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THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS CONCENTRATION OF NAA AND IBA ON THE

ROOTING OF SOFT WOOD CUTTING OF Hibiscus rosa-sinensis UNDER MIST
HOUSE CONDITION IN UTTARAKHAND

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Vol 4 Issue 9 Oct 2014 ISSN No : 2230-7850

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Indian Streams Research Journal
ISSN 2230-7850
Volume-4 | Issue-9 | Oct-2014
Available online at www.isrj.net

THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS CONCENTRATION OF

NAA AND IBA ON THE ROOTING OF SOFT WOOD
CUTTING OF Hibiscus rosa-sinensis UNDER MIST
HOUSE CONDITION IN UTTARAKHAND

Krishan Kumar Singh

Department of Horticulture, Chauras Campus, HNB Garhwal Central University,

Srinagar (Garhwal) , Uttarakhand, India

Abstract:-The experiment was carried out in simple randomized block design at

Horticultural Research Centre, Chauras Campus, HNB Garhwal University
Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India. The different length stem cuttings of
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis treated with IBA and NAA solutions at 1000, 1500 and 2000
ppm by quick dip method. For preparing the rooting media, sandy soil and farm yard
manure (FYM) in ratio of 1:1 by v/v were mixed thoroughly, cleaned for stones and
grasses, then the mixture was filled in root trainers. Experiment was conducted in
the mist house which had the arrangement for intermittent misting to 60 seconds at
every 10 minutes interval between 8 am to 8 pm. Among all the treatments, number
of sprouted cuttings (9.000), number of primary root (18.667), percentage of rooted
cutting (90.000), length of longest sprout (7.800 cm) of root were higher in IBA
2000 ppm.

Keywords:Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, IBA, NAA, stem cutting, rooting percentage.

INTRODUCTION
Hibiscus rosa- sinensis belongs to Malvaceae family and plant commercially propagated
through cutting. It is native to tropical and southeastern Asia (China). Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a
perennial ornamental shrub available throughout India. this plant is commonly found throughout the
tropics and as a house plant throughout the world (Das R. Der,2010).
Hibiscus has also medicinal properties and takes part as a primary ingredient in many herbal
teas. This plant is popular landscape shrub, creates a bold effect with its bed-textured, glossy dark
green leaves and with 4-6 inch wide and up to 8 inch long, showy flowers, produced throughout the
year and grows up to 7-12 feet (Hindustan. 2010). Gupta (1989) reported that the best results with
regard to rooting (80 %) and plant survival (95.8 %) were obtained in semi-hardwood cuttings of
Hibicus rosa-sinensis L. cv. Snow Flake treated with IBA at 4000 ppm as quick dip method among the
treatment of IBA and NAA each at 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 or 10000 ppm of control. Higher
concentrations of IBA and NAA are required to start production in rooting cutting of plant.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The present investigation was conducted in 2011 in the mist house located at the
Horticultural Research Centre, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. The
research centre is situated in the Alaknanda valley at 300 13’ 25.26’’ N and 780 48’ 04.93’’ E and 563 m
above mean sea level, and exhibits a subtropical climate with dry summer and rigorous winters with

Krishan Kumar Singh,“ THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS CONCENTRATION OF NAA AND IBA ON THE ROOTING OF
SOFT WOOD CUTTING OF Hibiscus rosa-sinensis UNDER MIST HOUSE CONDITION IN UTTARAKHAND” Indian
Streams Research Journal | Volume 4 | Issue 9 | Oct 2014 | Online & Print

1
.The Effects Of Various Concentration Of Naa And Iba On The Rooting Of Soft Wood Cutting Of..........

occasional dense fog in the morning hours from mid December to mid February. The average
temperature and relative humidity inside the mist house during experiment was 33+3 0C and 75+5%,
respectively. The soil temperature measured was around 28+2 0C. Softwood cuttings of H. rosa-
sinensis were collected from 5 to 6 year old plants and 20 cm long cuttings with apical portion. For
preparing the rooting media, sandy soil and farm yard manure (FYM) in ratio of 1:1 by v/v were
mixed thoroughly, cleaned for stones and grasses, then the mixture was filled in root trainers. There
were six treatments of growth regulator formulations used at different concentrations; twenty
cuttings were used for each treatment which was replicated thrice. The prepared cuttings were
planted in pots after dipping in solutions of NAA and IBA at 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm. The
experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice with 10 cuttings in each
treatment. Experiment was conducted in the mist house which had the arrangement for intermittent
misting to 60 seconds at every 10 minutes interval between 8 AM and 8 PM. The basal 1.5-2.0 cm
portion of the cuttings was dipped in growth regulator solution for 10 minutes and immediately
planted in medium to a depth of 6-8 cm. After cuttings were planted, the misting was started. The
planted cuttings were allowed to root for 90 days. The cuttings (nine numbers per treatment per
replication) were carefully removed from the pots and dipped in water to remove the soil particles
adhering to roots to record the observations pertaining to roots viz., number of sprouted cutting,
length of sprout, diameter of sprout, number of roots/cutting, length of roots/cutting, diameter of
roots/cutting and percentage of cutting rooted. The data pertaining to root and shoot character were
tabulated and statistically analysed as per the methods outlined by Cochran and Cox (1992).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A perusal of Table 1 shows that the effect of different concentrations of IBA and NAA
significantly affected the various growth characters of cuttings in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. The
maximum (9.000) number of sprouted cuttings were recorded in 2000 ppm concentration of IBA
treatment. followed by 1500 ppm concentration of IBA. The minimum (3.333) number cuttings was
sprouted in control set. similar findings were also observed by Dhua et al. (1983) in guava cuttings.
According to Thimmappa and Bhattacharjee (1950), auxins naturally occurring or exogenously
applied are required for initiation of adventitious roots on stems. It appears probable that the success
of IBA is due to its low auxin activity and its slow degradation by auxin destroying enzyme. Leopold
(1995) suggested that IBA is quite a strong auxin, while NAA is readily destroyed.
The maximum average length of sprout per cutting (7.800 cm) was recorded under 2000
ppm concentration of IBA followed by 1000 ppm concentration of IBA. It may be due to species,
favourable climatic conditions to the length of sprout. Better utilization of stored carbohydrates,
nitrogen and other factors with the aid of growth regulators causes length of sprout. While, the
minimum average length of sprout per cutting (4.800 cm) was recorded under control. Sprout length
may be due to better utilization of stored carbohydrates, nitrogen and other factors with the aid of
growth regulators. The findings of Shrivastava (1996) in hardwood cuttings of phalsa treated with
IBA.
The maximum average diameter of sprout per cutting (3.000 mm) was observed under 2000
ppm concentration of IBA followed by 1500 ppm concentration of IBA. The minimum average
diameter of sprout per cutting (1.00 mm) was recorded under control. Langhans, (1955) reported
that intermittent mist is often used on cuttings because it reduces the temperature of the leaves,
lowers respiration, and increases relative humidity around the leaf surface. These findings also agree
with the findings of Vijaya kumar (1973) with respect to thickness of sprout per cutting of guava.
The highest percentage of rooted cutting (90.000 %) was recorded under 2000 ppm
concentration of IBA followed by 1500 ppm concentration of IBA while the minimum percentage of
rooted cutting (33.333) was recorded under control during present investigations. Kumar, (1995)
recorded that the 2000 ppm IBA was found to be the most promising dose in rooting of Acacia
mangium cuttings with a rooting success of 76.0%. The enhance hydrolytic activity in present of
applied IBA coupled with appropriate planting time might be responsible for the increased
percentage of rooted cuttings. High carbohydrate and low nitrogen have been reported to favour root
formation (Carlson, 1929). Thimmappa and Bhattacharjee (1990) observed that IBA treatment at

Indian Streams Research Journal | Volume 4 | Issue 9 | Oct 2014 2

.The Effects Of Various Concentration Of Naa And Iba On The Rooting Of Soft Wood Cutting Of..........

2000 ppm proved to be best for rooting. Mist chamber creating a humid atmosphere by means of
artificial mist around the planted cuttings enhanced the process of rooting (Vijaya Kumar, 1973).
The highest number of primary root per cutting (18.667) was recorded under 2000 ppm
concentration of IBA followed by 1500 ppm concentration of IBA while the minimum number of
primary root per cutting (6.333) was recorded under control. It may be due to the action of auxin
which might have caused hydrolysis and translocation of carbohydrates and nitrogenous substances
at the base of cuttings and resulted in accelerated cell elongation and cell division in suitable
environment (Hartmann et al., 2007). The maximum average diameter of root per cutting (2.667
mm) was recorded under 2000 ppm concentration of IBA, followed by 2000 ppm concentration of
NAA. The minimum diameter of root per cutting (1.000 g) was recorded under control. It may be due
to the effect of environmental factors, light, air temperature and soil temperature. Auxin application
has been found to enhance the histological features like formation of callus and tissue and
differentiation of vascular tissue (Mitra and Bose, 1954). The findings of Kathrotia and Singh
(1995) match these results in respect of thickness of rooting in phalsa.
The maximum average length of roots per cutting (7.567cm) was recorded under 2000 ppm
concentration of NAA followed by 2000 ppm concentration of IBA, while the minimum average
length of roots per cutting (3.033 cm) was recorded under control. The increase in length of roots in
cuttings treated with growth regulators may be due to the enhanced hydrolysis of carbohydrates,
accumulation of metabolites at the site of application of auxins, synthesis of new proteins, cell
enlargement and cell division induced by the auxins (Strydem and Hartman, 1960). The
appropriate planting time, application of IBA as well as genetic makeup of genotype use may have
played some role in augmenting the number of leaves per cutting (Singh and Singh, 2002).

CONCLUSION
Plants can be transplanted when they have rooted, but good results are often achieved if the
plants do not have too many longer roots but have more number of roots. Application of IBA higher
concentration (2000 ppm) was more beneficial for over all parameters of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis
stem cuttings. Hence 2000 ppm concentration of IBA was found most effective for the rooting of
Hibiscus rosa- sinensis cutting and may be used by nursery man for easy and faster multiplication of
Hibiscus rosa- sinensis.

Figure 1. Effect of NAA and IBA concentration on survival

performance of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis

Indian Streams Research Journal | Volume 4 | Issue 9 | Oct 2014 3

.The Effects Of Various Concentration Of Naa And Iba On The Rooting Of Soft Wood Cutting Of..........

Figure 2. Effect of NAA and IBA concentration on rooting

performance of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis

REFERENCES
1.Carlson, M.C. (1929). Micro-chemical studies of rooting and cuttings. Bot. Gaz. 87: 64.
2.Cochran, W. G., Cox, G. M., (1992). Experimantal Designs. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
3.Das R. Der. 2010. Pharmacia Sinica. 1(1): 166-172.
4.Dhua, R. S., Sen, S. K. and Bose, T. K. 1983. Punjab Hort. J., 23: 84-91.
5.Hartmann H.T. and Kester D.E. (2007). Techniques of propagation by cuttings. In: Plant
Propagation: Principles and Practices. 6th ed., Prentice Hall of India, Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi: 321.
6.Hindustan A A, Chitta S K, Kishore K R B, Ravindra B V, Sasidhar C G S, Abhilash C, Sagar N R V.
2010. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 1(2): 29-31
7.Hindustan A A, Chitta S K, Pilli Y, Sandhya R P, Chandra S A, Sivaramakrishna G V. Der.2010.
Pharmacia Lettre., 2 (1): 452-456.
8.Kathrotia, R.K. Singh, S.P. (1995). Adv. In Horti. & Forestry, 4: 35-40.
9.Kumar, A. (1995). Clonal propagation of Acacia mangium through rooting of cuttings. Ann. For.,
8(20):250-252.
10.Langhans, R. W. (1955). Mist for growing plants. Farm Res. (Cornell Univ.) 21(3): 3. Long, W.
G., Sweet, D. V., and Tukey, H. B.
11.Leopold, A.C. (1995). Auxins and plant growth substances. Barkeley and Loss Angels. Univ.
California Press, California pp372-377.
12.Lynn, C. Hartmann, H. T. 1957. Rooting cuttings under mist. Calfonia Agric 11: 145.
13.Mitra, G.C. and Bose, N. (1954). Rooting and histological responses of detached leaves to B-
Indolebutyric acid with special reference to Boerhavia diffusa Linn. Phytomorphology, 7:370.
14.Shrivastava, S.R. (1996) Effect of IBA, sugur and captan on rooting of phalsa (Grewia
subinaequalis DC). Recent Horticulture, 3(1): 52-54.
15.Singh, A.K. and Singh V.S. (2002). Influence of wood maturity and auxins on the regeneration of
Bougainvillea cuttings. Prog. Hort., 34(2):196-199.
16.Strydem, D.K. and Hartman, H.T. (1960). Effect of indole butyric acid and respiration and
nitrogen metabolism in Marianna 2624 plum softwood stem cuttings. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort., 45(1-
2) : 81-82.
17.Thimann, K. V. Koepfli, J. B. 1935. Identity of the growth promoting and root forming substances
of plants. Nature 135: 101-02.
18.Thimmappa, D.K. and Bhattacharjee, S.K (1950). Standard ization of propagation of scented
geranium from stem cuttings. Indian Perfumer, 31(1): 56-60.
19.Thimmappa, D.K. and Bhattacharjee, S.K., 1990. Standardization of propagation of scented
geranium from stem cuttings. Indian Perf., 34: 56-60.
20.Vijaykumar, N., 1973. Studies on the propagation of guava (Psidium guajava L.) by cuttings
Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Udaipur.
21.Gupta, V. N. (1989). Effect of intermittent mist and auxins on the rooting potential of Hibiscus

Indian Streams Research Journal | Volume 4 | Issue 9 | Oct 2014 4

.The Effects Of Various Concentration Of Naa And Iba On The Rooting Of Soft Wood Cutting Of..........

rosa-sinensis L. cv. Snow Flake by semi-hardwood cuttings. South Indian Horticulture. 37(2):67-69.

Table 1 Effect of NAA and IBA on vegetative propagation through stem

cutting of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis
Treatments Number of Length of Diameter of Percentage of Number of Average length Diameter of
sprouted longest sprout thickest sprout rooted cutting Primary root of longest root thickest root
cutting (cm) (mm) (cm) (mm)
1000 ppm NAA 4.667 5.367 2.000 46.667 10.000 4.433 1.333
1500 ppm NAA 5.333 5.600 1.667 53.333 14.667 5.500 1.667
2000 ppm NAA 4.333 6.133 2.333 43.333 13.333 7.567 2.000
1000 ppm IBA 6.333 6.767 2.000 63.333 16.667 5.933 1.333
1500 ppm IBA 6.667 5.967 2.667 66.667 17.000 6.533 1.667
2000 ppm IBA 9.000 7.800 3.000 90.000 18.667 7.467 2.667
Control 3.333 4.800 1.000 33.333 6.333 3.033 1.000
CD at 5% 1.75104 1.30161 0.593173 17.5104 3.41119 1.40595 0.882667

Krishan Kumar Singh

Department of Horticulture, Chauras Campus, HNB Garhwal Central University,
Srinagar (Garhwal) , Uttarakhand, India

Indian Streams Research Journal | Volume 4 | Issue 9 | Oct 2014 5

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