MATERIALS ENGINEERS REVIEW NOTES

SET ONE

1. The standard
standard penetration
penetration test (SPT) is an in-situ-test that measures
measures what?
what?
Ans. – depth of soil layer

2. Whih
Whih of the ff. !ituminous
!ituminous material
material is !est reommended
reommended for sealin"
sealin" wea#ened
wea#ened plane
plane $oints?
Ans. – $oint filler asphalt (ommonly alled hard asphalt or !lown asphalt)

%. The main pro!lem assoiated

assoiated with wron" pratie
pratie of on&eyin" onrete
onrete is alled what?
what?
Ans. – se"re"ation

'. The speifia

speifiations
tions all
all for 12' onret
onrete
e mi. *n a one !a""er mier+
mier+ whih
whih of the ff. amount of
water is most li#ely re,uired for the mi?
Ans. - 2 liters

. A one-lan
one-lanee road+ with
with a pa&eme
pa&ementnt width
width of %. meters
meters and shoul
shoulder
der width
width of . meter on eah
side of the pa&ement+ was desi"ned to ha&e su! !ase and !ase ourses with a om!ined thi#ness
of %mm. *f the thi#ness of the su! !ase is a 12mm+ the spreadin" and ompation of the
su!!ase and !ase ourses shall !e arried out in
Ans. – % layers o&er the full width of '. m

/. As materials
materials en"ineer
en"ineer++ what is the area of the trial
trial setion
setion that you would
would reommend
reommend to he# the
suita!ility of the materials and effiieny of the e,uipment to !e used for item %1 0ituminous
onrete Surfae ourse?
Ans. – a!out  s,.m

. Per
Per pro"
pro"ra
ram
m of wor#
wor#++ the
the esti
estima
mate
tedd &olu
&olume
me of *tem
*tem 21
21 mate
materi
rial
als
s is  u.m.
u.m. 3o
3oww many
many
"radin" and plastiity tests are re,uired !ased on the 4PW3 minimum testin" re,uirements?
Ans. – 2 "radin" and 2 plastiity

5. 0ituminous
0ituminous onre
onrete
te mies ontai
ontain
n asphalt
asphalt !y wei"ht e,ui&al
e,ui&alent
ent to what?
Ans. –  to 5 6

7. 8uality of fatory-produed
fatory-produed reinfored
reinfored onrete
onrete pipes may !e !est esta!lishment
esta!lishment throu"h
throu"h what?
what?
Ans. – Test of onrete pipes samples

1. Where
Where do we ta#e additional
additional ores when the measured
measured of any ore ta#en from the pa&ement
pa&ement is
defiient in thi#ness !y more than 2mm?
Ans. – at no less than  meter inter&als parallel to the enterline in eah diretion from the affeted
loation

11. The results of the *mmersion-ompression test onduted on an asphalt mi sample are as follows
4ry sta!ility 9 2+ :pa
Wet sta!ility 9 1+ :pa

What is the resultin" *nde of ;etained stren"th? 4oes it meet the speifiation re,uirement of
*tem %1+ 0ituminous onrete Surfae ourse?
Ans. –
*nde of ;etained Stren"th or *;S 9 Wet sta!ility  1
4ry sta!ility
9 (1+ :pa<2+ :pa)  1
*;S 9 6

= >o+ it does not meet the speifiation of *tem %1 sine the speifiation
of *;S is 6 minimum while the resultin" *;S here is only 6.
12. 8uality ontrol testin" in a 4PW3 pro$et is the responsi!ility
responsi!ility of the?
Ans. – ontrator @aterials n"ineers

1%. As materials
materials en"ineers+
en"ineers+ when is the ri"ht time to start
start samplin"
samplin" and testin" a""re"ate
a""re"ate of the
ourse materials?
Ans. – 0efore the ourse materials !e inorporated in the pro$et.

1'. The spot test on asphalt is used to determine what?

Ans. – o&erheatin" durin" manufature

1. Bnder what limati ondition(s) do we use the lower penetration "rade or hard asphalt?
Ans. – hot limate

1/. Samplin"
Samplin" of the freshly mied onrete
onrete should
should !e ta#en on the  !ath dishar"e
dishar"e of the
transit mier?
Ans. - middle

1. Soft and unsta!le soils were enountered

enountered durin" the ourse of su!-"rade preparation.
preparation. *f you were
the materials en"ineer assi"ned to the pro$et+ what is the most effeti&e and heaper method that
you would reommend to sta!iliCe the soil prior to the onstrution of the su!!ase ourse?
Ans. - "eotetiles

15. 3ow many times

times per layer
layer should
should a onr
onrete
ete speimen
speimen molded
molded in a /D/D
/D/D12D
12D !eam mold !e
rodded?
Ans. – /% times

17. What is the !asis for aeptane

aeptane or re$etion of any onstrution materials?
materials?
Ans. – @aterials Test ;eports

2. *n testin
testin"
" onre
onrete
te ylind
ylinder
er sample
sample the loa
load
d applie
applied
d shoul
should
d !e ontin
ontinuou
uous
s withou
withoutt sho#
sho# at a
onstant rate within the ran"e of  per seond.
Ans. - .1' to .%' @pa per seond or 2 to  psi per seond.

21. 4urin" the appliation of the first half of the antiipated load a loadin"
loadin" shall !e permitted.
Ans. – hi"her rate

22. *nitial rollin" in !ituminous mies shall !e performed with a 

 roller.
Ans. – Pneumati-Tire roller

2%. Einal rollin" in !ituminous mies shall !e performed

performed with a  roller.
Ans.- %-wheel or tandem type steel wheel roller

2'.
2'. ;oll
;ollin
in"
" of 0itu
0itumi
mino
nous
us mi
mi shal
shalll !e dis
dison
onti
tinu
nued
ed when
whene&
e&er
er it !e"i
!e"ins
ns to prod
produ
ue
e ee
eess
ssi&
i&e
e
 or .
Ans.- pul&eriCin" of the a""re"ate or displaement of the miture

2. Einal rollin" shall !e ontinued

ontinued until roller mar#s are eliminated
eliminated and a minimum  mass
peren
perentt of the densit
density
y of the la!ora
la!orator
tory
y ompa
ompated
ted a speim
speimen
en prepar
prepared
ed in a
aord
ordan
ane
e with
with
AAS3TF T1/ has !een o!tained.
Ans. – 7 mass perent

2/. Sample
Sample from ompated
ompated !ituminous
!ituminous mi shall !e neatly
neatly ut !y a saw or ore drill. ah sample
shall !e at least .
Ans. – 1mm  1mm  1mm diameter full depth
12. 8uality ontrol testin" in a 4PW3 pro$et is the responsi!ility
responsi!ility of the?
Ans. – ontrator @aterials n"ineers

1%. As materials
materials en"ineers+
en"ineers+ when is the ri"ht time to start
start samplin"
samplin" and testin" a""re"ate
a""re"ate of the
ourse materials?
Ans. – 0efore the ourse materials !e inorporated in the pro$et.

1'. The spot test on asphalt is used to determine what?

Ans. – o&erheatin" durin" manufature

1. Bnder what limati ondition(s) do we use the lower penetration "rade or hard asphalt?
Ans. – hot limate

1/. Samplin"
Samplin" of the freshly mied onrete
onrete should
should !e ta#en on the  !ath dishar"e
dishar"e of the
transit mier?
Ans. - middle

1. Soft and unsta!le soils were enountered

enountered durin" the ourse of su!-"rade preparation.
preparation. *f you were
the materials en"ineer assi"ned to the pro$et+ what is the most effeti&e and heaper method that
you would reommend to sta!iliCe the soil prior to the onstrution of the su!!ase ourse?
Ans. - "eotetiles

15. 3ow many times

times per layer
layer should
should a onr
onrete
ete speimen
speimen molded
molded in a /D/D
/D/D12D
12D !eam mold !e
rodded?
Ans. – /% times

17. What is the !asis for aeptane

aeptane or re$etion of any onstrution materials?
materials?
Ans. – @aterials Test ;eports

2. *n testin
testin"
" onre
onrete
te ylind
ylinder
er sample
sample the loa
load
d applie
applied
d shoul
should
d !e ontin
ontinuou
uous
s withou
withoutt sho#
sho# at a
onstant rate within the ran"e of  per seond.
Ans. - .1' to .%' @pa per seond or 2 to  psi per seond.

21. 4urin" the appliation of the first half of the antiipated load a loadin"
loadin" shall !e permitted.
Ans. – hi"her rate

22. *nitial rollin" in !ituminous mies shall !e performed with a 

 roller.
Ans. – Pneumati-Tire roller

2%. Einal rollin" in !ituminous mies shall !e performed

performed with a  roller.
Ans.- %-wheel or tandem type steel wheel roller

2'.
2'. ;oll
;ollin
in"
" of 0itu
0itumi
mino
nous
us mi
mi shal
shalll !e dis
dison
onti
tinu
nued
ed when
whene&
e&er
er it !e"i
!e"ins
ns to prod
produ
ue
e ee
eess
ssi&
i&e
e
 or .
Ans.- pul&eriCin" of the a""re"ate or displaement of the miture

2. Einal rollin" shall !e ontinued

ontinued until roller mar#s are eliminated
eliminated and a minimum  mass
peren
perentt of the densit
density
y of the la!ora
la!orator
tory
y ompa
ompated
ted a speim
speimen
en prepar
prepared
ed in a
aord
ordan
ane
e with
with
AAS3TF T1/ has !een o!tained.
Ans. – 7 mass perent

2/. Sample
Sample from ompated
ompated !ituminous
!ituminous mi shall !e neatly
neatly ut !y a saw or ore drill. ah sample
shall !e at least .
Ans. – 1mm  1mm  1mm diameter full depth
2. Eor surfae Toleranes
Toleranes the surfae (!ituminous
(!ituminous mi) will !e he#ed !y the used of a 
at sites seleted !y the en"ineer.
Ans. %-m strai"ht ed"e

25. *f the &olume of oarse a""re"ate

a""re"ate intended in your pro$et in 5 u.m.+
u.m.+ how many "radin" test
test will
you perform?
Ans. - 1 "radin" test

27. What is the most ommon method

method adapted !y 4PW3 in the determination
determination of density of the soil in
plae?
Ans. – sand one method

%. What is the minimum sample for moisture ontent

ontent determination if the maimum siCe of partiles is
mm (2 inhes)?
Ans. – 1 "rams

%1. What is the minimum mass of field sample for a maimum

maimum siCe of fine a""re"ate
a""re"ates
s at '.mm
'.mm
(no.')?
Ans. – 2 #"s.

%2. What is minimum mass of field samples for oarse

oarse a""re"ate
a""re"ate with a maimum nominal
nominal siCe of
a""re"ates of mm (2 inhes)?
Ans. –  #"s.

%%. What is the minimum

minimum mass<,uali
mass<,uality
ty of samples
samples for Portland
Portland ement
ement to !e tested for ,uality test in
the la!oratory?
Ans. – 1 #"s.

%'. What is the minimum mass<,uality

mass<,uality of samples for asphalti materials?
Ans. –  liters

%. The minimum mass<,uantity

mass<,uantity of samples for asphalt mi?
Ans. – 1 #"s.

%/. The su!mission of any type

type of samples in the la!oratory+ what
what should you aomplished
aomplished and to !e
su!mitted to"ether with the samples?
Ans. – sample ard

%. *f the minimu

minimum
m yield
yield stren"th
stren"th of a "rade
"rade ' steel
steel !ars is '+
'+ psi+ what is the e,ui&a
e,ui&alen
lentt
@><m2?
Ans. – 2/ @pa

%5. *f the minimum yield stren"th of a "rade / steel !ars is '1' @pa+ what is the e,ui&alent in PS*?
Ans. – /+ psi

%7. 3ow many samples

samples for ,uality of steel !ars "rade ' if there are 1+ #"s.
#"s. of steel !ars all
2mm  at site?
Ans. – 2 samples G 1 meter lon"

'. What is the minimum mass of yield samples for oarse a""re"ates with a maimum
maimum nominal siCe of
a""re"ate of mm (%inhes)?
Ans. – 1 #"s.

'1. What is the minimum mass of oarse

oarse a""re"ates retained on the 2mm sie&e
sie&e shall !e set a side
for sie&e analysis for mm (2 inhes) partile siCe?
Ans. – 2 #"s.
'2. What is the minimum a&era"e stren"th re,uirement for non load !earin" onrete hollow !lo#s?
Ans. – '.1' @pa.

'%. What is the minimum a&era"e stren"th re,uirement

re,uirement for a load !earin" onrete hollow !lo#s?
!lo#s?
Ans. – /.7 @pa.

''.
''. What
What is the
the a&er
a&era"
a"e
e defi
defii
ien
entt thi
thi#n
#nes
ess
s per
per lot
lot of ore
ores
s spe
speim
imen
en wher
where
e no paym
paymen
entt is
reommended on the pro$et?
Ans. – more than 2 mm

'. What is the maimum a&era"e defiient thi#ness per lot of ores speimen where 16 payment
is reommended?
Ans+ -  mm maimum

'/. onrete in the area represented

represented !y the ores will !e onsider ade,uate
ade,uate if the a&era"e stren"th of
the ores is e,ual to at least  of the speified stren"th+ fH and no sin"le ore is less than
6 of fH.
Ans. – 56 fH

'. The wei"hted

wei"hted loss of fine a""re"ates
a""re"ates su!$eted
su!$eted to  yles of the sodium sulfate
sulfate soundnes
soundness
s test
should not eeed.
Ans. – 1 mass 6

'5. The reommended type of Portland

Portland ement to !e used in onretin" unless otherwise
otherwise pro&ided for
in the speial pro&ision
Ans. – type 1

'7. Portland ement may!e<shall

may!e<shall !e re$eted if
Ans. - it has partially set
- it ontains lumps of a#e ement
- it omes from a disarded or used !a"

. Eine a""re"ates shall !e re$eted when if fails in the  for or"ani
or"ani impurities.
Ans. – olormati test

1. Eine a""re"ates

a""re"ates used for PP shall not ontain more than  of materials
materials passin"
passin" the
. mm (no. 2 sie&e) !y washin".
Ans. – % mass perent

2. The oarse a""re"ate

a""re"ate used for PP shall
shall not ontain more than  of materials
materials passin"
passin"
the . mm (no. 2 sie&e) !y washin".
Ans. – 1 mass perent

%. The mass perent

perent of wear or a!ration
a!ration loss of oarse
oarse a""re"ate
a""re"ate used for when !y AAS3TF
AAS3TF T-7/
should not eeed.
Ans. – 6

'. The wei"hted

wei"hted los
loss
s of oars
oarse
e a""re"
a""re"ate
ate when su!$ete
su!$eted
d to fi&e
fi&e () yle of the sodium
sodium sulfat
sulfate
e
soundness test should not eeed.
Ans. – 12 mass perent

. The used dowel !ars

!ars used in PP is
Ans. – plain round !ar

/.
/. A depa
depart
rtme
ment
nt Frde
Frderr seri
series
es of 177
177 "i&e
"i&e supp
supple
leme
mentnt "uid
"uidel
elin
ines
es on the
the ond
ondu
utt of Pro$
Pro$e
ett
assessment !y the 8uality assurane units ;e"ional Fffie (8AB-;F)
Ans. 4.F. I2
. A 4epartment Frder series of 177+ ;e&ised 4PW3 Standard speifiation for lastomeri !earin"
pads for !rid"e superstrutures.
Ans. – 4.F. I2

5. What is the maimum ompressi&e stren"th of 1 mm  % mm onrete ylinder speimen at
25 days for lass 0 onrete?
Ans. –  Psi (%. @pa)

7. What is the maimum ompressi&e stren"th of 1 mm  % mm onrete ylinder speimen at
25 days for lass  onrete?
Ans. – % Psi (2. @pa)

/. The weepholes shall !e plaed at the lowest points where free outlets for water an !e o!tained
and shall !e spread not more than
Ans. – 2 meters enter to enter

/1. Fne of the most ommon method used in ompation test<moisture density relation test of soil is
Ans. – AAS3TF T-15

/2. Whih of the ff. ommon method used in ompation test<moisture density relation test of soil
adopted !y 4PW3
Ans. – AAS3TF T-77 and AAS3TF T-15

/%. *f you are to use AAS3TF T-77 method (standard protor test) in ompation test+ what is the
wei"ht of rammer to !e used?
Ans. – 2. #"s. (. l!s.)

/'. Bsin" the standard protor test or AAS3TF T-77+ what is the hei"ht of drop to a free fall a!o&e the
ele&ation of the soil and uniformly distri!utes suh drops to the soil surfae?
Ans. – % mm (12D)

/. Bsin" the standard Protor test or AAS3TF T-77 or moisture density relation test+ what is the
reommended no. of !lows per layer?
Ans. – 2 !lows

//. Bsin" the modified Protor test (AAS3TF T-15) method for moisture density relation test of soil+
what is the reommended no. of !lows per layer?
Ans. – / !lows

/. Bsin" a"ain the modified Protor test ( AAS3TF T-15) method for moisture density relation test of
soil+ what is the hei"ht of drop to a free fall a!o&e the ele&ation of the soil and uniformly distri!utes
suh drops to the soil surfae?
Ans. - ' mm (15D)

/5. What is the apaity or the omputed &olume of mold usin" /D (12 mm) mold for !oth AAS3TF T-
77 J AAS3TF T-15 method?
Ans. – .212' m %

/7. What are the dataHs needed in moisture density relation test of soil 2 most ommon method?
Ans. – maimum dry density (@44)
- optimum moisture ontent (F@)

. The prime oat shall !e left undistur!ed for a period of at least  hrs. and shall not !e
opened to traffi until it has penetrated and ured suffiiently so that it will not !e pi#ed up !y the
wheels for passin" &ehiles.
Ans. - 2' hrs.
1. onrete &i!rators shall operate at maimum spain" of .
Ans. – / m

2. Sto#piles of onrete a""re"ates shall !e !uilt-up in layers of not more than in thi#ness.
Ans. – one (1) meter

%. All washed a""re"ates shall !e sto#piled or !inned for drainin" at least  hrs. !efore
!ein" !athed.
Ans. – 12 hrs.

'. onrete not in plae within  from the time the in"redients where har"ed into the
miin" drum or that has de&eloped initial set shall not !e used.
Ans. – 7 minutes

. Shall not !e painted or oated with asphalt or other materials or enlosed in tu!es or slee&es.
Ans. – tie !ars

/. @ortar that is not used within  after the water has !een added shall !e disarded.
Ans. – 7 minutes

. The maimum tensile stren"th of the wire mesh for "a!ions shall !e
Ans. – 5/.1 @pa

5. A wire mesh made of "al&aniCed steel used as a protetion wor#s.

Ans. – "a!ions

7. @inimum diameter of "a!ions per standard speifiation re,uirements

Ans. – 2. mm

5. 4etermines the hardness and sta!ility of the ompated asphalt pa&ement
Ans. – ore test

51. Samplin" of PP<asphalt ore speimens shall !e ta#en from the pa&ement usin"
Ans. – ore drill

52. SiCe of asphalt ore speimen for thi#ness and density determination
Ans. – at least 1 mm  1 mm
- 1 mm diameter full depth

5%. The diameter of asphalt ore speimens shall !e at least e,ual to
Ans. – one and one half times the maimum siCe of a""re"ates

5'. The thi#ness of asphalt ore speimens shall !e at least e,ual to
Ans. – two (2) times the maimum siCe of a""re"ates

5. F!tainin" asphalt ore speimens for eah full days operation shall !e
Ans. – at least one !ut not more than three (%) ore samples

5/. 4eterminin" the thi#ness of asphalt ore speimens is !y

Ans. – a&era"in" the four sides of the ore samples

5. 0ituminous miture will !e measured !y

Ans. – tons

55. The a&era"e of  measures are made on the asphalt ore speimens in determinin" the
thi#ness.
Ans. – '
57. *n !ituminous miture+  will not !e permitted as a method of measurement.
Ans. – !ath wei"hts

7. A ore shall !e ta#en for e&ery  if no ore was ta#en at the end of eah days operation.
Ans. – 1 Km per lane

71. The a&era"e of four (') measurements on the asphalt ore speimen is to determine the
Ans. – thi#ness

72. The omputation for the ,uantity of !ituminous miture area the ff.
Li&en
Pa&in" len"th represented+ m 9 12
Thi#ness+ m 9 .
Width+ m 9 %.
Total len"th of pa&ement+ m9 %5
4ensity+ "m<m% 9 2.221
Ans. – './' tons

7%. @ain onstituents of asphalt whih is found in nature or as a residue in petroleum refinin".
Ans. – !itumen

7'. Asphalt is a dar#  ementations material+ solid or semi-solid onsisteny

Ans. – !rown to !la#

7. Samplin" !ituminous mies is one (1) sample e&ery

Ans. –  u.m. or 1% m.t.

7/. Samplin" of asphalt is one (1) sample for e&ery

Ans. – 2 drums or ' m.t.

7. Samplin" of solid asphalt is one (1) sample for e&ery

Ans. – 1 l!s.

75. ;epresentati&e ,uantity of one sample in samplin" li,uid asphalt is  sample for e&ery
Ans. – 1 ,uart to 1 "allon

77. 4urin" the !rea#down rollin" of asphalt mi+ it is arried out !y
Ans. – pneumati roller

1. *n rollin" asphalt mi+ what phase of rollin" is to remo&e the mar#s !y the
other roller?
Ans. – final rollin"

11. *deal omposition !ituminous a""re"ates in the asphalt mi.

Ans. – 72 6 to 7/ 6

12. The protetion of hydrated lime added to the miture !y a""re"ate !asis.
Ans. – . to 1. mass perent

1%. The miture of item 2%1 shall ha&e a mass perent air &oids with ran"e of .
Ans. – % to 

1'. A onsisteny test for solid asphalt that determines the hardness of asphalt.
Ans. – Penetration

1. 4etermines the purity of asphalt on how muh !itumen is in the asphalt.
Ans. – asphaltane
1/. The properties of asphalt depend upon this  su!stane whih is solu!le in
petroleum sol&ents.
Ans. – Petrolane

1. *mparts dutility and hi"h !rea# point.

Ans. – resins

15. Apparatus used in the Penetration Test of asphalt.

Ans. – Penetrometer

17. Apparatus used in the 4utility Test of asphalt.

Ans. – dutility mahine

11. Apparatus used in Elash Point Test of asphalt

Ans. – le&eland Fpen up

111. The o!$eti&e is to determine as eonomial !lend !etween "raded a""re"ates and asphalt
in order to produe a pa&ement that would meet the re,uired speifiation.
Ans. – Mo! – mi formula

112. Asphalt ement with water and a little amount of emulsifier+ usually deri&ati&es of salt.

Ans. – mulsified Asphalt

11%. Asphalt ement mied with #erosene+ !la# in olor and li,uid and room temperature.
Ans. – @edium urin" ut – !a# Asphalt

11'. Test speimen re,uired for *tem %11 – Portland ement onrete Pa&ement.
Ans. – onrete !eam

11. ;e,uired slump for PP+ if &i!rated.

Ans. – 1 to ' mm

11/. Eorms for PP shall remain in plae undistur!ed for not less than  hrs. after
onrete pourin".
Ans. – 2'

11. onrete shall !e thorou"hly onsolidated !y means of

Ans. – &i!rator

115. Eleural stren"th of PP when tested at third point.

Ans. – %.5 @pa

117. Trans&erse onstrution $oint is also alled as  is onstruted when there is an
interruption of more than % minutes in the orretin" wor#s.
Ans. – old $oint

12. @iin" time of PP shall not !e less than  or more than 
Ans. – fi&e () seonds+ ninety (7) minutes

121. ompressi&e stren"th of PP tested at 1' days.

Ans. – 2'.1 @pa

122. Slumps for a wor#a!le PP if not &i!rated

Ans. – ' to  mm

12%. 4epth of wea#ened plane $oints should at all times not !e less than .
 Ans. –  mm
12'. 0ars plaed perpendiular to the lon"itudinal $oint of PP.
Ans. – tie !ars

12. Ni!rators shall not !e operated lon"er than  in any one loation.
Ans. – 1 minutes

12/. Eleural stren"th of PP when tested at mid-point.

Ans. – '. @pa

12. Sawin" of $oints of PP shall ommene as soon as the onrete has hardened suffiiently+
usually .
Ans. – within 2' hrs.

125. The surfae of the newly plaed PP shall !e ured for a period of
 .
Ans. – 2 hrs.

127. Bsed as load transfer de&ie and are held in-position parallel to the enterline of the sla!.
Ans. – dowels

1%. urin" ompound shall not !e applied durin" .

Ans. – rain

1%1. Straw urin" on PP shall !e at least  thi# whih is measured after wettin".
Ans. – 2 m.

1%2. The finished produt of miin" a""re"ates with ement and water.
Ans. – onrete

1%%. ;ate of inrease in stren"th is  at hi"h temperature than at low temperature.
Ans. – hi"her

1%'. @ost speifiations for onrete eposed to weatherin" re,uire that water-ement ratio !e
  !y wei"ht.
Ans. – .%

1%. Physial property of onrete that withstand deterioration due to eposure to weatherin"
ation.
Ans. – dura!ility

1%/. F&er sanded and under sanded mitures re,uire more water in order to !e wor#a!le+ !ut
ma#in" it so will+ only result in a sarifie in
Ans. – stren"th

1%. The method ommonly used to test on wor#a!ility of onrete.

Ans. – !all penetration test

1%5. The new method used to test on wor#a!ility of onrete and these tests are readily
made in the field.
Ans. – slump test

1%7. Eor rih mies+ the stren"th of  is the ontrollin" fator.
Ans. – a""re"ates

1'. Stren"th of onrete is prinipally dependent on the .

Ans. – water-ement ration
1'1. lass of onrete that is deposited in water.
Ans. – seal

1'2. lass of onrete used for pre-stressed onrete struture and its mem!er.
Ans. – lass OPD 

1'%. lass of onrete used in footin"s+ missi&e pier shafts and unreinfored or with only a small
amount of reinforement.
Ans. – lass O0D 

1''. lass of onrete used in thin reinfored setions li#e railin"s.

Ans. – lass OD 

1'. Samplin" of Portland ement should !e done in aordane with AAS3TF.

Ans. – T-12

1'/. Fne (1) Sie&e Analysis for e&ery  of onrete a""re"ates or a fration thereof
Ans. – 1+ m%

1'. A minimum wei"ht of  sample shall !e ta#en from eah 2+ !a"s of ement or
fration thereof.
Ans. – 1 #".

1'5. lass of onrete used to all superstrutures and hea&ily reinfored su!strutures.
Ans. – lass OAD 

;N*W 8BST*F>A*;

1. What is the di&idin" line !etween oarse and fine a""re"ates?

Ans. – 2. mm sie&e

2. The depth of the wea#ened plain $oint should at all times not less than
Ans. –  mm

%. Ser&es as load transfer de&ie and are held in position parallel to the surfae and enter line of the
sla! !y a metal de&ie
Ans. – dowel

'. The depth of orru"ation in the surfae pa&ement after !roomin"

Ans. – 1. mm

. The width of wea#ened $oint should not !e more than

Ans. – / mm

/. The fleural stren"th of the onrete !eam sample at 1' days when tested at third point method
Ans. – %.5 @pa

. What is the wei"ht of lass OAD ;iprap stones

Ans. – 1 #"s. to a maimum of 2 #"s. with at least 6 wei"hin" 2 #"s.

5. The proportion of mi of mortar for "routed riprap shall !e

Ans. – one part of ement to % parts of sand
7. The pratie of artifiially densifyin" and inorporatin" and inorporatin" definite density into the
soil mass rollin"+ tamperin" or other means
Ans. – ompation

1. The unit pressure "reater than whih pro"ressi&e settlement will ours leadin" o failure
Ans. – !earin" apaity

11. Speified or seleted materials of desi"ned thi#ness plaed as foundation for pa&ement.
Ans. - !ase

12. The materials in ea&ation (uts) em!an#ment (fills) and em!an#ment foundation immediate
!elow the layer of su!!ase+ !ase or pa&ement and to suh depth as may effet the strutural
desi"n
Ans. – su!-"rade materials

1%. Speified or seleted materials of desi"ned thi#ness plaed as a foundation for !ase
Ans. – su!!ase

1'. A widely used as ontrol test in em!an#ment onstrution to ensure ade,uate ompation
Ans. – field density test

1. A sand used to measure the &olume of test hole in E4T

Ans. – ali!rated sand

1/. What item num!er is Portland ement onrete Pa&ement

Ans. – item %11

1. What are the essential la!oratory test for soil lassifiation
Ans. – "radin" plasti and li,uid limit test

15. Pro&ided alon" the slopes of hi"h em!an#ments as an erosion ontrol measure and to impro&e the
sta!ility of the side slopes
Ans. – !erm

17. What is the o&en dryin" temperature for moisture ontent determination
Ans. – 11  Q 

2. What is the air dryin" temperature?

Ans. – not to eeed /R

21. The primary ,uality ontrol mehanism for the prodution of asphalt miture
Ans. – $o!-mi formula

22. The most ommonly used method in the desi"n and e&aluation of !ituminous onrete mies
Ans. – @arshall Sta!ility @ethod

2%. The most ommon method in determinin" the onsisteny of onrete mi
Ans. – slump test

2'. A 4epartment @emorandum irular+ a re&ised method on E4T

Ans. – 4@ >o. '5
2. *nteronneted ra#s formin" a series of small !lo#s resem!lin" an alli"atorHs s#in or hi#en
wire
Ans. – alli"ator ra#s
2/. A layer of an asphalt a""re"ate miture of &aria!le thi#ness used to eliminate irre"ularities in the
ontent of an eistin" surfae prior to plaement of an o&erlay
Ans. – asphalt le&elin" ourse

2. An appliation of low-&isosity ut!a# to an a!sor!ent surfae or a mied-in appliation of

emulsified asphalt. *t is used only on untreated !ase prior to plaement of an asphalt pa&ement.
Ans. – asphalt prime oat

25. A thin asphalt surfae treatment used to waterproof and impro&e the teture of an asphalt wearin"
surfae.
Ans. - asphalt surfae treatment

27. The upward mo&ement of asphalt in an asphalt pa&ement resultin" in the formation of a film of
asphalt on the surfae.
Ans. – !leedin" flushin" asphalt

%. An appliation of asphalt materials to any type of road or pa&ement surfae with or without a o&er
of mineral a""re"ates that produe an inrease in thi#ness of less than 2mm or 1 inh.
Ans. – asphalt surfae treatment

%1. The loaliCed !u#lin" or shatterin" of a ri"id type pa&ement ourrin" usually at trans&erse ra#
or $oint.
Ans. – !low-up

%2. A &ery li"ht appliation of asphalt applied to an eistin" asphalt or Portland ement surfae+ used
to ensure a !ond !etween the surfae of !ein" pa&ed and the o&erlayin" ourse.
Ans. – asphalt ta# oat

%%. A miture of slow settin" emulsified asphalt+ water+ a""re"ates and mineral filler produe to a
slurry onsisteny and plaed on pa&ement surfae.
Ans. – asphalt emulsion slurry seal

%'. The separation of the pa&ement due to natural auses+ traffi ation or refletions from an
underlyin" pa&ement.
Ans. – ra#

%. The !owl-shape holes of &aryin" siCes in the pa&ement+ resultin" from loaliCed disinte"ration.
Ans. – potholes

%/. A ra# in asphalt o&erlay that reflets the ra# pattern in the pa&ement struture underneath.
Ans. – refleti&e ra#s

%. The pro"ressi&e separation of a""re"ate partiles in a pa&ement from the surfae downward or
from the ed"e inward.
Ans. – ra&elin"

%5. A ra# sometimes resent shaped+ that point in the diretion of the trust of the wheels on the
pa&ement surfae aused !y la# of !ond !etween two pa&ement layer.
Ans. – slippa"e ra#s

%7. Any ondition that mi"ht ontri!ute to ma#in" a pa&ement slippery.

Ans. – s#id haCard

'. The uniform rate of flow of onrete when poured.

Ans. – 1 to 2 u.m. per hour
'1. Bsed to e&aluate the potential stren"th of soil a""re"ate.
Ans. – 0;

'2. Test used to determine the hardness property of ourse a""re"ates.

Ans. – a!rasion test

'%. Test whih "i&es an indiation of lay ontent soil.

Ans. – plastiity inde

''. The soa#ed 0; &alue for *tem 2(su!!ase) at maimum dry density is
Ans. – not less than 26

'. The soa#ed 0; &alue for *tem 21(!ase ourse) at maimum dry density is
Ans. – not less than 56

'/. The mass perent of wear of ourse a""re"ates for !ase materials !y Kos An"eles A!rasion Test.
Ans. – not more than  6

'. The stones used for stone masonry shall ha&e a thi#ness of not less than
Ans. – 1mm

'5. The rate of loadin" for ompressi&e stren"th

Ans. – 2- psi < se.

'7. The temperature for moist urin" of speimen that "i&es the !est result.
Ans. – 1.  to %. 

. The maimum siCe to ourse a""re"ates re,uired for *tem %11 (PP)
Ans. – 2  inhes (/%mm)

1. A pro"ram of ,uality ontrol wor#s to !e omplied !y the ontrator is prepared !y 4PW3.
Ans. – ,uality ontrol pro"ram

2. Presri!ed in eah pro$et !ased on estimated ,uantities. The re,uirements speify the #ind and
num!er of test for eah item of wor#s.
Ans. – minimum testin" re,uirements

%. @emorandum irular >o. here!y direted that all materials men inhar"e in a said pro$et #eep a
lo"!oo# on materials ,uality ontrol.
Ans. – @ I5

'. A department order here!y direted that only test report issued !y the re"ional<distrit la!oratories
of the department and other testin" la!oratories aredited !y the 4PW3 shall !e allowed to !e
used in the aeptane or re$etion of onstrution materials.
Ans. – 4.F. I 1%

. A department order+ here!y direted+ no aeptane and final payment shall !e made on ompleted
onrete and asphalt pa&ements unless ore test for thi#ness determination is onduted.
Ans. – 4.F. I 117

/. A num!er of measurements for onrete ore speimen.

Ans. – 7

. A num!er of measurements for asphalt ore speimen.

Ans. – '
5. A test o&ers the ,uantitati&e determination of !itumen in hot mied pa&in" mitures and
pa&ement samples for speifiation aeptane+ ser&ie e&aluation+ ontrol and researh.
Ans. – etration test

7. The permitted &ariations in desi"n re,uirements of a""re"ates su!!ase materials on surfae
irre"ularity measured !y a %m strai"ht ed"e.
Ans. – 2mm

/. The permitted &ariations in desi"n re,uirements of a""re"ates !ase materials on ross fall or
am!er.
Ans. – .26

/1. *f the re,uired thi#ness for su!!ase or !ase is 1mm or less+ this may!e spread and ompated
in.
Ans. – 1 layer

/2. The in-plae-density (tested !y AAS3TF-T-171) of eah layer should onsistently.

Ans. – at least 76 of the @44

/%. The maimum sie&e openin" for "radin" re,uirement of a""re"ate !ase ourse.
Ans. mm

/'. The !ituminous prime oat materials should !e applied !y a pressure distri!utor at speified
temperature and at an appliation rate ran"in" from
Ans. – 1 to 2 liters < s,.m.

/. The rate of appliation for !ituminous ta# oat materials (item %2) ran"in" from
Ans. – .2 to . liters < s,.m.

//. The P.*. for mineral filler used for 3ot Plant @i 0ituminous Pa&ement
Ans. – not "reater than /

/. The "radation re,uirement used for 3ot @i 0ituminous Pa&ement.
Ans. – "radin" d

/5. The plain" temp. for !ituminous miture measured in the tru# prior to dumpin".
Ans. – should not !e less than 1 R

/7. 3ow many samples or ore drilled samples !e ta#en for eah days full operation.
Ans. – at least one+ !ut not more than %

. Bnsuita!le materials are soils with a li,uid limit eeedin".

Ans. – 5

1. Bnsuita!le materials are soils with natural water ontent eeedin".
Ans. – 5

2. @aterials ontainin" detrimental ,uantities of or"ani material suh as "rass+ roots+ sewera"e
hi"hly or"ani soils suh as peat and mu#.
Ans. – unsuita!le materials

%. The fration passin" the .'2mm (>o.') sie&e for *tem 2 shall ha&e a li,uid limit of
Ans. – not "reater than %

'. The fration passin" the .'2mm (>o.') sie&e for *tem 1' shall ha&e a li,uid limit of
Ans. – not "reater than %
. The fration passin" the .'2mm (>o.') sie&e for *tem 21 shall ha&e a li,uid limit of
Ans. – not "reater than 2

/. The fration passin" the .'2mm (>o.') sie&e for *tem 22 shall ha&e a li,uid limit as
determined !y AAS3TF T-57
Ans. – not "reater than 2

. The fration passin" the .'2mm (>o.') sie&e for *tem 2 shall ha&e a plastiity inde of
Ans. – not "reater than 12

5. The fration passin" the .'2mm (>o.') sie&e for *tem 21 shall ha&e a plastiity inde of
Ans. – not "reater than /

7. The fration passin" the .'2mm (>o.') sie&e for *tem 22 shall ha&e a plastiity inde of
Ans. – not "reater than /

5. The oarse portion+ retained on a 2.mm (>o.1) sie&es for *tem 21 shall ha&e a mass perent
of wear !y the Kos An"eles A!rasion Tests as determined !y AAS3TF – T7/.
Ans. – not eeedin" 

51. The oarse portion+ retained on a 2.mm (>o.1) sie&es for *tem 21 shall ha&e a mass perent
of wear !y the Kos An"eles A!rasion Tests.
Ans. – not eeedin" 

52. The materials passin" the 17mm sie&es for *tem 22 shall ha&e a soa#ed 0; &alue tested
aordin" to AAS3TF T-17%.
Ans. – 26 minimum

5%. The materials passin" the 17mm sie&es for *tem 21 shall ha&e a soa#ed 0; &alue tested
aordin" to AAS3TF T-17%.
Ans. – 56 minimum

5'. The materials passin" the 17mm sie&es for *tem 22 shall ha&e a soa#ed 0; &alue of
Ans. – 56 minimum

5. The oarse portion+ retained on a 2.mm (>o.1) sie&es for *tem 22 shall ha&e a mass perent
of wear !y the Kos An"eles A!rasion Tests of
Ans. – not eeedin" '

ASP3AKT T3>FKFL

1. The primary ontrol mehanism for the prodution of asphalt miture

Ans. – $o!-mi formula

2. The most ommon used method in the desi"n and e&aluation of !ituminous onrete mies.
Ans. – @arshall ommon @ethod

%. A layer of an asphalt a""re"ate miture of &aria!le thi#ness used to eliminate irre"ularities in the
ement of an eistin" surfae prior to plaement of an o&erlay.
Ans. – asphalt le&elin" ourse

'. An appliation of low-&isosity ut!a# to an a!sor!ent surfae+ or mied in appliation of

emulsified asphalt. *t is used only on untreated !ase prior to plaement of an asphalt pa&ement.
Ans. – asphalt prime oat
. A thin asphalt surfae treatment used to waterproof and impro&e the teture of an asphalt wearin"
surfae.
Ans. – asphalt seal ost

/. The upward mo&ement of asphalt in an asphalt pa&ement resultin" in the information of film of
asphalt on the surfae.
Ans. – !leedin" of flushin" asphalt

. An appliation of asphalt materials to any type of road or pa&ement surfae with or without a o&er
of mineral a""re"ates that produe an inrease in thi#ness of less than 2mm or 1 inh.
Ans. – asphalt surfae treatment

5. The loaliCed !u#lin" or shatterin" of a ri"id – type pa&ement+ ourrin" usually at trans&erse
ra# or $oint.
Ans. – !low-up

7. A &ery li"ht appliation of asphalt applied to an eistin" asphalt or Portland ement surfae+ used
to ensure a !ond !etween the surfae of !ein" pa&ed and the o&erlayin" ourse.
Ans. – asphalt tra# oat

1. The separation of the pa&ement due to natural auses+ traffi ation+ or refletions from an
underlayin" pa&ement.
Ans. – ra#

11. The !owl-shape holes of &aryin" siCes in the pa&ement+ resultin" from loaliCed disinte"ration.
Ans. – potholes

12. A ra# in asphalt o&erlays that reflets the ra# pattern in the pa&ement struture underneath.
Ans. – refleti&e ra#s

1%. The pro"ressi&e separation of a""re"ate partiles in a pa&ement from the surfae downward of
from the ed"e inward.
Ans. – ra&elin"

1'. A ra#s sometimes resent shaped that point in the diretion of the trust of the wheels on the
pa&ement surfae aused !y la# of !ond !etween two pa&ement layers.
Ans. – slippa"e ra#s

1. Any ondition that mi"ht ontri!ute to ma#in" a pa&ement slippery.

Ans. – s#id haCard

1/. A department Frder+ here!y direted+ >o aeptane and final payment shall !e made on
ompleted onrete and asphalt pa&ement unless ore test for thi#ness determination is
onduted.
Ans. – 4F I 117

1. A num!er of measurements for asphalt ore speimen.

Ans. – 2

15. A test o&ers the ,uantitati&e determination of !itumen in hot mied pa&in" mitures and
pa&ement samples for speifiation aeptane+ ser&ie+ ser&ie e&aluation+ ontrol and researh.
Ans. – etration test

17. The !ituminous Prime oat materials should !e applied !y a pressure distri!utor at speified
temperature and at an appliation rate ran"in" from
Ans. – 1 to 2 liters<m2
2. The rate of appliation for 0ituminous Ta# oat materials (*tem %2) ran"in" from
Ans. – .2 to . liters<m2

21. The "raduation re,uirement used for 3ot @i 0ituminous Pa&ement
Ans. – "radin" 4

22. The plain" temperature for 0ituminous miture measured in the tru# prior to dumpin"
Ans. – should not !e less than 1 R

2%. 3ow many samples or ore drilled samples !e ta#en for eah days full operation
Ans. – at least one+ !ut more than %

2'. The sol&ent used to test on residue from distillation at 255R of asphalt materials
Ans. – trihloroethylene

2. At least three (%) wee#s prior to prodution+ the ontrator shall su!mit in writin"  for
eah miture supported !y la!oratory test data
Ans. – $o!-mi formula

2/. 4etermines the thi#ness and density of ompated asphalt pa&ement

Ans. – ore test

2. Samplin" of PP<asphalt ore speimens shall !e ta#en form the pa&ement usin"
Ans. – ore drill

25. SiCe of asphalt ore speimen for thi#ness and density determination
Ans. – at least 1mm  1mm (/ in.  / in.)
1mm diameter full depth

27. The diameter of asphalt ore speimens shall !e at least e,ual to

Ans. - four (') times the maimum siCe of a""re"ates

%. The thi#ness of asphalt ore speimens shall !e at least e,ual to

Ans. – one and one-half times the maimum siCe of a""re"ates

%1. F!tainin" asphalt ore speimens for eah full days operation shall !e
Ans. – at least one (1) !ut not more than three (%) ore samples

%2. 4eterminin" the thi#ness of asphalt ore speimens is !y

Ans. – a&era"in" the four sides of the ore samples

%%. 0ituminous miture will !e measured !y

Ans. – tons

%'. The a&era"e of  measures are made on the asphalt ore speimens in determinin" the
thi#ness
Ans. – four (')

%. in !ituminous miture  will not !e permitted as a method of measurement

Ans. – !ath wei"hts

%/. The a&era"e of four measurements on the asphalt ore speimen is to determine the
Ans. – thi#ness

%. The omputation for the ,uantity of !ituminous miture+ are the ff
Li&en
Pa&in" len"th represented+ m 9 12.
 Thi#ness m 9 .
Width+ m 9 %.
Total len"th of pa&ement+ m9 %5.
4ensity+ "m<m% 9 2.221

Ans. – './' tons

%5. @ain onstituents of asphalt whih is found in nature or as residue in petroleum refinin"
Ans. – !itumen

%7. Asphalt is a dar#  ementations material+ solid or semi-solid onsisteny.

Ans. – !rown to !la#

'. Samplin" !ituminous mies is one (1) sample for e&ery

Ans. –  u.m. or 1% m.t.

'1. Samplin" of asphalt is one (1) sample for e&ery

Ans. – 2 drums or ' m.t.

'2. Samplin" of solid asphalt is one (1) sample for e&ery

Ans. – 1 l!s.

'%. ;epresentati&e ,uantity of one (1) sample in samplin" li,uid asphalt is  sample for e&ery
Ans. – 1 ,uart to 1 "allon

''. 4urin" the !rea#down rollin" of asphalt mi+ it is arried out !y

Ans. – steel wheeled roller

'. *n rollin" asphalt mi+ what phase of rollin" is to remo&e the mar#s !y the other rollers
Ans. – final rollin"

'/. A onsisteny test for solid asphalt that determines the hardness of asphalt
Ans. – penetration

'. The properties of asphalt depends upon this  su!stane whih is solu!le in petroleum
sol&ents as >-phases
Ans. – petrolene

'5. *mparts dutility hi"h !rea#point

Ans. – asphaltine

'7. Apparatus used in Penetration Test of asphalt

Ans. – Penetrometer

. Apparatus used in dutility Test as asphalt

Ans. – 4utility @ahine

1. Apparatus used in Elash Point Test of asphalt

Ans. – le&eland Fpen up

2. The o!$eti&e is to determine as eonomial !lend !etween "raded a""re"ates and asphalt in order
to produe a pa&ement that would meet the re,uired speifiation.
Ans. – $o!-mi formula

%. Asphalt ement with water and a little amount of emulsifier+ usually deri&ati&es of salt
Ans. – emulsified asphalt
'. Asphalt ement mied with #erosene+ !lo# in olor and li,uid at room temperature
Ans. – medium urin" ut!a# asphalt

. Whih #ind of mulsified Asphalt that is ne"ati&ely har"e

Ans. – Anioni Asphalt

/. ut!a# asphalt an !e lassified aordin" to eah .

Ans. – &isosity

. Asphalt ement an !e determined or lassified !y their .

Ans. – Penetration Lrade

5. What #ind of asphalt used for $oint fillers?

Ans. – 0lown or FidiCed Asphalt

7. What #ind of asphalt that is mied with a sol&ent?

Ans. – ut!a# asphalt

/. What physial test that determines if the asphalt is o&erheated durin" prodution?
Ans. – spot test

/1. What #ind of asphalt ement that are ommonly used in the Philippines?
Ans. – / to  or 5 to 1

/2. What test that will determine if the asphalt is a "ood !inder?
Ans. – dutility test

/%. Whih of the ff. is not an important property a""re"ates?

Ans. – smoothness

/'. What property of mi that has the a!ility to resist deformation form an imposed load?
Ans. – sta!ility

/. What property of mi that has the a!ility to withstand repeated flein" aused !y the passa"e of
wheel load?
Ans. – fati"ue resistane

//. *n @arshall Sta!ility Test+ whih of the riteria not inluded in determinin" the a&era"e !itumen
ontent?
Ans. – flow

/. Speifi for Air Noids is .

Ans. - %. to .

/5. Li&en @aimum Sta!ility 9 /. 0ul# Speifi Lra&ity 9 2.'7 @aimum
Bnit Wei"ht 9 . Sta!ility 9 1.1
Elow 9 ./ Elow+ 2mm 9 .2
4esi"n Air Noids 9 .2 NEA 9 .

4etermine the Fptimum Asphalt ontent?

Ans. – ./

/7. What property of mi that has the a!ility to offer resistane to slippin" or s#iddin" when mi?
Ans. – s#id resistane

. Li&en Wei"ht of Sample in Air 9 1+155

Wei"ht of Sample in Water 9 
 Wei"ht of Sample in Saturated 4ry 9 1+2%
Speifi Lra&ity of Asphalt 9 2.'5
Speifi Lra&ity of A""re"ates 9 2.

4etermine the 0ul# Speifi Lra&ity of @i?

Ans. – 2.2'

1. Li&en Speifi Lra&ity of Asphalt 9 1.1

Speifi Lra&ity of A""re"ates 9 2.2
6 Asphalt ontent 9 6
6 Air Noids 9 '6

4etermine the @aimum Theoretial Speifi Lra&ity onsiderin" Air Noid?

Ans. – 2.'%

2. What property of mi that has the a!ility to !end sli"htly without ra#in" and to onform to
"radual settlement and mo&ements of the !ase and su!-"rade?
Ans. – flei!ility

%. @ineral filler shall ha&e a plastiity inde of not "reater than .
Ans. – '

'. The prime oat should not !e distur!ed for at least  hrs. and should not !e  to
traffi until it has penetrated and ured effiieny.
Ans. – 2' opened

. mulsified Asphalt is  olloidal dispersion of asphalt in water. *t is  olored !efore use
and turns  when the emulsion is !ro#en.
Ans. – hoolate+ !la#

/. 0ituminous materials should fall with what ran"e of tolerane?

Ans. – (Q<-) .'6

. Temperature of miture shall ha&e a ran"e of tolerane of .

Ans. – (Q<-) 1R

5. Li&en 4ry Sta!ility 9 1+/

Wet Sta!ility 9 1+'
Saturated Sta!ility 9 1+2

4etermine the *nde of retained Stren"th.

Ans. – 5.6

7. What is the initial load employed in sta!ility mahine?

Ans. – 1 psi

5. What is a small air spae that ours !etween the oated a""re"ates partiles in a ompated mi?
Ans. – Air Noids

51. The ompated pa&ement shall ha&e a density e,ual to+ or "reater than+  mass perent of
the density of la!oratory speimen prepared in aordane with the .
Ans. – 7- @arshall Sta!ility Test

52. What is the measure of the resistane or measure of distortion of the speimen?
Ans. – flow inde

5%. Li&en 6 of A+ EA+ @E respeti&ely 9 '+ %+ 2

 Sp. Lr. Ff A+ EA+ @E respeti&ely 9 2.+ 2./+ 2.'

What is the speifi "ra&ity of a""re"ates?

Ans. – 2./1

5'. What do you all the wearin" away of the pa&ement surfae aused !y the dislod"in" of a""re"ate
partile?
Ans. – ra&elin"

5. The upward mo&ement in an asphalt pa&ement resultin" in the formation of a film of asphalt on the
surfae .
Ans. – !leedin"

5/. What is the lon"itudinal surfae depression of the wheel paths?

Ans. – ruttin"

5. Li&en Wei"ht of ori"inal sample 9 1+1' "rams

Wei"ht after tration 9 75 "rams
Fri"inal Wei"ht of filler rin" 9 % "rams
*nrease of Wei"ht in filler rin" 9 % "rams

4etermine the asphalt ontent?

Ans. – .

55. Eor the same streth of road+ no ore test was onduted at the end of eah days operation. Thus+
ores were ta#en for e&ery 1 linear meters of the ompleted pa&ement.

1 m .% 2.2/2

1 m .1 2.%11
1 m .1 2.22
1 m .2 2.2%
1 m . 2.22/

What is the ,uantity?

Ans. – 1/7.2

57. The speimen is tested for sta!ility and flow at  R as speified in the standard proedure
Ans. – % R

7. *n the desi"n of Air Noids+ will draw down a line at .
Ans. – '.

71. Whih of the ff. is not the omponent of Asphalt Plant?

72. 4urin" asphalt onstrution+ what are the ontrolled tests?
Ans. – etration test
- sta!ility
- "radin"

7%. What is the apparatus used to he# the temperature of asphalt mi<
Ans. – Armored Thermometer

7'. What do you all the loaliCed upward displaement of a pa&ement due to swellin" of the su!-"rade
or some portion of the pa&ement struture?
Ans. – uphea&al
 7. What do you all the sla! mo&ement under passin" loads resultin" in the e$etion of mitures of
water+ sand+ lay or silt alon" trans&erse or lon"itudinal $oints?
Ans. – pumpin"

7/. What is the *tem num!er of 0it onrete Surfae ourse+ 1 lot laid?
Ans. - %1

MATERIALS ENGINEERS REVIEW NOTES

SET TWO

1. The standard penetration test (SPT) is an in-situ test that measures what?
Ans. – depth of soil layer

2. Whih of the ff. !ituminous material is !est reommended for sealin" wea#ened plane $oints?
Ans. – $oint filler asphalt (ommonly alled hard asphalt or !lown asphalt)

%. The main pro!lem assoiated with wron" pratie of on&eyin" onrete is alled what?
Ans. – se"re"ation

'. The speifiation all for 12' onrete mi. *n a one !a""er mier+ whih of the ff. amount of
water is most li#ely re,uired for the mi?
Ans. – 2 liters

. A one lane road+ with a pa&ement was desi"ned to ha&e su!!ase and !ase ourses with a
om!ined thi#ness of %mm. *f the thi#ness of the su!!ase is a 12mm+ the spreadin" and
ompation of the su!!ase and !ase ourses sha!!y !e earned out in
Ans. – % layers o&er the full width of '. m.

/. As materials en"ineer+ what is the area of the trial setion that you would reommend to he# the
suita!ility of the materials and effiieny of the e,uipment to !e used for *tem %1 0ituminous
onrete Surfae ourse?
Ans. – a!out  s,.m.

. Per pro"ram of wor#+ the estimated &olume of *tem 21 materials is  u.m. 3ow many
"radin" and plastiity tests are re,uired !ased on the 4PW3 minimum testin" re,uirements?
Ans. – 2 "radin" and 2 plastiity

5. 0ituminous onrete mies ontain asphalt !y wei"ht e,ui&alent to what?

Ans. –  to 5 6

7. 8uality of fatory produed reinfored onrete pipes may !e !est esta!lished throu"h what?
Ans. – Test of onrete pipe samples

1. Where do we ta#e additional ores when the measurement of any ore ta#en from the pa&ement is
defiient in thi#ness !y more than 2mm?
Ans. – at no less than  meter inter&als parallel to the enterline in eah diretion
from the affeted loation

11. The results of the *mmersion-ompression test onduted on an asphalt mi sample are as follows
4ry Sta!ility 9 2+ :pa
Wet Sta!ility 9 1+ :pa

What is the resultin" *nde of ;etained stren"th? 4oes it meet the speifiation re,uirement of
*tem %1+ 0ituminous onrete Surfae ourse?
Ans. –
*nde ;etained Stren"th or *;S 9 Wet sta!ility  1
 4ry sta!ility
9 (1+ :pa<+ :pa)  1
*;S 9 6

=>o+ it does not meet the speifiation of *tem %1 sine the speifiation of *;S is 6 minimum
while the resultin" *;S here is only 6.

12. 8uality ontrol testin" in a 4PW3 pro$et is the responsi!ility of the ?
Ans. – ontrator @aterial n"ineers

1%. As materials en"ineers+ when is the ri"ht time to start samplin" and testin" a""re"ate of the
ourse materials?
Ans. – !efore the ourse materials !e inorporated in the pro$et

1'. The spot test on asphalt is used to determine what?

Ans. – o&erheatin" durin" manufature

1. Bnder what limati onditions do we use the lower penetration "rade or hard asphalt?
Ans. – hot limate

1/. Samplin" of the freshly mied onrete should !e ta#en on the  !ath dishar"e of the
transit mier?
Ans. – middle

1. Soft and unsta!le soils were enountered durin" the ourse of su!-"rade preparation. *f you were
the materials en"ineer assi"ned to the pro$et+ what is the most effeti&e and heaper method that
you would reommend to sta!iliCe the soil prior to the onstrution of the su! !ase ourse?
Ans. – "eotetiles

15. 3ow many times per layer should a onrete speimen molded in a /D/D12D !eam mold !e
rodded?
Ans. – /% times

17. What is the !asis for aeptane or re$etion of any onstrution materials?
Ans. – @aterials Test ;eports
2. *n testin" onrete ylinder sample the load applied should !e ontinuous without sho# at a
onstant rate within the ran"e of  per seond.
Ans. – .1' to .%' @pa per seond or 2 to  psi per seond

21. 4urin" the appliation of the first half of the antiipated load a loadin" shall !e permitted.
Ans. – hi"her rate

22. *nitial rollin" in !ituminous mies shall !e performed with a  roller.
Ans. – Pneumati Tire ;oller

2%. Einal rollin" in !ituminous mies shall !e performed with a  roller.
Ans. – % wheel or tandem type steel wheel roller

2'. ;ollin" of 0ituminous mi shall !e disontinued whene&er it !e"ins to produe eessi&e 
or .
Ans. – pul&eriCin" of the a""re"ate or displaement of the miture

2. Einal rollin" shall !e ontinued until roller mar#s are eliminated and a minimum  mass
perent of the density of the la!oratory ompated a speimen prepared in aordane with
AAS3TF T1/ has !een o!tained.
Ans. – 7 mass perent
2/. Sample from ompated !ituminous mi shall !e neatly ut !y a saw or ore drill. ah sample
shall !e at least .
Ans. – 1mm  1mm or 1mm diameter full depth

2. Eor surfae toleranes the surfae (!ituminous mi) will !e he#ed !y the used of a  at
sites seleted !y the en"ineer.
Ans. – % –m strai"ht ed"e

25. What is the samplin" re,uirement for pa&in" onrete for e&ery  u.m. or fration thereof.
Ans. – one (1) set (onsistin" of % ps.) onrete !eam sample

27. *n testin" !ituminous !eam sample for *mmersion-ompression Sta!ility is soa#ed in water !ath
for  days.
Ans. – ' days or 7/ hrs.

%. Li&en
Wt. of dry a""re"ate 9 7"
Wt. of asphalt 9 "

What is the 6 of asphalt !y wei"ht of total mi?

Ans. – Wt. of total mi 9 wt. of dry a""re"ate. Q wt. of asphalt
9 7 " Q  "
9 1+ "

Thereof ( " < 1+ ")  1 9 6

%1. 4oes the perent asphalt in pro!lem I27 meet the re,uired speifiation for perent asphalt in
!ituminous mies? Why?
Ans. – es+ !eause standard speifiation for perent asphalt in !ituminous mies
is 6 to 56

%2. *f the atual perent asphalt in pro!lem I% is 6 and the perent asphalt in a $o!-mi formula is
./6 did it pass the re,uired tolerane? Why?
Ans. – >o+ !eause the re,uired tolerane for 6 asphalt in a $o!-mi formula is 1-.'6.

%%. Whih is not the duty or responsi!ility of a materials en"ineer?

Ans. – ,uantity of onstrution material

%'. Whih is the duty or responsi!ility of a materials en"ineer?

Ans. – ,uality of onstrution material

%. Pro!lems re"ardin" ,uality of onstrution materials shall !e reported diretly !y the ontratorHs
materials en"ineer to the .
Ans. – 4PW3 @aterials n"ineer

%/. 3ow many onrete ylinder sample is re,uired for a % ps. ;einfored onrete ul&ert Pipes
(;P)?
Ans. – 12 sets (onsistin" of % ps. one+ ylinder per set)

%. *f onrete ylinder is not a&aila!le for a % ps. ul&ert pipes+ how many pipes shall !e su!$eted
to test?
Ans. – / ps+ ul&ert pipes

%5. What #ind of test that re,uires ali!rated sand in fillin" the hole in order to determine the &olume
of hole?
Ans. – Eield 4ensity Test (E4T)
 %7. What test that is usin" a rammer and mold?
Ans. – @oisture-4ensity ;elation Test or ompation Test
'. What #ind of asphalt that has a penetration "rade of  to % mm?
Ans. – 0lown Asphalt

'1. *f there is a neessary to add water to the onrete mi in order to inrease its wor#a!ility (pro&ide
onrete does not eeed speified slump)+ how many minutes after the initial time of miin" does
addin" water !e permitted?
Ans. – not eeedin" ' minutes and that water-ement ration is not eeeded

MATERIALS ENGINEERS REVIEW NOTES

SET THREE

*tem %1 – 0ituminous onrete Surfae ourse+ 3ot Kaid

*tem %1 onsist of onstrutin" a 0ituminous onrete Surfae ourse omposed of

A""re"ates+ mineral filler and !ituminous material mied in a ertain plant.

1. What is the 6 wei"ht of a""re"ates (oarse+ fine and mineral filler) in the miture of 0ituminous
onrete Surfae ourse?
Ans. – 726 to 76

2. What is the perent wei"ht of asphalt in the !ituminous miture?

Ans. – 6 to 56

%. 3ow an we esta!lish the eat perenta"e to !e used in the !ituminous miture?
Ans. – $o!-mi formula

'. What are the two (2) types of !itumen that are ommonly used in !ituminous onrete surfae
ourse?
Ans. – a.) Tar – is a &isous li,uid o!tained from distillation of oal or wood
!.) Petroleum asphalt – are the produts of the distillation of rude oil.

. What are the three (%) ma$or petroleum asphalt produts?

Ans. – a.) Asphalt ement – produed in &arious &isosity "rades the most ommon
Penetration "rade are 2<%+12<1+5<1+/<+'<
!.) ut!a# Asphalt – are asphalt mied with sol&ents to redue their &isosity
.) mulsified Asphalt (Asphalt emulsion) – are miture of asphalt ement and
water with emulsifyin" a"ent.

/. What are the sol&ents for ut!a# asphalt?

Ans. – a.) "asoline for rapid urin" (;) type
!.) #erosene for medium urin" (@) type
.) diesel fuel for slow urin" (S) type

. mulsified asphalts are either  or .

Ans. – a.) ationi emulsion - whih wor# !etter with wet a""re"ates and in old
weather.
!.) anioni emulsion – whih adhere !etter to a""re"ates whih ha&e positi&e
  har"es.

5. What is the !ituminous material ommonly used in *tem %1?

Ans. – Asphalt ement (A)

7. What "reatly influened the ser&ie of an asphalt pa&ement?

Ans. – "rade and ,uantity of asphalt
1. What influened primarily the "rade of asphalt seleted?
Ans. – limati ondition

11. The lower penetration "rade or hard asphalt is used in ?

Ans. – hot limate

12. The hi"her penetration "rade or softer asphalt is used in ?

Ans. – old limate

1%. 3ow many wee#s do a produer of asphalt mi or the ontratorHs shall su!mit the $o!-mi
formula?
Ans. – three (%) wee#s prior to prodution

1'. Who will appro&e the $o!-mi formula?

Ans. – 4PW3 Pro$et n"ineer and @aterials n"ineer

1. The $o!-mi formula ontains pro&isions on the ff.

Ans. – a.) "radin" of a""re"ates
!.) perenta"e and type of asphalt
.) temperature of a""re"ates and asphalt
d.) temperature of miture upon deli&ery or a time of ompation

1/. What is the primary ,uality ontrol mehanism for the prodution of asphalt miture?
Ans. – $o!-mi formula whih shall onform to the ff. ran"es of tolerane
Passin" >o.' and lar"er sie&es U 6
Passin" >o.5 and >o.1 sie&es U '6
Passin" >o.2 sie&es U 26
0ituminous materials U .'6
Temperature of miture U 1 R

1. What is the minimum dry ompressi&e stren"th of the miture?

Ans. – 1.' @pa ( 2 psi )

15. The miture shall ha&e a mass perent air &oids with the ran"e of ?
Ans. – %.6

17. What is the *nde of ;etained Stren"th of the miture?

Ans. – 6 minimum

2. What is the most ommonly used method in the desi"n and e&aluation of !ituminous onrete
mies?
Ans. – @arshall Sta!ility @ethod

21. The ,uality ontrol tests for asphalt mi are the ff.
Ans. – a.) *mmersion ompression Test – determines the *nde of ;etained Stren"th of
the mi.
!.) tration and Lradin" Test – determines the asphalt ontains and partile
siCe distri!ution of oarse and fine a""re"ates
.) Ka!oratory 4ensity Test – determines the de"ree and ompation

22. What is the orret temperature that the miture shall !e plaed as measured in the tru# $ust
prior to dumpin" into the spreader?
Ans. – 1 R

2%. When Tar is used+ what is the temperature that the miture shall !e plaed?
Ans. – // R to 1 R
 2'. When the ompation is !e done in order to attain the re,uired density?
Ans. – when the miture is still hot and wor#a!le

2. What is to !e done in order to determine the num!er of passes that would attain the re,uired
density?
Ans. – trial setion

2/. What ontrol durin" the miin" and ompation is of "reat si"nifiane in the stren"th of the
resultin" pa&ement?
Ans. – temperature

2. What #ind of roller should !e used for the initial or !rea#down ompation?
Ans. – Pneumati Tire ;oller (not less than 1 tons)

25. Eor the final ompation and smoothin" what #ind of roller must !e used?
Ans. – Tandem smooth wheeled roller (not less than 1 tons)

27. What is the speed of the roller?

Ans. –  #ms.<hour

%. 3ow the rollin" is !e done?

Ans. – *t should !e"in from the sides and proeed lon"itudinally parallel toward the
road enter line+ eah trip o&erlappin" one half of the rollerHs width.

%1. After the final rollin" what should !e he#?

Ans. – 4e"ree of ompation

%2. The ompated pa&ement shall ha&e a density e,ual to or "reater than ?
Ans. – 76 of the la!oratory ompated density

%%. When the traffi is !e permitted to enter the pa&ement?

Ans. – when the pa&ement has ooled to atmospheri temperature

%'. 3ow many samples shall !e ta#en for eah full dayHs operation?
Ans. – at least one !ut not more than three (%) ore samples

%. What is the dimension of the samples ta#en full depth from the finished pa&ement for thi#ness
determination?
Ans. – 1mm  1mm or 1mm diameter

%/. 3ow is the sample ta#en form the finished pa&ement?

Ans. – ore drill or saw

%. 3ow the surfae le&el of the finished pa&ement is !e he#ed?

Ans. – !y the used of %m strai"ht ed"e

%5. The &ariation of the surfae from the testin" ed"e of the strai"ht-ed"e !etween ontats with the
surfae shall not eeed.
Ans. – /mm

%7. What determines the thi#ness and density of ompated asphalt pa&ement?
Ans. – ore test

*T@ %11
'. What is the stren"th re,uirement (Eleural Stren"th) of a onrete when tested !y third point
loadin" method?
Ans. – %.5 @pa ( psi)

'1. *f >o+ ' are tested !y midpoint method what is the stren"th re,uirements?
Ans. '. @pa (/ psi)

'2. What is the ompressi&e stren"th of the PP (Portland ement onrete Pa&ement) when tested
at 1' days?
Ans. – 2'.1 @pa (% psi)

'%. What is the slump of a wor#a!le onrete if not &i!rated?

Ans. – '-mm
=if &i!rated the slump is 1-'mm

''. What #ind of forms are to !e used in item %11?

Ans. – steel forms and on depth e,ual to the thi#ness of the pa&ement

'. 3ow lon" shall the forms remain undistur!ed after onrete pourin"?
Ans. – 2' hrs.

'/. When onrete is mied in a entral miin" plant how many seonds is the miin" time?
Ans. – not less than  seonds or more than 7 seonds

'. *n transportin" onrete what is the time elapsed from the time water added to the mi until the
onrete is deposited in plae at the site?
Ans. – it shall not eeed ' minutes if hauled in non a"itatin" tru#s and 7 minutes
when hauled in tru# miers or tru# a"itators.

'5. 3ow is onrete onsolidated?

Ans. – !y the used of &i!rator inserted in the onrete &ertially

'7. 3ow many seonds does the &i!rator !e operated in one loation?
Ans. – 1 seonds

. What #ind of sample should !e ta#en on a onrete pa&ement?

Ans. – onrete !eam sample

1. 3ow many sets of sample shall !e ta#en from %% s,.m. of pa&ement?
Ans. – 1 set onsistin" of % onrete !eam tests speimens or fration thereof 

2. *f the lanes are onreted separately+ what #ind of $oint in a form of #ey or #eyway is used?
Ans. – lon"itudinal onstrution $oint

%. What #ind of !ars are plaed perpendiular to the $oint stated in no..2?
Ans. – deformed steel tie !ars

'. What is the other name of trans&erse ontration $oint?

Ans. – wea#en planed $oint

. What is the depth of the wea#en plane $oint when sawed with a onrete saw?
Ans. – not less than mm

/. The width of the wea#en plane $oint is ?

Ans. – not more than /mm
. When is the ri"ht time to saw the wea#en plane $oint?
Ans. – within 2' hrs. as soon as onrete has hardened suffiiently

5. What shall !e done if ra#s appear at or near the $oint prior to the time of sawin"?
Ans. – sawin" shall !e omitted

7. Tie !ars shall not !e oated or painted with ?

Ans. – asphalt or other materials

/. What is the metal de&ie that is used as a load transfer de&ie held in a position parallel to the
surfae and enter line of the sla! of pa&ement?
Ans. – dowels

/1. To protet dowels from orrosion and to failitate slidin" in onrete+ it shall !e oated with
 ?
Ans. – thin film of !itumen

/2. The surfae of the pa&ement shall !e rou"hened !y means of ?

Ans. – !roomin"

/%. What is the depth of the orru"ate produed !y !roomin" in the surfae of the pa&ement?
Ans. – 1.mm

/'. The surfae of the newly plaed onrete when it is suffiiently set shall !e ured for a period of
 ?
Ans. – 2 hrs.

/. The urin" of the pa&ement is done on the ff.

Ans. – !y o&erin" the onrete with mats saturated with water
- thorou"hly wettin" the pa&ement
- !y pondin"
- !y applyin" urin" ompound immediately after finishin" of the
surfae

//. When the ri"ht time is the $oint !e sealed?

Ans. – after the urin" period or !efore it is opened to traffi

/. What is the *tem ' in a 4PW3 speifiation?

Ans. – Lrouted ;iprap

/5. What is *tem  in a 4PW3 speifiation?

Ans. – Stone @asonry

/7. What is the differene !etween *tem ' J ?

Ans. – plaement of stone or !oulders and the ration of ement and fine sand.

. What is the ration of fine a""re"ates to ement num!er of !a"s for "rout in *tem  J ?
Ans. – for *tem '+ it is 1 part ement % parts fine sand (1%)
- for *tem + it is 1 part ement 2 parts fine sand (12)
MATERIALS ENGINEERS REVIEW NOTES
SET FOUR 

1. What is the latest state of the art e,uipment ontainin" a radioati&e material whih is
ommonly used in the ompation ontrol of earth and asphalt road onstrution and in the
measurement of moisture ontent?
Ans. – nulear density "au"e (>4L)

2. What is the instrument that is used for eaminin" the ,uality of ri"id materials suh as ro#s
and onrete? (This instrument or e,uipment is a non-destruti&e porta!le instrument with
dimensions of 11  15  1/mm and the main uses inlude the determination of onrete
stren"th (either in-situ or pre-ast+ also to determine the presene of &oids+ ra#s and other
imperfetions.)
Ans. – pundit ultrasoni onrete tester

%. What is the instrument or e,uipment used for surfae test of onrete and asphalt pa&ements
as soon as the asphalt mi has !een initially ompated?
Ans. – %-meter strai"ht-ed"e

'.  is an instrument used to measure pa&ement defletions resultin" from &ehile wheel
loadin"s. The results of the elasti deformation tests are used to e&aluate the strutural
onditions of roads+ and to help in the desi"n of road stren"thenin" measures and road apaity
impro&ements.
Ans. – 0en#elman 0eam and 4efletion Ko""er

.  is a manually-operated de&ie for deri&in" a measurement of rou"hness from the

surfae profile+ whih may !e epressed in terms of *nternational ;ou"hness *nde (*;*)
Ans. – @;K*> ;oad ;ou"hness @easurin" 4e&ie

/. What is the instrument that is used to pinpoint re!arHs+ onduits+ pipes+ nails and other metals
em!edded in onrete !efore uttin" or drillin"?
Ans. – re!ar loator

.  is e,uipment whih is used to measure differential defletions !etween $oints of a

onrete pa&ement+ to determine the modulus of the eistin" sla!s for use in the desi"n of an
o&erlay+ and to estimate the remainin" life of an eistin" pa&ement.
Ans. – fallin" wei"ht defletometer

5.  is used for the rapid in-situ measurement of the strutural properties of eistin" with
un!ound "ranular materials.
Ans. – 4ynami one Penetration (4P)

7. *n the onstrution of !rid"e pro$ets+ what is the method used to determine the astin" len"th
of the re"ular piles?
Ans. – test pilin"

1. What is the thinnest ut-!a# asphalt?

Ans. – @-%+

MATERIALS ENGINEERS REVIEW NOTES

SET FIVE

1. The onrete pa&ement surfae shows hi"h spots of 1mm in a %-meter strai"ht ed"e. The
onrete in the area represented !y these hi"h spots.
Ans. - shall !e remo&ed and replaed
 = !ut if hi"h spots !ein" noted eeeds %mm+ !ut not e eedin"
12mm it shall !e "round down only.

2. Steel !ars plaed alon" lon"itudinal $oints to hold the ad$oinin" sla!s to"ether are alled
Ans. – tie !ars

%. Whih of the ff. is authoriCed to test materials for use in 4PW3 pro$ets?
Ans. – any 4PW3 – aredited pri&ate testin" la!oratory

'. To he# the "radation of a""re"ates and the asphalt ontent of laid !ituminous onrete miture+
it shall !e sampled and tested for
Ans. – etration test

. Eor eah full dayHs operation+ how many asphalt ore samples must !e ta#en for thi#ness
determination?
Ans. – at least one !ut not more than three ore samples

/. @oisture density relation test determines

Ans. – maimum dry density and optimum moisture ontent of soil

. Thi#ness of in-plaed su!-!ase oarse an !e determined !y

Ans. – test pittin"

5. To determine the optimum moisture ontent of soil

Ans. – moisture density relation test

7. Soil sta!iliCin" a"ent

Ans. – lime- for sil#y and layey soil

1. Type of emulsified asphalt that wor#s !etter with wet a""re"ates and old weather
Ans. – ationi emulsion

11. Water ontent at whih passes form plasti to li,uid state.

Ans. – li,uid limit

12. Another name of hot asphalt.

Ans. – asphalt ement

MATERIALS ENGINEERS REVIEW NOTES

SET SIX

1. Portland ement onrete pa&ement is what *tem in 4PW3 SpeHs.?

Ans. – *tem %11

2. onrete area represented !y the ores will !e onsidered ade,uate if the a&era"e stren"th is
e,ual to?
Ans. – 56 of the re,uired stren"th

%. Kum!er is onsidered as well – seasoned if the moisture ontent is ?

Ans. – 12 – 156

'. Soils an !e lassified aordin" to "rain siCe and plastiity?

Ans. – yes

. Thi#ness determination for 1#m onrete pa&ement. 3ow many ores shall !e ta#en?
Ans. – <lane
/. The resistane of !ituminous mi to moisture dama"e is determined !y .
Ans. – *nde of ;etained Stren"th (*;S)

. The a&era"e ompressi&e stren"th of a load !earin" onrete hollow !lo#s is .
Ans. – 1+ psi

5. 0leedin" of asphalt in !ituminous surfae ourse means .

Ans. – o&er asphalt mi

7. What is the result of o&er &i!ration of onrete mi?

Ans. – se"re"ation of a""re"ates

1. What is the orreted measurement for 2%./mm onrete ore?

Ans. – 2%.mm

11. What are the other terms for partile siCe analysis?
Ans. – sie&e analysis
- mehanial analysis
- "radin" test<analysis

12. What is li,uid-limit?

Ans. – it is the lowest moisture ontent at whih the soil will flow upon the appliation
of a &ery small shearin" fore

1%. The li,uid limit is epressed as the moisture ontent orrespondin" to what num!er of !lows?
Ans. – 2 !lows

1'. What is plasti limit?

Ans. – it is the minimum moisture ontent at whih the soil an !e readily molded
without !rea#in" or rum!lin"

1. What #ind of water shall !e used in la!oratory test espeially if it deals with hemials?
Ans. – distilled water

1/. Ki,uid limit !rass up with sample is raised and allowed to drop sharply on the !ase throu"h a
hei"ht of what?
Ans. – 1mm

1. 3ow many rotations per seond will the ran# of a li,uid limit de&ie are rotated?
Ans. – 2 rotations per seond

15. *n doin" plasti limit tests to what diameter will the soil thread will !e"in to !rea#?
Ans. – %.2mm (1<5D)

17. What is the formula for plasti limit?

Ans. – PK9 (Wa – W!) < W!  1
whereWa 9 ori".wt. rum!led soil thread
W! 9 wt. of o&en-dried rum!led soil

2. What is the Plasti *nde (P*)?

Ans. – it is the differene !etween the li,uid limit and plasti limit
or P* 9 KK - PK

21. What is speifi "ra&ity?

Ans. – it is used in a "ra&imetri-&olumetri relationship in soils+ (or defined as the
ratio of the wt. in air of an e,ual &olume of water at a stated temp.)
22. What is the approimate area for density ontrol strips?
Ans. – %% s,.m.

2%. What is the maimum depth of roadway em!an#ments per horiContal layer in loose measurement?
Ans. – 2mm (5D)

2'. What item of wor# is em!an#ment?

Ans. – *tem 1'

2. What is the #ind of material use for *tem 2?

Ans. – a""re"ate su!-!ase ourse

2/. What is the re,uired partile siCe for seleted !orrow for toppin" under *tem 1' (em!an#ment)?
Ans. – all partile siCe will pass a sie&e mm or %D s,uare openin"s and not more
than 16 mass will pass .mm (>o.2) AAS3TF T-11

2. P.*. re,uirement for *tem 1' (seleted ommon !orrow) is what?
Ans. – / maimum

25. KK re,uirements for *tem 1' (seleted ommon !orrow) are what?
Ans. – % maimum

27. What is the KK re,uirement for *tem 2 (a""re"ate su!-!ase ourse) passin" sie&e I'?
Ans. – % maimum

%. P.*. re,uirement of materials passin" sie&e I' for *tem 2?
Ans. – 12 maimum

%1. oarse portion retained on sie&e I1 (2.mm) for *tem 2 shall ha&e a mass perent of wear !y
Kos An"eles a!rasion test of what?
Ans. – 6 maimum

%2. The re,uired 0; &alue for *tem 2?

Ans. – 26 minimum (AAS3TF T-15 method 4)

%%. What is the minimum 6 field density or de"ree of ompation for *tem 1' (em!an#ment)?
Ans. – 76 minimum

%'. What is the minimum de"ree of ompation for *tem 2 and 21?
Ans. – 16 minimum

%. What is the hi"hest point in moisture density ur&e of the moisture density relation test or
ompation test of soil represents?
Ans. – @44 (@aimum 4ry 4ensity) and F@ (Fptimum @oisture ontent)

%/. What is the re,uired siCe of ali!rated sand used for Eield 4ensity Test?
Ans. – any lean+ dry+ free –flowin"+ unemented sand passin" I1 and retained
I2 sie&es

%. What is the de"ree of ompation of soil ha&in" a maimum dry density 2+2 #".<u.m. and wet
density of soil from hole e,ui&alent to 2 +%% #".<u.m. and an a&era"e moisture ontent of 5.56?
6 4e"ree of ompation 9 (4ry 4ensity) < @a 4ry 4ensity)  1
Where
4ry 4ensity 9 Wet 4ensity < (1Q@<1)
Wet 4ensity 9 Wt. of soil filled in hole<&olume of hole
 6 4e"ree of ompation 9 (1+%%) < V1Q (5.5 < 1)
2.2
9 (2+1'.1 < 2+2)  1
9 7.%'6
%5. *s the soil for >o.' passed the *tem 1' re,uirement for 6 4e"ree of ompation?
Ans. – es

%7. What are the test and num!er of test needed for 1+5 u.m. *tem 1'?
L or Lradin" 9 2
P or Plastiity 9 2
 or ompation 9 2
4 or 4ensity 9 three in-situ density tests< s,.m.

'. What are the test and num!er of test needed for 2+75 u.m. A""re"ates 0ase ourse (*tem 21)?
L 9 1
P 9 1
92
4 9 three in- situ density tests< s,.m.
0; 9 2 (1 test for e&ery 2+ u.m. or fration thereof)
892

'1. What are the apparatus<materials uses for Eield 4ensity Test?
Ans. – sand one+ $u" (at least ' liters)+ "uide plate+ moisture ans+ sand wei"hin"
sale+ o&en with temperature ontrol+ hisel+ or di""in" tools+ plasti !a"s
and la!elin" materials (ta" name)

'2. What is the standard diameter of an orifie in E4T sand one?

Ans. –  inh (12.mm)

'%. 30 is tested to determine its moisture ontent and .

Ans. – stren"th

''. 8uality of Portland ement sent to the la!oratory for testin".

Ans. – 1 #".

'. A set of three !eam samples is onduted representin"  u.m. of onrete.
Ans. – 

'/. Two ma$or omponents of onrete selet two answers

Ans. – paste and mineral a""re"ates

'. ;e"ardless of use+ the "radin" of a""re"ates should !e

Ans. – uniform

'5. The type of Portland ement used in 4PW3 pro$ets.

Ans. – type 1

'7. 4etermines the proportion of the in"redients that will produed onrete of proper wor#a!ility when
fresh and the.
Ans. – 4esi"n @i

. The maimum permissi!le water-ement ration for stren"th of %+ psi.
Ans. – .5

1. The onsisteny of onrete miture is determined in the field !y

Ans. – slump test
2. Eor e&ery  u.m. of onrete poured+ a minimum of  ylinder sample are ta#en in eah
day of pourin".
Ans. – %

%. When tested at 1' days+ the ompressi&e stren"th of onrete is

Ans. – %+ psi

'. Eorms of onrete pa&ement shall not de&iate from true line !y more than  at any point.
Ans. – 1 m

. When hauled in non-a"itatin" tru#s+ the time elapsed from the water is added to the mi until
onrete is deposited in plaed shall not eeed .
Ans. – ' minutes maimum

/. The depth of the wea#ened plane $oint should at all times not less than
Ans. –  mm

. @inimum ompressi&e stren"th of onrete

Ans. – 2+' psi

5. Trans&erse ontration $oint is also alled

Ans. – wea#ened plane $oint

7. Ni!rators shall not !e operated lon"er than  in any one loation.
Ans. – 1 seonds

F>;T ALL;LATS A>4 F>;T

/. 3ow many hours does a fine a""re"ates tested for speifi "ra&ity and a!sorption !e soa#ed in
water?
Ans. – 1 to 17 hrs.

/1. 3ow to determine if the fine a""re"ates reahes the saturated surfae dry ondition?
Ans. – it is determine !y the use of one test for surfae moisture and if the molded
shape of fine a""re"ates slumps sli"htly+ it indiates that it has reahed a
surfae dry ondition.

/2. What are the tests re,uired for onrete a""re"ates?

Ans. – a.) Eine A""re"ates 9 "radin"+ speifi "ra&ity+ a!sorption+ dry unit wt.
!.) ourse A""re"ates 9 "radin"+ speifi "ra&ity+ a!sorption+ dry unit
wt. and a!rasion

>ote soundness is also tested as per re,uest.

/%. What is the maimum mass 6 of wear !y Kos An"eles A!rasion Test?
Ans. – '6 maimum

/'. What is the re,uired speed of Kos An"eles A!rasion @ahine per minute?
Ans. – % to %% mm

/. What is the siCe or diameter and wei"ht of ast-iron spheres use in a!rasion?
Ans. – approimately '/.5 mm diameter and eah wei"hin" !etween
%7-' "rams
//. What is the re,uired total wt. of sample for a!rasion test of oarse a""re"ate+ "radin" A with 12
num!ers of spheres?
Ans. – + "rams U2 "rams

/. What is the si"nifiane of a!rasion test?

Ans. – it e&aluates the strutural stren"th of oarse a""re"ates
- "i&es an indiation of ,uality as determined !y resistane to impat and wear
- it determines whether the a""re"ates will ha&e de"radation durin" traffi of
rollin"

/5. 8uality test for ement is represented !y how many !a"s of ement?
Ans. – 2+ !a"s or tration thereof 

/7. What is the sie&e use in sie&in" materials form A!rasion @ahine?
Ans. – sie&e I 12 (1.mm)

. Testin" mahines should !e ali!rated one e&ery si (/) months if possi!le !ut if it is not possi!le
what is the re,uired time should the mahine !e ali!rated?
Ans. – one a year

1. Perent tolerane of error in ali!ratin" the mahines.

Ans. - U 16

2. What is the sample for onrete pa&ement?

Ans. – onrete !eam sample

%. 3ow many samples should !e ta#en for e&ery  u.m. fresh onrete?
Ans. – % ps. sample or 1 set sample

'. What is the sample for strutural onrete?

Ans. – onrete ylinder sample

. What is the test use to determine the onsisteny of onrete?

Ans. – slump test

/. 3ow to ompute for the slump of onrete?

Ans. – slump 9 hei"ht of slump one – hei"ht of fresh one after su!sidene

. 3ow to ompute for the ompressi&e stren"th of onrete ylinder sample?
S 9 P
A where  P 9 load+ l!s
A 9 area+ s,. in

A 9 X42 9 25.2 in s,
'

5. At what a"e should a onrete !eam sample !e tested for fleural test?
Ans. – 1' days

7. 3ow to ompute the fleural stren"th of onrete !eam sample tested at third Point Koadin"?
; 9 PK
A where ; 9 modulus of rapture
9 P (1/H) P 9 load in l!s. of tons
/D/D/D K 9 span len"th in inhes
9P 0 9 !ase in inhes
12 A 9 depth in inhes
5. What is the minimum fleural stren"th for third point loadin" test?
Ans. – %.5 @pa ( psi)

51. What is the minimum fleural stren"th for enter point loadin" test?
Ans. – '. @pa (/ psi)
52. 3ow to ompute for fleural stren"th at enter point loadin" test?
; 9 % PK
2 !d2
9 % P (1/)
2 (/) (/)

5%. Whih part of the !ath for fresh onrete should the sample !e ta#en from a stationary miers+
re&ol&in" drum tru# miers or a"itators?
Ans. – two or more re"ular inter&als durin" dishar"e of middle portion of the !ath

5'. What is the siCe of the tampin" rod use in samplin" onrete?
Ans. – 1/mm (<5 inhes) diameter and /1mm (2' inhes) lon" with the tampin"
end rounded to a hemispherial tip of the same diameter as the rod.

FT3; F>ST;BT*F> @AT;*AKS

5. onrete masonry (hollow !lo#s) if su!$eted to test how many sample is re,uired?
Ans. – / ps. < 1+ units = 12 ps. if more than 1+ units

5/. What is the stren"th re,uirement for loadin" !earin" onrete masonry units?
Ans. – indi&idual 9 . @pa (% psi) minimum
a&era"e (for % samples) 9 /.7 @pa (1+ psi) minimum

5. 3ow a!out for non-load !earin" onrete masonry units what is the re,uired stren"th?
Ans. – indi&idual 9 %.' @pa ( psi) minimum
a&era"e (for % samples) 9 '.1' @pa (/ psi) minimum

55. What is the si"nifiane of testin" reinforin" steel !ars?

Ans. – to determine the yield and tensile stren"th of the !ar as well as its elon"ation
and is used to lassify the !ars into "rade

57. What is the re,uired len"th of ;S0 for testin"?

Ans. – 1 meter < 1+ #"s. < siCe < shipment

7. What is the si"nifiane of !endin" test for ;S0?

Ans. – to e&aluate the dutile properties of ;S0

71. What is the re,uired siCe of test speimen for L.*. Sheets?
Ans. – /mm  /mm (% ps. from one (1) sheet < 1+ sheets

72. What is the re,uired sample for paints?

Ans. – 1 an ("al. or pail) < 1 ans ("al. or pail)

7%. What #ind of paint that has a refletane in the form of !eads?
Ans. – refletoriCed traffi plant

7'. What is the ommon omponent of house paints?

Ans. – pi"ment and &ehile
7. What is this onstrution material that is dar# !rown to !la# ementations material in whih the
predominatin" onstituents are !itumen?
Ans. – asphalt

7/. What asphalt is ommonly alled hot asphalt?

Ans. – asphalt ement
7. What is li,uid asphalt?
Ans. – ut-!a# asphalt and emulsified asphalt

75. What is the use of !lown asphalt or hard asphalt?

Ans. – use as $oint filler or water proofin"

77. SS-* or SS-*3 is what #ind of asphalt?

Ans. – slow settin" emulsified asphalt

1. What are the three #inds of emulsified asphalt?

Ans. – rapid settin"+ medium settin"+ slow settin"

11. What asphalt ontains water?

Ans. – emulsified asphalt

12. What is the penetration "rade for !lown asphalt?

Ans. –  to %

1%. What is the ideal penetration "rade of asphalt use in tropial re"ions?
Ans. – 5 to 1 (!ut some uses / to )

1'. Ta# oat is use in an eistin" !ituminous of onrete pa&ement. True or false?
Ans. – true

1. What is the rate of appliation for !ituminous ta# oat?

Ans. – .2 to . K<m2

1/. What is the re,uired siCe of test speimen for L.*. sheets?
Ans. – / mm  / mm (% ps. from one (1) sheet) < 1+ sheets

1. What is the re,uired sample for paints?

Ans. – refletor Ced traffi paint

15. What is the ommon omponent of house paints?

Ans. – pi"ment and &ehile

17. What is this onstrution material that is dar# !rown to !la# ementations
material in whih the predominatin" onstituents are !itumen?
Ans. – asphalt

11. What asphalt is ommonly alled hot asphalt?

Ans. – asphalt ement

111. Eor how many hours or how lon" shall a !ituminous prime oat left
undistur!ed?
Ans. – 2' hrs.

112. What #ind of asphalt is use as prime oat?

Ans. – ut-!a# asphalt (medium urin" or rapid urin")
 11%. 0ituminous prime oat is use to treat the surfae of !ase ourse. True or false?
Ans. – true

11'. >o ta# oat or prime oat shall !e applied when the weather is fo""y or rainy.
True or false?
Ans. – true

11. What #ind of asphalt is use as ta# oat?

Ans. – ut-!a# asphalt (rapid urin") or emulsified asphalt

11/. Where should the !ituminous seal oat !e used?

Ans. – on an eistin" !ituminous surfae ourse with or with out an appliation
of a""re"ates.

11. *f onrete ylinder sample for ;P is not a&aila!le for ompressi&e test+ one
(1) whole piee ;P for e&ery  piees ;P will !e su!mitted for ,uality
test. True or false?
Ans. – true

115. Fne set (% ps.) onrete ylinder sample shall !e ta#en for e&ery how many
piees of ;P?
Ans. – 2 piees

REVIEW FOR MATERIALS ENGINEERS ACCREDITATION

F>;T

1. The most important fator affetin" the stren"th of onrete.

Ans. – water – ement ratio

2. As wor# pro"resses in a onrete pa&ement onstrution samplin" of onrete for fleural stren"th
test determination should !e ta#en usin"
Ans. – !eam mold G /% stro#es per layer

%. *n order to determine the onsisteny of a onrete miture+ the most ommon method is
Ans. – slump test

'. The stren"th le&el of onrete for *tem %.11 will !e onsidered satisfatory if
Ans. – the a&era"e of all sets of three (%) onseuti&e stren"th test results e,uals or
eeed the speified stren"th and no indi&idual result is defiieny !y 1 6 of
the speified stren"th.

. *n onrete pa&in" a wor#a!le onrete should ha&e a slump of

Ans. – '-mm if not &i!rated

/. When transportin" onrete in a non-a"itatin" tru#+ the time elapse from the time the water is
added to the mi until the onrete is deposited in plae at site
Ans. – shall not !e eeedin" ' minutes

. *n a onrete pa&in"+ 1+/5 !a"s of ement shall !e onsumed up to its ompletion+ ompute for
the num!er of ,uality test re,uired.
Ans. – 7

5. A lass 0 onrete re,uires a minimum ompressi&e stren"th of

Ans. – 2+' psi
7. Fne of the most important harateristis of onrete is wor#a!ility+ whih "enerally mean
Ans. – the onrete mi ould !e easily plaed without se"re"ation

1. Sawin" of onstrution $oint shall !e done when the onrete is suffiiently hardened usually at
Ans. – 2' hrs.

11. A non-load !earin" hollow !lo#s should ha&e an indi&idual stren"th re,uirement a&era"e of
Ans. – at least %.' @pa ( psi)+ '.1' @pa (/ psi) minimum

12. What is *tem ?

Ans. – Stone @asonry