5. Bread can be prepared from a mixture of flour, yeast, sugar and water.

The resulting
mixture is called dough. An investigation was carried out to compare two types of dough,
one of which contained a flour improver and the other did not.
Dough A was prepared without a flour improver and dough B with a flour improver.
Figure 1 below shows the dough in two measuring cylinders after 20 minutes. Table 1
below shows the volumes of dough A and dough B in the measuring cylinders at different
time.

Figure 1:
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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Table 1:

Time (minutes) Volume of dough A (cm3) Volume of dough B (cm3)

0 20 20

10 27 32

20

30 44 50

40 50 63

(a) Complete Table 1 by filling in the volumes of dough A and dough B in the measuring
cylinders shown in Figure 1. (2 marks)

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 (b) (i) Plot a graph to show the results in Table 1. (5 marks)
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 (ii) Describe the results as shown in the graph. (2 marks)

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(iii) Use your graph to find the time at which there is the greatest difference in volume
between dough A and dough B. (1 mark)

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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(c) Suggest two other factors which should be kept constant to ensure that the results for the
samples can be compared. (2 marks)

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 5. The diagram below shows the apparatus used to investigate the effect of bile on the digestion of
lipids in milk by lipase. The reaction mixture contained milk, sodium hydrogencarbonate
solution and the lipase. In set-up 1, bile was added. In set-up 2, water was added to replace the
bile. The pH in each set-up was recorded at 2-minute intervals.

pH meter
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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

pH sensor Reaction mixture

The results of the two set-ups are given in the table below.

pH
Time (minutes)
Set-up 1: with bile Set-up 2: without bile
0 9.0 9.0
2 8.8 9.0
4 8.7 9.0
6 8.1 8.8
8 7.7 8.6
10 7.6 8.2

(a) State two controlled variables of this experiment. (2 marks)

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(b) Suggest what was produced in each set-up that caused the fall in pH. (1 mark)

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(c) (i) Plot a graph on the opposite page to show the results. (5 marks)

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 (c) (ii) Compare the average rate of fall in pH between 4 minutes and 8 minutes in set-ups 1 and
2. (1 mark)

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(iii) Explain why there is such a difference. (3 marks)

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(d) Draw a conclusion from the above experiment. (1 mark)

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