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Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions

Chapter 2 Matrices Ex 2.1
September 28, 2021 by Prasanna

Balbharti 12th Maharashtra State Board Maths Solutions Book Pdf Chapter 2 Matrices
Ex 2.1 Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter

2 Matrices Ex 2.1
Question 1.

Apply the given elementary transformation on each of the following matrices.

1 0
A=[ , R1 ↔ R2

]
−1 3

Solution:

1 0
A=[

]
−1 3

By R1 ↔ R2, we get,

−1 3
A~[ ]
1 0

Question 2.

1 −1 3
B=[ ] , R1 → R1 → R2

2 5 4

Solution:

1 −1 3
B=[ ] ,

2 5 4

R1 → R1 → R2 gives,

−1 −6 −1
B~[ ]
2 5 4
Question 3.

5 4 3 1
A=[ ] , C1 ↔ C2; B = [ ] , R1 ↔ R2. What do you observe?

1 3 4 5

Solution:

5 4
A=[ ]

1 3

By C1 ↔ C2, we get,

4 5
A~[ ] …(1)

3 1

3 1
B=[ ]

4 5

By R1 ↔ R2, we get,

4 5
B~[ ] …(2)

3 1

From (1) and (2), we observe that the new matrices are equal.

Question 4.

1 2 −1
A=[ ] , 2C2

0 1 3

1 0 2
B=[ ] , -3R1

2 4 5

Find the addition of the two new matrices.

Solution:

1 2 −1
A=[ ]

0 1 3

By 2C2, we get,

1 4 −1
A~[ ]

0 2 3

1 0 2
B=[ ]

2 4 5

By -3R1, we get,

−3 0 −6
B~[ ]

2 4 5

Now, addition of the two new matrices

Question 5.

1 −1 3
⎡ ⎤
A = ⎢2 1 0⎥ , 3R3 and then C3 + 2C2.

⎣ ⎦
3 3 1

Solution:

1 −1 3
⎡ ⎤
A = ⎢2 1 0⎥

⎣ ⎦
3 3 1

By 3R3, we get

1 −1 3
⎡ ⎤
A ~ ⎢2 1 0⎥

⎣ ⎦
9 9 3

By C3 + 2C2, we get,
1 −1 3 + 2(−1)
⎛ ⎞

A ~ ⎜2 1 0 + 2(1) ⎟

⎝ ⎠
9 9 3 + 2(9)

1 −1 1
⎛ ⎞
∴ A ~ ⎜2 1 2⎟
⎝ ⎠
9 9 21

Question 6.

1 −1 3
⎛ ⎞
A = ⎜2 1 0⎟ , C3 + 2C2 and then 3R3. What do you conclude from Ex. 5 and Ex.
⎝ ⎠
3 3 1

6 ?

Solution:

1 −1 3
⎛ ⎞
A = ⎜2 1 0⎟

⎝ ⎠
3 3 1

By C3 + 2C2, we get,
1 −1 3 + 2(−1)
⎛ ⎞

A ~ ⎜2 1 0 + 2(1) ⎟

⎝ ⎠
3 3 1 + 2(3)

1 −1 1
⎛ ⎞
∴ A ~ ⎜2 1 2⎟

⎝ ⎠
3 3 7

By 3R3, we get

 1 −1 1
⎛ ⎞
A ~ ⎜2 1 2⎟

⎝ ⎠
9 9 21

We conclude from Ex. 5 and Ex. 6 that the matrix remains same by interchanging the
order of the elementary transformations. Hence, the transformations are commutative.

Question 7.

1 2
Use suitable transformation on [ ] into an upper triangular matrix.

3 4

Solution:

1 2
Let A = [ ]

3 4

By R2 – 3R1, we get,

1 2
A~[

]
0 −2

This is an upper triangular matrix.

Question 8.

1 −1
Convert [ ] into an identity matrix by suitable row transformations.

2 3

Solution:

1 −1
Let A = [

]
2 3

By R2 – 2R1, we get,

1 −1
A~[

]
0 5

By ( 15 )R2, we get,

1 −1
A~[

]
0 1

By R1 + R2, we get,

1 0
A~[ ]

0 1

This is an identity matrix.

Question 9.

1 −1 2
⎡ ⎤
Transform ⎢ 2 1 3⎥ into an upper triangular matrix by suitable row
⎣ ⎦
3 2 4

transformations.

Solution:

1 −1 2
⎡ ⎤
Let A = ⎢ 2 1 3⎥

⎣ ⎦
3 2 4

By R2 – 2R1 and R3 – 3R1, we get

1 −1 2
⎡ ⎤
A ~ ⎢0 3 −1 ⎥

⎣ ⎦
0 5 −2

By R3 – ( 53 )R2, we get,

1 −1 2
⎛ ⎞

A ~ ⎜0 3 −1 ⎟

⎝ 1 ⎠
0 0 −
3

This is an upper triangular matrix.

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