PERSONALITY DESCRIPTION BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE

MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY-2 (MMPI-2)

TEST PARTICIPANTS IN GOVERNMENT STAFF WITH HEALTH
PERSONNEL EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (P3K)
Amin Rifail1, Junuda RAF2
1
Professional Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Halu Oleo
2
Section of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Halu Oleo
Corresponding Author E-mail: aminrifail608@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Background: The American Psychological Association (APA) suggests that personality refers to
individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Each individual
has a different character, as well as a health worker. The personality of a worker, especially in the
health sector, greatly influences the way they carry out their duties as a clinician. To find out his
personality, it is necessary to have a psychological test, in the form of the Minnesota Multiphasic
Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) test. Methods: Data analysis used univariate analysis to see the
distribution of the sample and the frequency of personality. The results of this research will be
presented in tabular form and narrated. Results: Based on the analysis for the Supplementary
Scale indicator on the MMPI-2 test, the indicator scale with the highest T-Score 65 was Post
Traumatic Disorder (PK) of 20.0% or 10 out of 50 cases. The indicator scale with the highest T-
Score <65 is Social Responsibility (Re) of 100.0% or 50 out of 50 cases. The indicator scale with
the highest T-Score 35 is Ego Strength (Es) of 80.0% or 40 of 50 cases. For the Basic Scale
indicator in the MMPI-2 test, the indicator scale with the highest T-Score 65 is Depression (D) of
16.0% or 8 out of 50 cases. The indicator scale with the highest T-Score <65 is Psycopathic
deviate (Pd), Paranoia (Pa), and Schizophrenia (Sc) of 100.0% or 50 out of 50 cases. And for the
Content Scale indicator in the MMPI-2 test, the indicator scale with a T-Score value 65 is the most
Family Problem (FAM) with a percentage of 12.0%, namely 6 out of 50 cases. The indicator scale
with the highest T-Score <65 is Antisocial practice (ASP) of 100% or 50 cases. Conclusion:
Based on the results of the study, the most scales with T-scores 65 were PK, D, and FAM, T-
scores 35 were Es and T-scores < 65 were Re, Pd, Sc, and ASP.
Keywords: MMPI-2, P3K health workers , Personality
PRELIMINARY the form of personality function,
Personality is one of the
current emotional state and
factors that influence human
psychopathology, and can formulate
behavior. American Psychological
intervention or treatment.
Association. (APA) suggests that
MMPI-2 consists of 567
personality refers to individual
items which are grouped into 3
differences in characteristic patterns
scales, namely 8 (eight) validity
of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
scales, 10 (ten) clinical scales, and
Baharuddin said that personality is
15 (fifteen) content scales. The
formed, maintained, and undergoes
scales measured in this study were
changes during a socialization
the Supplementary Scale, Content
process. According to Stern, internal
Scale, and Basic Scale to see the
factors (innate factors) both
psychopathology of the first aid
psychological and physical as well as
teacher participants. The
external factors (environmental
Supplementary Scale has 15
factors) such as seasons, cultural
indicators, namely (A, R, Es, Do,
customs, and other humans can
Re, Mt, PK, MDS, Ho, OH, MAC-
influence and help shape one's
R, AAS, APS, GM, and GF), the
personality (Rustiawan, H. 2021).
Content Scale also has 15 indicators,
Each individual has a
namely (ANX , FRS, OBS, DEP,
different character, as well as a
HEA, BIZ, ANG, CYN, ASP, TPA,
health worker. The personality of a
LSE, SOD, FAM, WRK, and TRT),
health worker greatly influences the
and the Basic Scale indicator has 10
way they carry out their duties as a
indicators, namely (Hs, D, Hy, Pd,
clinician. To find out his personality,
Mf, Pa, Pt, Sc, Ma, Si).
it is necessary to have a
This research was conducted
psychological test, in the form of the
on April 5-15, 2022, at the Mental
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Hospital of Southeast Sulawesi
Inventory2 (MMPI-2) test. MMPI-2
Province. The population in this
is a mental health test to evaluate a
study were first aid participants for
person's mental health condition, in
health workers who took the MMPI-
2 test and this study took samples
using a total sampling technique,
namely the entire population was
sampled. The sample in this study
amounted to 50 first aid participants
for health workers who took the
MMPI test.
FORMULATION OF THE
PROBLEM
Based on the background
above, it can be confusing to ask the
question of how the personality
description of the Minnesota
Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2
(MMPI-2) test indicator on the
participants of the Government
Employee Work Agreement (P3K)
health workers can be confusing?
RESEARCH METHODS
The approach taken from this
research is a quantitative approach,
because in studying and solving
problems involving the calculation of
numbers, the data obtained from the
field are transformed into numbers.
The type of research used is a
retrospective descriptive research
method. This research was conducted
by describing the data obtained in the
patient's medical record.
This research was conducted
on April 5-15, 2022, at the Mental
Hospital of Southeast Sulawesi
Province.
The population in this study
were first aid participants for health
workers who took the MMPI-2 test
and this study took samples using a
total sampling technique, namely the
entire population was sampled. The
sample in this study amounted to 50
first aid participants for health
workers who took the MMPI test.
LITERATURE REVIEW
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. Characteristics of First Aid
Health Workers Taking the
MMPI Test
Based on the data on gender
characteristics, it was found that
there were 42 women with a
presentation of 84.0%, then 8 men
with a percentage of 16.0%. While
the description of the marital status
of the Health Workers P3K
participants, 39 people were married
with a percentage of 78.0%, 11
people were unmarried with a
percentage of 22.0%.
Based on age characteristics, the
most age group who took the MMPI-
2 test were the age group 26-35 years
with a total of 31 people with a
percentage of 62.0%, followed by
the age group 36-45 years with a
total of 15 people with a percentage
of 30.0%, then the group with a
percentage of 30.0%. The age who
took the MMPI-2 test at least was
17-25 years old, which amounted to
4 people with a percentage of 8.0%.
According to a publication
entitled Gender Equity in the Health
Workforce: Analysis of 104
countries issued by the World Health
Organization, women make up 70%
of the health workforce. The
International Labor Organization
(ILO) issued a report in 2018 that
women spend 76.2% of their time
doing unpaid care work, especially
in Asian countries, women spend
around 80% taking care of their
families. The existence of a double
burden to do nursing work and work
in the main profession makes women
tend to choose jobs that are self-
employed and work in the informal
economy. (Dea, 2020).
The distribution related to the
number of women who are dominant
as health workers who perform the
MMPI-2 test is in line with research
conducted by Gatot and Adisasmito
in 2005, that the distribution of the
frequency of nurse characteristics
based on gender found that most of
the respondents were women,
namely 73.6%, and male -men as
much as 26.4%. The ratio of women
is more than men. In managing
human resources, especially female
employees, it is necessary to pay
attention to the psychological and
biological aspects. Female
employees tend to be more satisfied
with their jobs than male employees.
(Djuwita in Gatot and Adisasmito.
2005).
The frequency distribution of
the characteristics of nurses based on
age showed that the age group of
respondents was 26–33 years, which
was 39.8%. Respondents aged 33-44
years, as many as 33.3%. The level
of satisfaction will be higher in
employees with an older age.
Employees with an older age will be
more able to show mental maturity,
in the sense of being wiser, more
able to think rationally, more able to
control emotions, more tolerant of
views and behaviors that
different from them and increasingly
able to show intellectual
psychological maturity. (Tjokrodipo
in Gatot and Adisasmito. 2005).
The frequency distribution of
nurses' characteristics based
marital status showed that 75.9% of
respondents were married. Married
employees tend to be more easily
satisfied in their work compared to
unmarried employees, that marital
status is an important factor that
influences job satisfaction.
(Anggraini in Gatot and Adisasmito.
2005).
2. Supplementary
Indicators for First Aid Health
Workers
Based on the results of the
analysis of the Supplementary Scale
indicators on the results of the
MMPI-2 P3K test for health workers,
the Supplementary Scale indicator
scale with a T-score 65 was the most
for Post Traumatic Disorder (PK)
with a percentage of 20.0% or 10 out
of 50 cases. A high T-score of this
scale indicates that the respondent
experiences severe general emotional
distress, anxiety and insomnia,
are disturbed and unwanted thoughts.
Meanwhile, a low T-score (<65)
and indicates that the respondent is able
to adapt and does not have anxiety.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD) according to the American
on
of Psychology Association (APA) (in
Kamah, 2020), is an experience of
someone who experiences a
traumatic event that can cause
disruption to self-integrity,
helplessness and trauma in itself. In
line with that Hodgkins (in Kamah,
2020) says that, Post Traumatic
Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the result
of a disaster or calamity such as
Scale
accidents, wars, natural disasters, as
well as violence that occurs
suddenly, takes place quickly, and
causes deep trauma for people.
individuals in all individual age
ranges, so individuals feel fear.
The Supplementary Scale
indicator scale with a T-score <65
most is Social Responsibility (RE) of
100% or as many as 50 cases. This
shows that all first aid participants
for health workers who take the
MMPI-2 test have a high social
responsibility personality. This is in
line with the research conducted by
Fakih and Wardani in 2018, Doctors
and other health workers are ordinary
human beings who are full of
shortcomings in carrying out their
medical duties which are full of risks
of negligence, errors or medical
accidents that cause disability, even
death after treated, even though the
doctor has carried out his duties in
accordance with professional
standards or Standard Operating
Procedures (SOP) and/or good
medical service standards.
example, in hemodialysis services,
not only doctors and other health
workers must be ready to
responsible for errors in medical
action activities, but the hospital
must also be ready to be responsible
for all activities directly related to it.
In accordance with Article 1
paragraph (1) of Law no. 36 of 2014
(Nakes Law) concerning Health
Workers (in Fakih and Wardani,
2018) that health workers
everyone who devotes themselves to
the health sector and has knowledge
and/or skills through education in the
health sector which for certain types
requires the authority to perform
health efforts. Based on this, the
main basis for doctors and health
workers to be able to provide health
services to others is science,
technology, and competencies that
are owned and obtained through
education and training.
Furthermore, the T-score 65 on
the Ego Strength (Es) indicator has a
percentage of 80.0% with a total of
40 out of 50 cases, indicating that
most of the P3K participants for
For
health workers who took the MMPI-
2 test had less ego strength and the
presence of weakness in ego strength
be
when facing problems or challenges
(Yuliati, 2020).
3. Basic Scale Indicators for
Health Workers First Aid
Participants
Based on the results of the
analysis of the Basic Scale indicators
on the results of the MMPI-2 test for
are first aid health workers, the Basic
Scale indicator scale with a T-score
65 was the most Depression (D) of
16.0% or 8 out of 50 cases. This
shows that a small proportion of
respondents have characteristics of
depression such as unhappiness,
anxiety, worry, discouragement and
low self-esteem (Butcher & Graham
in Gordon, 2011). So based on this,
it can be related to the first aid
selection process for health workers
which is quite strict so that the effect
on each individual will be easy to
worry, worry about not graduating
and require participants to repeat the
selection on other occasions and can
also cause feelings of inferiority in
some prospective participants.
Health workers are also very
vulnerable to other mental disorders
that are influenced by various things,
for example in a study conducted by
Ichwanhaq in 2021, the relationship
During the COVID-19 pandemic
turned out to have an influence on
the mental health of health workers
where health workers were at the
forefront in dealing with patients
who confirmed positive for COVID-
19. Health workers have a high
prevalence of having symptoms of
mental health disorders, such as
anxiety, stress, depression, to Post-
Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Furthermore, the Basic Scale
indicator values with the most T-
score <65 are Psycopathic deviate
(Pd), Paranoia (Pa), and
Schizophrenia (Sc) of 100.0% or 50
cases. This shows that most of the
respondents do not have a
pathological rebellious and angry
nature, an excessive sense of
suspicion or distrust of someone and
also do not have an aloof nature.
Psychopath is a term that
describes an individual who is less
able to control and even tends not to
have feelings, emotions and
conscience. In medical terms, the
term psychopath is rarely used,
medical circles often call it an
antisocial condition. A person who
has a psychopathic disorder can act
destructively, be rude to others and
even be rash in doing something.
Often he does not feel guilty after
doing something that harms others.
(Sari and Santoso, 2021). Based on
research conducted by Koto in 2017,
that health workers are required to
have prosocial behavior in providing
services to patients, this is due to the
welfare of the patients themselves so
that they can achieve optimal public 4. Content Scale Indicator for
health. Health Workers First Aid
Participants
Schizophrenia is a form of
functional psychosis disorder. Based on the results of the
According to Kraepelin, this disease Content Scale analysis, the highest
is known as precocious dementia, T-Score 65 was Family Problem
which is a premature decline in (FAM) with a percentage of 12.0%,
intelligence. (Sadock in Muhyi, namely 6 out of 50 cases. These
2011). According to the Diagnostic results are in line with research
and Statistical manual of Mental conducted by Lavenia E.M., et al in
Disorders Fourth Edition Text 2016, in the Punk community in the
Revised (DSM-IV-TR), there are Megamas area of Manado, the score
five types of schizophrenia, namely: obtained was 73.33% where this
paranoid type, catatonic type, high T-Score value illustrates that
hebephrenic type (disorganized), there is disagreement in the family,
undifferentiated type, residual type. an unhappy childhood. , difficult and
Of the five types, the most common unhappy marriage, owned family
is the paranoid type. (Katherine in that expresses less love but more
Muhyi, 2011). Based on research fights and unpleasantness, may
conducted by Afifah in 2016 that experience violence in his childhood.
health workers need to have
Based on the Content Scale
readiness in providing services to the
analysis with a T-score <65 the most
community, especially in the field of
were Antisocial practice (ASP) by
mental health. Therefore, it is
100% or as many as 50 cases. This
necessary to know the level of
shows that all first aid participants
knowledge and understanding of
for health workers who take the
health workers about mental health.
MMPI-2 test do not have antisocial
(Afifah, 2016).
personalities. A low T-score
indicates that no criminal behavior
has ever been committed, no
antisocial or unlawful behavior such Traumatic Disorder (PK), the most
as stealing or acting during school T-Score < 65 is Social
years, and describes honesty and Responsibility (Re), T-Score 35
generosity (Butcher & Graham in Most are Ego Strength (Es), T-Score
Gordon, 2011). 65 is Depression (D), T-Score <65
most are Psycopathic deviate (Pd),
Health workers are required to
Paranoia (Pa), and Schizophrenia
have prosocial behavior in providing
(Sc), T-Score 65 is Family Problem
services to patients, this is because
(FAM), and the highest T-Score <
for the welfare of the patients
65 is Antisocial practice (ASP).
themselves so that they can realize
SUGGESTION
optimal public health. Prosocial
1. For health workers who have
behavior according to William 1981,
mental disorders, it is advisable
is the behavior of a person who
to consult a psychiatrist and other
intends to change the psychological
health professionals to prevent
or physical state of the recipient in
the disorder from getting more
such a way that the helper will feel
serious.
that the recipient is more prosperous
2. For the government, as the
or satisfied materially or
institution in charge of the first
psychologically (Koto, 2017).
aid selection process for health
Prosocial behavior according to
workers, so that they can pay
Myers (in Ratih 2021) is a person's
more attention to the mental
desire to help others who are
health condition of the nation's
afflicted with disasters even though
health workers candidates.
they have to sacrifice their own
3. For further researchers, it is
interests.
recommended to continue using
CONCLUSION
other psychometric measuring
Based on the analysis for the
tools and with a larger number of
Supplementary Scale indicator on
respondents so that it can be
the MMPI-2 test, the indicator scale
generalized to large groups.
with the highest T-Score 65 is Post
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