LOCATION OF CORROSION-PRONE AREAS

(& APPEARANCE)

• Engine Frontal Areas & Cooling Air Vents

Constant abrasion by airborne dirt and dust, bits of gravel from runways, and rain all tend to remove
protective surfaces from engine frontal areas and cooling air vents.

Explanation: Once na mag engine start mag kakaroon nf centrifugal force para kumuha ng hangin sa
labas at dqahil doon ay hindi maiiwasan ang dust at gravel sa hangin (FOD). Dahil doon na da-damage
ang engine natin.

• Battery Compartments & Vent Openings

Despite improvements in protective paint finishes and in methods of sealing and venting, battery
compartments continue to be corrosion prone areas.

direct chemical attack in battery compartment

Sa lightweight aircraft ang battery compartment ay nasa likod lang ng engine.

sulfuric acid or electrolyte leakage can cause corrosion

Yung hangin na contaminated ng electrolyte or sulfuric acid once na magkaroon ng overheat ang battery
magkaroon ng pagkalat yung corrosion na yon for internal structures specially mga unprotected surfaces
mag u-undergo ng corrosive attack.

During inspection of this area, pay particular attention to these trouble areas

-Terminal cause

-Battery cables

-vent plugs

-Gitna ng battery

-Surfaces ng compartment

• Lavatories and Food Service Areas

Organic materials such as food and human waste are highly corrosive to aluminum surfaces.

Sink and dent (?)- mga trouble areas kung saan tumatapon mga pagkain o waste/liquid
-Gumagamit ng mga cleaning agents to avoid corrosion

During inspection of this area, pay particular attention to these trouble areas

-Bawat gilid at mga cracks

• Wheel Wells and Landing Gear

External Skin Areas

no area of an airplane is subjected to as much hard service as the wheel well area.

On takeoff and landing, debris from the runway surface is thrown up into this area. This can be
especially troublesome in the winter when chemicals are used on runways for ice control. Furthermore,
abrasion can remove protective lubricants and coatings, and water and mud can freeze and cause
damage

Prone sa lahat specially sa stress corrosion

During inspection of this area, pay particular attention to these trouble areas

-struts

-Tie-down points

Inside axles

Water traps

Springs

Unplated high strength steels

Dissimilar metal contacts

Typical debris traps

Switches

Under ferrules and identification tapes

Wheel bearing races

• EXTERNAL SKIN AREAS

One of the first places corrosion appears on the surface of an aircraft is along seams and lap joints.

It is here that concentration cell corrosion frequently appears and, in clad skins, it is here that the
sheared edges of Alclad material are exposed without the protection of the pure aluminium. There is
also a danger of water or cleaning solvents becoming entrapped in the lap joints and providing an
effective electrolyte

-Protected by paint

-Dahil sa katandaan ng pintura hindi maiiwasan madamage

• Inaccessible Areas Or Miscellaneous Areas

• BILGE AREAS

On all aircraft, the bilge area is a common trouble area. The bilge is a natural sump or collection point for
waste hydraulic fluids, water, dirt, loose fasteners, drill chips, and other debris.

Lower part ng sump

Lalagyan ng lounge

Naka connect sa cables

• PIANO-TYPE HINGES

These are prime spots for corrosion due to dissimilar metal contact between the steel pin and
aluminum hinge tangs.

Control surfaces

Gumagamit ng hinges

Nilu-lubricate

• CONTROL CABLES

May present a corrosion problem whether carbon steel or stainless steel is used. The presence of bare
spots in the preservative coating is one of the main contributing factors in cable corrosion. Cable
condition should be determined by cleaning the cable assembly, inspection for corrosion, and
application of an approved preservative if no corrosion is found

• ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

The use of copper, lead, tin, and other metals in electronic wiring and printed circuit boards makes
them a target for corrosion. Therefore, circuit boards are typically protected by sealing the wiring and
circuit boards with a transparent film which excludes all oxygen and moisture from the surface
Midterm Module 2

Friday, 3 June 2022

1:33 pm

Detecting corrosion

Inspection Requirements

MRO- Maintenance repair overhaul

AMO- Approved maintenance organization

Meron silang tinatawag na corrosion prevention & control program. Dito malalaman ang mga qualified
personnel (GVI & NDI)

Mga pinag babasehan ng Inspection requirements:

Service bulletin

Manufacturer recommendation

SRM (Structure Repair Manual)

Advisory Circular

FREQUENCY OF INSPECTIONS:

Naka depende sa base o kung saan na expose ang aircraft

• Aircraft operating in a severe environment

3-4 months

15-20 calendar days

• Aircraft operating in a moderate environment

45-60 calendar days

2-3 months

• Aircraft operating in a mild environment

90-100 calendar days

15 days inspect

Nakakaapekto ang operational environment sa aircraft

Recommended depth inspection

Daily and preflight inspection- araw araw

In lightweight aircraft

Indepth -kailangan ng removal

Daily pang line maintenance

Annual kabuohan ng dalawa o overhaul.

Qualified GVI & NDI PERSONNEL

GVI GENERAL VISUAL INSPECTORS- Who use their visions with or without optical aids

Qualified personnel ATA SPEC 105

Gumagamit ng human senses maliban sa amoy at lasa

Maaring mag inspect at mag approve ng letters

Pumirma para sa air worthiness ng aircraft

2nd personnels na makapag check ng component maliban sa CAAP at mechanic.

NDI non destructive investigator-

More on knowledgeable sila dahil gumagamit sila ng mga equipment

Well trained

NDT LEVEL 1 QUALIFIED MAKAPAG PERFORM NG CALIBRATE

NDT LEVEL 2

NDT LEVEL 3 MAS NAKAKAPAG INTERPRET NG CODES

Equipment's use by NDI

Non-destructive inspection/testing

A wide group of analysis techniques is used in science and technology to evaluate the properties of a
material, component, or system without causing damage.

TYPES OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION TECHNIQUES:

VISUAL/OPTICAL INSPECTION

Most widely used of all the nondestructive

Most basic and common method

Ginagamitan ng flashlight, magnifying glass and borescope

Pros and cons of visual inspect

Inexpensive

High portable

Madaling makuha ang results

Dis advantage

Misinterpret the scratches

-LIQUID DYE PENETRANT

widely applied and low-cost inspection methods used to locate surface-breaking defects in all non-
porous materials

Procedure

Crack filled with dirt

Ideally cleaned

Application of penetrant

Intermediate cleaning

Application of developer

Crack indication

Mas visible ang crack sa UV lights

Pros cand cons

Simple gawin

Available sa forous and non forous

May limitation

Hindi maari gamitin sa mga coated area

Madaming kailangan iprepare

 -MAGNETIC PARTICLE

is a non-destructive testing process for detecting surface and shallow subsurface discontinues in
ferromagnetic materials such a iron-nickel cobalt and some of their alloys

Hindi nagkakaroon ng magnetism

Electromagnetic yoke

North and south

Magnetic particles papasok sa crack

Pros and cons

Madali gamitin

It can detect both surface

Fast method for inspection

Low cost

Portable gamitin

Moderate skill

Cons

Hindi magagamit sa non-ferrous metal

Hindi magagamit sa large part ng aircraft

Magagamit lang sa malalilit na componennt

-EDDY CURRENT

One of many electromagnetic testing methods

Ginagamitan ng frequency form low and high para makita kung may discrepancy

Pros and cons

Madali gamitin

Immediate result

Made-detect ang metal thickness

Needs to be highly skill

Time consuming

-X-RAY RADIOGRAPHY

Used to inspect materials and components using the concepts of differential adsorption of penetrating
radiology

Pros and cons

Napaka suitable na identify ang flaws ng object

Madali idetermine ang crack

Madali gamitin

Cons

Health hazard

High skill

-ULTRASONIC

Utilizes sound waves to detect cracks and defects in parts and materials.

Can be used to determine the thickness of a material

High and low frequency

Ginagamitan ng transmitter and receiver

Portable

Madali lumabas ang result

Napaka expensive

High skill

May mga documents tayo na sinusunod