The Big Bang theory states that the universe was formed about 14 billion years ago as the

result of a giant explosion of very dense and hot matter.

This matter expanded and started to cool down, going through different transitional phases. The universe has been expanding ever since.

According to the Big Bang Theory everything we know time, space, universe. It all began as an EXPLOSION.
The universe as we know it started with a small singularity, then inflating over the next 14 billion years to the cosmos that we know
today.

Cosmos - is the universe regarded as a complex and orderly system; the opposite of chaos.
Singularity - is an era in which our intelligence will become increasingly nonbiological and trillions of times more powerful than it is
today—the dawning of a new civilization that will enable us to transcend our biological limitations and amplify our creativity.
RESOURCES.

Globule- Bok globule dark clouds of dense cosmic dust. Drop (liquid), small column of liquid.
The globule is cooled by emitting radio waves and infrared radiation. It is compressed by gravitational forces and also by
shock waves of pressure from supernova or the hot gas released from nearby bright stars. These forces cause the
roughly-spherical globule to collapse and rotate. The process of collapse takes from between 10,000 to 1,000,000 years.

A Central Core and a Protoplanetary Disk: As the collapse proceeds, the temperature and pressure within the globule
increases, as the atoms are in closer proximity. Also, the globule rotates faster and faster. This spinning action causes an
increase in centrifugal forces (a radial force on spinning objects) that causes the globule to have a central core and a
surrounding flattened disk of dust (called a protoplanetary disk or accretion disk). The central core becomes the star; the
protoplanetary disk may eventually coalesce into orbiting planets, asteroids, etc.

The formation of stars occurs exclusively within molecular clouds. This is a natural consequence of their low temperatures and high
densities, because the gravitational force acting to collapse the cloud must exceed the internal pressures that are acting "outward" to
prevent a collapse. There is observed evidence that the large, star-forming clouds are confined to a large degree by their own gravity
(like stars, planets, and galaxies) rather than by external pressure. The evidence comes from the fact that the "turbulent" velocities
inferred from CO linewidth scale in the same manner as the orbital velocity (a virial relation).

Birth of Star
Like people, stars are born, they grow old and they die. Their birthplaces are huge, cold clouds of gas and

dust, known as
'nebulas'.
The most
famous of these is
the Orion
nebula, which is just
visible with the
unaided eye. These
clouds start to
shrink under their
own gravity
 This new Hubble photo is but a small portion of one of the largest
seen star-birth regions in the galaxy, the Carina Nebula. Towers of
cool hydrogen laced with dust rise from the wall of the nebula.
Reminiscent of Hubble's classic image of the Eagle Nebula dubbed
the 'Pillars of Creation' this image is even more striking in
appearance. Captured here are the top of a three-light-year-tall pillar
of gas and the dust that is being eaten away by the brilliant light from
nearby bright stars. The pillar is also being pushed apart from within,
as infant stars buried inside it fire off jets of gas that can be seen
streaming from towering peaks like arrows sailing through the air.

Stars are formed in nebulae, interstellar clouds of dust and gas (mostly
hydrogen). These stellar nurseries are abundant in the arms of spiral galaxies.
In these stellar nurseries, dense parts of these clouds undergo gravitational collapse and compress
to form a rotating gas globule. 

Protostar:
The contracting cloud heats up due to friction and forms a glowing protostar; this stage lasts for
roughly 50 million years. If there is enough material in the protostar, the gravitational collapse
and the heating continue. 

If there is not enough material in the protostar, one possible outcome is a brown dwarf (a large, not-very-luminous celestial body
having a mass between 1028 kg and 84 x 1028 kg). 

A Newborn Star:
When a temperature of about 27,000,000°F is reached, nuclear fusion begins. This is the nuclear reaction in which hydrogen atoms are
converted to helium atoms plus energy. This energy (radiation) production prevents further contraction of the star. 

Young stars emit jets of intense radiation that heat the surrounding matter to the point at which it glows brightly. These narrowly-
focused jets can be trillions of miles long and can travel at 500,000 miles per hour. These jets may be focused by the star's magnetic
field. 

The protostar is now a stable main sequence star which will remain in this state for about 10 billion years. After that, the
hydrogen fuel is depleted and the star begins to die. 

Life span:
The most massive stars have the shortest lives. Stars that are 25 to 50 times that of the Sun live for only a few million years. Stars like
our Sun live for about 10 billion years. Stars less massive than the Sun have even longer life spans. 

Who came up with the big bang theory?

This universal expansion was predicted from general relativity by Alexander Friedmann in 1922 and Georges Lemaître in 1927, well
before Hubble made his 1929 analysis and observations, and it remains the cornerstone of the Big Bang theory as developed by
Friedmann, Lemaître, Robertson, and Walker.
In physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (abbreviated BBN, also known as primordial nucleosynthesis) refers to the
production of nuclei other than those of the lightest isotope of hydrogen (hydrogen-1, 1H, having a single proton as a nucleus) during
the early phases of the universe.
What were the first elements in the Big Bang?

What were the first three elements formed after the big bang?
Soon, quarks combined together to form baryons (protons and neutrons). When the universe was 3 minutes old, it had cooled enough
for these protons and neutrons to combine into nuclei. This is known as the time of nucleosynthesis. Hydrogen,helium, lithium,
and beryllium were produced.

Nearby galaxy NGC 1569 is a 'hotbed' of star birth activity

Star birth
Like people, stars are born, they grow old and they die. Their birth places are huge, cold clouds of gas and dust, known as 'nebulas'.
The most famous of these is the Orion nebula, which is just visible with the unaided eye.

These clouds start to shrink under their own gravity. As the cloud gets smaller, it breaks into clumps. Each clump eventually becomes
so hot and dense that nuclear reactions begin. When the temperature reaches 10 million degrees Celsius, the clump becomes a new
star.
After their birth, most young stars lie at the centre of a flat disc of gas and dust. Most of this material is eventually blown away by the
star’s radiation. Before this happens, planets may form around the central star.

Star-forming dark cloud imaged by ISO

Infrared observatories are able to detect heat coming from invisible stars that are forming inside such clouds. One of the most
powerful of these is ESA's Herschel space observatory, launched in May 2009. Herschel will spend at least three years studying the
dusty clouds where stars – large and small - are born.

How a star is born?

A star is born when atoms of light elements are squeezed under enough
pressure for their nuclei to undergo fusion. All stars are the result of a balance
of forces: the force of gravity compresses atoms in interstellar gas until the
fusion reactions begin

What is the birth of a new star called?

The infant star, called V1647 Orionis, is known as a protostar, and was
formed by clouds of surrounding gas and dust. The star is located 1,300 light-
years away in McNeil's Nebula, which is a bustling hotspot of star formation in
the constellation of Orion.

Where are stars formed?

Star Formation. Stars form inside relatively dense concentrations of interstellar gas and dust known as molecular clouds. These
regions are extremely cold (temperature about 10 to 20K, just above absolute zero). At these temperatures, gases become molecular
meaning that atoms bind together.

How a star is formed from nebula?

In some nebulae, stars form out of large clouds of gas and dust; once some stars have formed inside the cloud, their light illuminates
the cloud, making it visible to us. These star formation regions are sites of emission and reflection nebulae, like the famous
Orion Nebula shown in the picture on the right.