ionizing radiation source (laser, welding research agenda with a conceptual framework’ International
flash, infrared, radiofrequency) has been investigated and Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, Vol. 17, Issue 3.
risk rating of 8 is assigned. Such activities are grouped 4. Nimkar 2016,‘Chemical Safety at the Workplace in Textile
Industry’ NimkarTek Technical Services Pvt Ltd.
under medium risk category.
5. Paunovic D, Colovic G (2005) ‘The application of SWOT analysis
J. Biological: in designing of garments’. Management 37: 71-77.
6. Gordana Colovic 2014 ‘The Garment Manufacturers Risk
Exposure to algal, bacterial, fungal, viral or parasitic Assessment - Swot Analysis’ Journal of Textile Science &
agents (skin contact, ingestion, inhalation) and animal, Engineering Vol.4, Issue 6.
insect and spider bites / stings and sharps/needle-stick 7. Subrata Das and Anindya Ghosh, Eco hazards and remedial steps
in textile industry, The Indian Textile Journal, 2005, Vol. CXVI,
were analysed. They are classified as 8 and categorized No. 3, December, 17-24.
into medium risk rating. 8. Gordana Colovic, The Garment Manufacturers Risk Assessment -
Swot Analysis, Journal of Textile Science and Engineering, 2014,
K. Manual handling Vol 4, 173. doi: 10.4172/2165-8064.1000173
Handling heavy, Unstable or awkward objects/loads
repetitious movements was observed. Those activities are
rated as 8 and classified in medium risk category.
L. Psychological / Mental, Social and Medical
Working for excessive time periods and/or while fatigued
and exposure to workplace bullying, harassment and,
violence was analysed. Risk rating of 8 has been assigned
to such activities and categorized as medium risk.
M. Work Environment
Different areas of facilities, infrastructure and canteen
were observed and analysed. Except LPG gas cylinder
used in canteen, risk rating varies from 4 – 9 and
classified as medium rating . Due to accidental factor,
risk rating for the LPG gas cylinder used in cooking in
the canteen shall be 15.
XVII. CONCLUDING REMARKS:

Risk analysis in Garment Finishing Unit has been
performed in this study. Different activities associated
with mechanical / kinetic, gravitational, thermal /
explosive, contact with hot/cold object/parts, electrical,
noise and vibration, environmental, chemicals /
substances, radiation, biological, manual handling,
psychological/mental/social/medical, and work
environment were investigated for possible hazards.
Hazards in each activity were identified and rating has
been assigned to understand the intensity of risk
associated with each activity in a garment finishing unit.
It has been observed that a risk rating of 8 has been
obtained in majority of activities. Hence it can be
concluded from this study that medium risk is associated
in performing various activities in a garment finishing
unit. Different control measures have also been suggested
for each activity.
REFERENCES
1. Md. Morshadul Hasan, Appel Mahmud 2017,‘Risks Management
of Ready-Made Garments Industry in Bangladesh’ International
journal of Business Studies Vol.10, No.1
2. Faisal Hannan 2015,Risk Assessment and Evaluation of Basic
Health and Safety Facilities (A Report of Textile Industry Gujrat,
Pakistan) (2014) Safety View Magazine.
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International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7 Issue-5S, January 2019

Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis of a

Abstract- Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis were carried

Revised Manuscript Received on January 19, 2019.

VIII. RISK ANALYSIS:

IX. ENVIRONMENTAL XVI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

XV. WORK ENVIRONMENT (FACILITIES, H. Chemicals / Substances:

I. Radiation: 3. Xiongying, Lihong Chen, Yuan Zhou, Xuemin Ding ‘Research in

XVII. CONCLUDING REMARKS:

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