GROUP A

COX’s BAZAR

Course Title: National Culture and Heritage

Course ID: NCH101

Section: 4

Submitted to: Mohammad Masud Rana

Student’sName Student’sI Contribution

D
Sk. Md. Ashfaque 2231378 HISTORY

Tashfia Tashnim Tuba 2120541 GEOGRAPHY &

CLIMATE/WEATHER CONDITION
Nawreen Chowdhury 2220180 SPECIAL FEATURES & TOURIST
Adeeba ATTRACTIONS
Samantha Khan 2131270 PROBLEMS

Roja Islam 2120038 RECOMMENDATIONS

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2

THE HISTORY 3

WEATHER 5

CLIMATE/WEATHER CONDITIONS 6

SPECIAL FEATURES 7

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS 8

PROBLEMS 9

RECOMMENDATIONS 11

REFERENCES 12

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In completing our report, we had to take the help and guideline from our respected faculty
who deserves our greatest gratitude. We would like to show our gratitude to Mohammad
Masud Rana, Professor, Independent University, Bangladesh, for giving us a solid
guideline for this report through numerous consultations. We would also like to expand our
deepest gratitude to all those who have guided us directly and indirectly in writing this
report. Many people, especially our team members, have made valuable comments and
suggestions on this assignment which inspired us to improve our task by a large margin. We
thank all the people for their contribution to our report.

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 THE HISTORY OF COX’s BAZAR

The Cox's Bazar district is located in the southeastern part of Bangladesh. The distance of Cox's
Bazar is 152 kilometers / 93 miles south of the city of Chittagong. It is the largest tourist
destination in Bangladesh and has the world's longest uninterrupted natural sea beach which
extends up to 122 km. It also has the largest marine fishing port and submarine cable landing
station in Bangladesh. 

Cox's Bazar is famous for its astonishing natural beauty. Cox's Bazar was once known as
“Panoya” which literally means “Yellow Flower”. Another ancient name of the Cox’s Bazar is
“Palonki”.

From the beginning of the 9th century until the Mughal conquest in 1618, a large part of
Chittagong, including Cox's Bazar belonged to the Arakan State. 

The Mughal emperor “Shah Shuja” was stunned by the

fascinating beauty of Cox's Bazar. On his way to Arakan by a
hilly road, he ordered a camp to be set up there. About one
thousand palanquins of his procession took up a position at
Dulahazara, Chakriya in Cox's Bazar.

Dulhazara means a thousand couches. After the Mughals, Tripura,

and Arkan, then the Portuguese and the British took control of the
area.

The name Cox's Bazar comes from Captain ”Hiram Cox”, a

Superintendent of the Palonki (former name of Cox's Bazar),
British East India Company appointed him. After the promulgation of the British East India
Company - Ordinance 1773, “Warren Hastings” was appointed as the Governor of Bengal and
Hiram Cox was then appointed as the Director-General of the couch. 

Captain Cox tried to resolve the thousand-year-old conflict between Arakanese refugees and
local Rakhine and made significant progress in resettling the refugees. Hiram Cox died before
the work was completed (1799). A market was established to remember his rehabilitation
contributions and was named “Cox Shaheb Er Bazar” hence the name - Cox's Bazar.

Cox's Bazar was first established in 1854 and became a municipality in 1869. It was declared a
district of the Bengal Province under the British Crown on 1 January 1874 after the breakage of
the British East India Company.

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Cox's Bazar became part of East Pakistan in 1947 after the end of British rule. The first post-
independence chairman of Cox's Bazar Municipality was Captain Advocate Fazlul Karim. He
was a visionary leader and had the motivation to build Cox's Bazar as a tourist spot after seeing
the beaches of Bombay and Karachi, in order to fulfill his visions he established the Tamarisk
Forest along the beach in order to attract tourists as well as to protect the beach from tsunamis.
He constructed a public library and a town hall by donating his own lands. He also established a
maternity hospital, a stadium, and a drainage system thus he was called a resort pioneer in
developing Cox's Bazar as a destination.

In 1959 the municipality was turned into a town committee later on in 1972 the town committee
of Cox's Bazar was once again turned into a municipality. The year, 1972 was a great year for the
Cox’s Bazar as it started to receive administrative attention after the independence of
Bangladesh.

In recent years, more specifically in 2017, hundreds of thousands of Rohingya refugees from
Myanmar arrived in Cox's Bazar District, Which made the Kutupalong refugee camp became the
largest refugee camp in the world. 

Later on, in 2020 the first confirmed case of COVID-19 was detected among the 860,000
refugees who lived in Cox's Bazar district and in March 2021, a fire at the refugee camp left
45,000 Rohingya refugees displaced.

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 GEOGRAPHY
Between 20°43' and 21°56' north latitude and 91°50' and 92°23' east longitude, the Cox's Bazar
District (Chittagong division) has an area of 2491.86 sq km. It is bordered on the north by the
Chittagong District, on the south by the Bay of Bengal, on the east by the Naf River and the
Arakan (Myanmar) region, and
on the west by the Bay of
Bengal. Cox's Bazar is home to
the world's longest sea beach. Of
the 11 districts in the Chittagong
division, it is the seventh
biggest, and it is ranked 26th out
of the 64 districts in Bangladesh.
The hilly region makes up over
half of the district's total area,
while the other half is made up
of coastal islands. Heshkhali,
Kutubdia, Matarbari, Sonadia,
Shah Pari, and St. Martin's
Island, also known as Jinjira, are
the district's main offshore
islands. The main land has
recently been connected to the
Shah Pari Island. Because Cox's
Bazar is a coastal district,
erosion causes the territory to
grow or shrink, giving rise to
islands and char.

The nine upazilas that make up

this district are: Chakaria
Upazila, Cox's Bazar Sadar
Upazila, Kutubdia Upazila,
Maheshkhali Upazila, Ramu
Upazila, Teknaf Upazila, Ukhia
Upazila, Pekua Upazila, Eidgaon
Upazila.

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 CLIMATE/WEATHER CONDITION

Due to its location along the coast, the area is frequently affected by hurricanes, cyclones, tidal
bores, and sea storms. Temperature ranges from 32.5 degrees Celsius to 14.8 degrees Celsius,
with 3333 millimeters of rain falling annually.

The rainy season in Cox's Bazar is hot, humid, and cloudy, whereas the dry season is warm,
muggy, and usually clear. The average annual temperature fluctuates between 64°F and 88°F,
seldom falling below 60°F or rising beyond 91°F.

With an average daily high temperature of 86°F, the hot season lasts for 2.8 months, from April
9 to July 4. May, with an average high of 88°F and low of 78°F, is the warmest month of the
year in Cox's Bazar.

With an average daily high temperature below 79°F, the chilly season lasts for 1.6 months, from
December 15 to February 4. Cox's Bazar has its coldest month of the year in January, with
average lows of 64°F and highs of 78°F.

The best times of year to visit Cox's Bazar for hot-weather activities are from mid-February to
early-April and from mid-November to early-December, according to the beach/pool score.

SPECIAL FEATURES

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With an uninterrupted length of 150 km Cox's Bazar is the primary draw and is also known as
the "longest natural unobstructed sea beach" in the world.

The primary features include sky dining, miles of golden sands, tall cliffs, surfing waves, unusual
conch shells, colorful pagodas, Buddhist temples, Himchari national park, Chittagong hill tracts,
Ramu, Teknaf marine drive, and tribes.

A novel idea in the global food sector is sky dining. Eating food at a height of 50 meters above
the ground is a creative idea. It is additionally offered at Cox Bazar.

Ramu is a typical upazila in the Cox's Bazar neighborhood. In Ramu, there are a large number of
historic Buddhist structures. Ramu is home to Jadi and a total of 35 Buddhist temples. The North
Mitchari hills of Ramu are home to a 100-foot tall statue of Gautam Buddha resting next to a
lion. And the core boundary has been erected two kilometers away. The only monastery to
continue south is the Buddhist monastery of Lalching and Shatching. The area is also home to a
large number of Buddhist monasteries.

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS

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The term "tourist attraction" refers to a location of interest that draws tourists, usually due to its
inherent or shown natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or architectural
beauty, or ability to provide leisure and amusement.

Cox bazar's top tourist attractions are Inani beach, Cox bazar beach, fly dining, kayaking,
surfing, Laboni beach, Sonadia island, Radiant Fish World, Himchori, colorful pagodas,
Buddhist temples, Ramu, and others.

These places frequently gain economically from tourism and advertise the local nature, culture,
and heritage.

Kayaking is adventurous and attracts tourist. It is the practice of paddling a kayak through water.
The way the paddler sits and how many blades are on the paddle set it apart from canoeing. A
kayak is a low-to-the-water, canoe-like craft in which the paddler sits facing forward with their
legs in front and rotates their pulling motion from front to rear, using a double-bladed paddle.
Although sit-on-top and inflatable kayaks are becoming more and more popular, the majority of
kayaks have closed decks.

PROBLEMS
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The problems are given below based on the percentage of the visitors’ perspectives:

Tough to ensure accommodation facility during the seasonal time which is from October to
January though this is the best time to visit Cox’s Bazar in terms of weather conditions and
festival times. There is no rail route to go to Cox’s Bazar. There is lack of transport facility from
October to January because of the huge crowd. Even at that time, the price of transportation
increases rapidly. All kinds of costs like accommodation, food, and transport costs went up
rapidly.

The drainage system is so unhealthy and unclean. For this, tourists have to suffer a lot during the
monsoon season. There is a lack of security system for the excursionists. Because of the lack of
security systems, tourists suffer a lot and they don’t feel comfortable moving from one to
another.

Also, lack of recreational facilities on the beach and because of that tourists don’t have much to
do for their entertainment which also can cause lack of tourists’ attraction. There is little toilet
and change room facility on the beach. Moreover, lack of utility service in Cox’s Bazar, lack of
proper Medicare service for the natives and excursionists. Alongside, lack of conservation of
cleaning the beach area.

After migrating in 2017 rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar are affecting a lot, some of them
involving themselves in criminal activities such as drug smuggling because of unemployment

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and lack of education and even women inside the camps are facing violence including gender-
based violence risks, child marriage, child labor, and human trafficking.

The living conditions inside the camps are disastrous. Environmental destruction and the loss of
forest land have occurred at an alarming rate in the last four years and which affects wildlife.
Rohingya refugee agreement has damaged reserve timbers, from the construction of new
shelters, burning of wood and anthropogenic conditioning relating to subsistence requirements of
the refugees. Air pollution in Ukhia and Teknaf has increased because of smoke from firewood
burned by refugees and exhaust from thousands of trucks, jeeps, and cars bringing people and
goods into the camps.

To maintain the overcrowded camps in Cox’s Bazar, the Bangladeshi government decided to
migrate groups of Rohingya in the riverine districts or ‘Char’ areas, specifically the island of
Bhashan Char, 60 km from the landmass, in the Bay of Bengal.

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 RECOMMENDATIONS

As we know, Cox’s Bazar is a tourist hot-spot in Bangladesh, there is an on-season and off
season syndicate. They increase the prices of almost everything including hotels, motels,
cottages, restaurants, and vehicles on on-seasons. This has become a problem for the tourists.
Controlling the seasonal price-hike syndicate in Cox’s Bazar is necessary. In this situation,
legislation ought to be passed.

The visitors have difficulty leaving during the monsoon since the roods drowned in the flood. It
is necessary to raise the road's level so that flooding won't affect it. Additionally, individuals toss
their dust on the beach, which pollutes both the water and the beach and can be decreased
through a legal process, and the beaches are not regularly cleaned. There should be a banner or
something which will increase the public awareness about cleanliness and reserving our very
own treasure. Also the government as well as NGOs can reduce the beach pollution by gathering
up some volunteers who will inform the tourists regarding this matter. Every year, Cox's Bazar
has a spike in visitor traffic on the eve of the New Year, but this year it was nearly deserted.
Possible causes include bans on outdoor parties, recent rape occurrences, and soaring food costs.
Following public uproar over recent reports of two rape cases in the tourist hotspot, however,
law enforcement authorities must taken a number of actions to safeguard the safety of visitors,
and the local government should established a monitoring cell.

As Cox’s Bazar is particularly well-liked by travelers, outbreaks of any viruses or diseases seem
very easy in Cox’s Bazar because this place is overcrowded. So teaching and preaching the
actual knowledge of cleanliness, sanitations are must. Volunteers and NGOs should take steps
regarding this matter.

The Rohingya are primarily concentrated in Bangladesh. The overwhelming flight of Rohingya
people into Cox's Bazar and the rise in criminality are now major causes for alarm. In Coxs'
Bazar, drug trafficking has always been a concern. From a humanitarian perspective, Bangladesh
just opened its border to enable Rohingyas unrestricted passage. But some who see an
opportunity seize it and use it to import drugs. This issue should be taken into account and the
government should take necessary steps to stop this by increasing security measures of borders.

Again, during Covid-19, for its three million residents, the government has set up a single testing
center in the Cox's Bazar district where any of the one million Rohingya can go for testing if
necessary. The Government of Bangladesh and NGOs should establish a separate testing facility
as well as intensive care unit beds for the Rohingya people because one facility is obviously
insufficient.

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References

 Alam, M. (2018). How the Rohingya crisis is affecting Bangladesh — and why it matters.
How the Rohingya Crisis Is Affecting Bangladesh — and Why It Matters.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/02/12/how-the-rohingya-
crisis-is-affecting-bangladesh-and-why-it-matters/

 Siddique, M. Z. R. (2013). Prospects and Problems of Cox’s Bazar Sea Beach as a

Tourist Spot of Bangladesh. Prospects and Problems of Cox’s Bazar Sea Beach as a
Tourist Spot of Bangladesh.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324829150_Prospects_and_Problems_of_Cox’s
_Bazar_Sea_Beach_as_a_Tourist_Spot_of_Bangladesh

 Bangladesh Population Census 2001, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics; Cultural survey

report of Cox's Bazar District 2007; Cultural survey report of Upazilas of Cox's Bazar
District 2007.
https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Cox%E2%80%99s_Bazar_District

 The history of Cox’s Bazar from Wikipedia - https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cox

%27s_Bazar#:~:text=The%20name%20Cox's%20Bazar%20originated,India
%20Company%20Act%20in%201773.

 YouTube video named “কক্সবাজারের নামকরণের ইতিহাস | History of Cox's Bazar”

from a Channel named “Walk With Sultan” - https://youtu.be/O1Dh9Ob4qtw

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