TIME VALUES

A note is a sign which shows the duration of a note.

It has a notehead and a stem and also a tail or flag,
when the value of a note is made shorter.
Here is a table with most of the symbols of
modern music notation
A rest tells us how long a silence there is in the music.
When writing music on the bottom half of the stave the
stems on notes go upwards and on the top half of the
stave the stems go downwards.
 The pitch of the note remains the same from piece to
piece but the duration of a note changes according to the
speed or tempo the composer gives to it.
If a = 45
is written at the top of a sheet of music, it means that
there are 45 crotchets to a minute.
A metronome is used for regulating the speed.
 A dot after a note . or a rest increases its value by half.
So a dotted crotchet equals three quavers and a dotted
minim rest 3 crotchet rests. If you have 2 dots after a note
or rest, this adds half the value of the first dot again.

. is called a double-dotted note

. is a double-dotted rest
 A tie (or bind) joins 2 notes of the same pitch so they
become one continuous note.
The duration of the sound is the sum of their combined
values.
Triplets are 3 notes which are played in the time space of
2 notes: the number 3 is placed above or below the notes