Induction Heating

CEP Report
By
NAME Registration Number
Ihsan Ullah CIIT/FA19 -EPE -051/ATD
Muhammad Safwan Javaid CIIT/FA19 -EPE -077/ATD
Haris Nazir CIIT/FA19 -EPE -134/ATD

For the course

Power Electronics (EEE338)

Semester Fall 2020

Supervised by:
Sir Naseer Khan
 Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
COMSATS University Islamabad – Abbottabad Campus

DECLARATION

We Ihsan Ullah (CIIT/FA19 -EPE -051/ATD), Muhammad Safwan Javaid (CIIT/FA19 -EPE
-077/ATD), and Haris Nazir (CIIT/FA19 -EPE-134/ATD) hereby declare that we have produced the
work presented in this report, during the scheduled period of study. We also declare that we have not
taken any material from any source except referred to wherever due. If a violation of rules has
occurred in this report, we shall be liable to punishable action.

Date: 14/07/2022

Ihsan Ullah
(CIIT/FA19 -EPE -051/ATD)

Muhammad Safwan Javaid

(CIIT/FA19 -EPE -077/ATD)

Haris Nazir
(CIIT/FA19 -EPE -134 /ATD)
 ABSTRACT
Induction heating technology is nowadays the heating technology of choice
in many industrial, domestic, and medical applications due to its advantages
regarding efficiency, fast heating, safety, cleanness, and accurate control.
Advances in key technologies, i.e., power electronics, control techniques,
and magnetic component design, have allowed the development of highly
reliable and cost-effective systems, making this technology readily available
and ubiquitous.
Generally, in steel processing systems, steels are heated via induction or
combustion furnaces. Thermodynamic analysis was performed for the
furnaces which heat the steel workpiece up to 1300 oC. The energy
performances of both systems were analyzed and compared. It is concluded
that, instead of a natural gas fired or an induction furnace, a hybrid furnace
may save more energy and cost.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT..........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

DECLARATION..................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

1 Introduction...............................................................................................................22

2 Literature Survey......................................................................................................22

3 Proposed Methodology.............................................................................................22

4 Simulation Results.....................................................................................................23

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig: 1.1 Title of the Picture.............................................................................................22

Fig: 3.1 Single Block Diagram........................................................................................22

Fig: 3.2 Circuit Diagram.................................................................................................23

Fig: 3.3 Flow chart...........................................................................................................23

Fig: 4.1 simulation results1.............................................................................................23

Fig: 4.1 simulation results2.............................................................................................23

 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AC Alternating Current
IH Induction Heating
CEP Complex Engineering Program

…
...
 1. Introduction
Induction heating (IH) provides contactless, fast, and efficient heating of conductive materials. It is
becoming one of the preferred heating technologies in industrial, domestic, and medical applications,
among other applications, due to its advantages when compared with other classical heating techniques
such as flame heating, resistance heating or traditional ovens or furnaces.

An AC source is used to supply an alternating voltage to an induction heating coil. The coil generates an
alternating magnetic field, in which the induction target, i.e., the load, is immersed. Therefore, the
induction target is heated by means of two physical phenomena: Eddy Currents and Magnetic
Hysteresis. Eddy currents oppose to the magnetic field applied to the induction target, and they produce
the heating by Joule effect.

1.1Objectives:

The basic purpose of this CEP is to design a safe and sound induction heater. As by using induction heater we can
utilize heat energy very efficiently. So, our main objective is to use heat energy generated by the phenomena of
eddy current. As in the heat sensitive places when we want any application like example cutting the objects and
joining objects, we need quick and clear heat, temperature control is also under consideration.

1.2Features and Cost Estimate of our Project:

Table 1

S.NO Equipment Cost

1. Resistor 180
2. Capacitor 200
3. Inductor 130
4. Mosfet 70
5. Copper coil 100

.
 2. Literature Survey
Inductive heating is a heating process of a conductive material, based on the electromagnetic induction.
This part presents physics and theory of electromagnetic induction, followed by a presentation of the
equipment required for an inductive heating installation.

2.1 Physical principle of induction

Electromagnetic induction was discovered by Faraday in 1831 and is the origin of inductive heating.
The general definition of electromagnetic induction is the production of an electric current in a
conductive material which is in motion in a magnetic field. Two types of induction can be observed
regarding the referential, but they describe the same phenomenon: Lorentz’s induction: it occurs when
the magnetic field is constant with time and the conductive material is in motion. Neumann’s induction:
it occurs when the magnetic field flux varies depending on time, with a fixed conductive material. In
case of inductive heating, Neumann’s induction occurs: an oscillating current is applied to the coil,
which creates a time-variable magnetic field with the same frequency as the coil’s current, on its
surrounding environment. Due to Lenz’s law (“An induced electromotive force (EMF) always gives
rise to a current whose magnetic field opposes the original change in magnetic flux”), this magnetic
field induces eddy currents in the work piece located inside the coil.

Figure 1

These eddy currents (also called Foucault currents) have the same frequency as the coil current but
opposite direction. They produce heat by Joule’s effect (R.I²) and the material is heated. Because of
electromagnetic phenomena, the distribution of these currents are not uniform, a nonuniform
distribution of the temperature is created. An additional heating can be generated by hysteresis
magnetic losses. Magnetic materials (it means materials which have significant relative permeability,
as iron alloys or cobalt) tend to resist alternating magnetic fields within the induction coil, and this
results in a sort of “friction” which creates additional heating. It leads to a higher temperature increase
rate. However, magnetic permeability depends on temperature, and disappears at a certain temperature
called Curie point.

Figure 2

To sum up, there are two mechanisms of heating, depending on if the material is magnetic or not, and
the temperature:
 Low temperature: heating by Joule effect of induced currents, and heating by magnetic
hysteresis losses if the work piece is magnetic.
 High temperature: only heating by Joule effect of induced currents.
By controlling all electrical parameters, and by knowing properties of the material to be heated and
parameters of the equipment, it is thus theoretically possible to control temperature of the heated part.
However, many different parameters are involved in inductive heating, such as:
 Properties (magnetic, thermal, and electrical) and temperature of the part to be heated
 Material and geometry of the inductor
 Electrical parameters input (power, frequency)
 Air gap between inductor and part to be heated
 Relative position of the inductor against the part to be heated
 Manual: Complex Engineering Problem

2.2 Skin effect

The skin effect is an important notion which describes the rapid decreasing of the induced currents with the
penetration in the material. Eddy currents tend to be concentrated on the surface of the material, it results that
the power and therefore the heat is mainly dissipated on the surface. This skin effect is largely depending on the
frequency and the properties of the part to be heated. This skin effect is characterized by a certain thickness,
called “penetration depth”. The penetration depth corresponds to the thickness where 63 % of the current
density is dissipated, or 87 % of the power.

Figure 3

3 Proposed Methodology
3.1 Mathematical Model
1
Formula of Frequency: f=
(2∗π∗√ L∗C)
2 2
A=d n
Formula of Inductance of Coil: L=
18 d+ 40 l

Value of Inductance From Online Calculator for Inductance of Coil: Nearly 8uH

Capacitance: 4x 470uF = 1880uF

1
f=
¿¿

f=1.3KHz

22
 Manual: Complex Engineering Problem

3.2 Block diagram

Figure 4
SingleDiagram
Single Block Block Diagram

3.3 Circuit diagram:

Figure 5

Fig: 3.2 Circuit Diagram

23
 Manual: Complex Engineering Problem

3.4 Flow chart:

Factors Affecting Induction Heating

4 Hardware

4.1 software simulation

4.2 Results:

Fig: 4.1 simulation results1

5 Conclusions:
It is concluded that ,after all the simulation results and hardware implementation we come to know that induction
heating project is easy to make ,it suitable financially suitable .And it can fulfill all the requirements that where
under consideration .And academically we have learned more deeply about Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic
Induction,Lenz’s law ,Eddy current ,skin Effect and all the mathematical modeling of this particular system.

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 Manual: Complex Engineering Problem

5.1 References:

[1]. https://www.hsdr-induction.com/
2. https://youtu.be/UMRvqS953AEhttps://youtu.be/UMRvqS953AE

Teachers should assess CLO2, CLO3 and CLO4 based on given

rubrics (overall weightage 20%)

Recommended Percentage Breakdown

CLO Percentage

CLO2 (Investigation) 10%

CLO3 (Referencing/Citations) 5%

CLO4 (Communication) 5%

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