Department of Architecture: Final Report Conservation Studio

TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
FINAL REPORT
CONSERVATION STUDIO
SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:
GROUP-2 Prof. Dr. Sudha Shrestha
Abhishek Maharjan-202 Asst. Prof. Dr. Bijay Singh
Binisha Shahi-213
Binita Acharya-214
Prakriti Bhattarai-222
Sneha Bhandari-249
August 31, 2021

Final Report Conservation Studio
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 8
1.1 Dolakha Bazaar 8
1.2 Old Dolakha and Present Dolakha 8
2 Method applied ..................................................................................................... 10
3 Literature Review ................................................................................................. 11

3.1 Cultural heritage Charters and Standards 11
3.2 INTERVENTIONS ON STRUCTURES 13
3.2.1 REPAIR OF WALL AND FLOOR CONNECTION FAILURE: .............................................................................13
3.2.2 REPAIR OF FOUNDATION:.........................................................................................................................13
3.2.3 REPAIR OF CRACKS ON WALLS: ................................................................................................................14
3.2.4 Action # 1: Repair Minor to Cracks Using Grouting ..................................................................................14
3.2.5 Action # 2: Repair Major Cracks by Fixing Wire Mesh ..............................................................................15
3.2.6 Action # 3: Repair Major Cracks by Using Stitching Elements ..................................................................16
4 Case Study ........................................................................................................... 18

4.1 Upper Mustang 18
4.1.1 Upper Mustang Conservation and Development Project ........................................................................18
4.1.2 King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (KMTNC) .........................................................................18
4.2 Cumalikizik Village, Bursa, Turkey 19
4.2.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................19
4.2.2 Infrastructures ..........................................................................................................................................19
5 Design ................................................................................................................... 20
5.1 Stretches 20
5.1.1 Pakhalati, Pukhurucha, Dwakanchhen, Likhanchhen and Biyarchhen Tole: ............................................20
5.1.2 New Developed Settlements: ...................................................................................................................21
5.2 7 projects and 4 monuments 22
5.3 Entrance Complex 22
6 Tourist Information Centre .................................................................................. 23

6.1.1 Location of Tourist Information Centre: ...................................................................................................23
6.1.2 Concept: ...................................................................................................................................................24
6.1.3 Planning and zoning..................................................................................................................................24
6.1.4 Description of the café block: ...................................................................................................................24
6.1.5 Description of Tourist Information Block: ................................................................................................26
7 Parking .................................................................................................................. 28
8 Pakhalati Pond ..................................................................................................... 29
Group-2 2 2021
8.1 Inspection/Documentation 29
8.2 Interventions Proposed 30
8.3 Concept in Revitalization 30
8.4 Design Development 30
9 Indra Dev Singh Park ........................................................................................... 33

9.1 Documentation 33
9.2 Observation 34
9.3 Intervention 34
9.4 Concept 34
10 Entrance Gate ................................................................................................... 38

10.1 Introduction 38
10.2 Observation 38
10.3 Reference Study 38
10.4 Intervention 39
10.5 Detailing 40
11 Traditional Settlement ...................................................................................... 41

11.1 Background 41
11.2 Introduction: 41
11.4 Conservation Approach 43
11.5 Proposed intervention 43
11.5.1 Typical 3 and half Storey Mixed Use Building Design ..........................................................................44
12 Rest Area ........................................................................................................... 53

12.2 Proposed Design Concept 53
13 Façade Redesign .............................................................................................. 57

13.1 The Changes 59
13.2 Detailing 61
14 Intervention of House-R6 ................................................................................. 62

14.1 Construction Drawings 63
Group-2 3 2021
14.2 Detail Drawings 65
15 Newly Developed Settlement area .................................................................. 67

15.1 Documentation 67
15.2 Observation 67
15.3 Intervention 68
15.4 Detailing 68
15.5 Typical 3 story building 69
16 Lodge (Extended Stay Hotel) ........................................................................... 70

16.1 Introduction 70
16.2 Need Identification 70
16.3 Concept 70
17 Infrastructure .................................................................................................... 73
17.1 Road 73
17.2 Sinage 74
17.3 Public Toilet and Atm 77
17.4 Waste Bins 77
17.5 Drinking Water 77
17.6 Electricity and street light 78
17.7 Sewer and irrigation facilities 79
18 Monuments ....................................................................................................... 81
18.1 Machhindranath Temple 82
18.1.1 nterventions.........................................................................................................................................82
18.1.2 Research Studies ..................................................................................................................................83
18.2 Taleju Temple 84
18.2.1 Drawings ..............................................................................................................................................84
18.3 Narayan Temple 86
18.3.1 Interventions........................................................................................................................................86
18.3.2 Drawings ..............................................................................................................................................86
18.4 Nateshwor Temple 88
18.4.1 Interventions........................................................................................................................................88
18.4.2 Drawings ..............................................................................................................................................89
Group-2 4 2021
List of Figures
Figure 1: Dolakha Bazaar ................................................................................................................ 8
Figure 2:Old Dolakha....................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 3:Present Dolakha ................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 4: Methodology.................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 5 Upper Mustang ............................................................................................................... 18
Figure 6: present Dolakha bazar ................................................................................................... 20
Figure 7: Entrance complex .......................................................................................................... 22
Figure 8: location of tourist information Centre .......................................................................... 23
Figure 9: Conceptual plan Information Centre ............................................................................. 24
Figure 10: Information Centre ...................................................................................................... 25
Figure 11: Information Block elevations ....................................................................................... 27
Figure 12: Parking Area ................................................................................................................. 28
Figure 13: Pakhalati pond documentation drawing ..................................................................... 29
Figure 14: Conceptual plan sketch of pond .................................................................................. 30
Figure 15: Conceptual section of pond ......................................................................................... 30
Figure 16: Pond plan ..................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 17: Material reference of pond ......................................................................................... 31
Figure 18: Pond and seating detail section ................................................................................... 32
Figure 19: Pond section ................................................................................................................ 32
Figure 20: Views of Pakhalati Pond............................................................................................... 33
Figure 21 Indra Singh Dev Statue .................................................................................................. 33
Figure 22 Roses ............................................................................................................................. 33
Figure 23 Marigold ........................................................................................................................ 33
Figure 24 Harsayari ....................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 25 Entrance ........................................................................................................................ 34
Figure 26 Pathways ....................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 27 Seating spaces .............................................................................................................. 34
Figure 28 existing park plan .......................................................................................................... 34
Figure 29 Proposed plan ............................................................................................................... 34
Figure 30 Flower on mound .......................................................................................................... 35
Figure 31 Flower beds ................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 32 Different types of flower offered to different deities .................................................. 35
Figure 33 Section at S1-S1............................................................................................................. 36
Figure 34 Indra singh dev park plan with different flowers ......................................................... 36
Figure 35 Section at S1’-S1’........................................................................................................... 37
Figure 36 Memorial statue view ................................................................................................... 37
Figure 37 View from entrance ...................................................................................................... 37
Figure 38 Park ............................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 39 Aerial view of park ........................................................................................................ 37
Figure 40 Dolakha Bhimeswar entrance gate ............................................................................... 38
Figure 41: Recent photo of the gate ............................................................................................. 38
Figure 42: Traditional gate of the valley ....................................................................................... 38
Figure 43: Lion statues .................................................................................................................. 40
Group-2 5 2021
Figure 44: Gajurs ........................................................................................................................... 40

Figure 45: Hidden Beam................................................................................................................ 40
Figure 46: Wooden moldings of Garuda and Bajra ...................................................................... 40
Figure 47: Bhimsen engraved in the pillar .................................................................................... 40
Figure 48: Typical 3 and half storey traditional buildings ............................................................. 43
Figure 49: facade redesign buildings ............................................................................................ 43
Figure 50: Map showing the areas for two typologies of typical 3 and half storey building with
section of the site.......................................................................................................................... 46
Figure 51: Typology 2 with commercial shops at street level in elevation .................................. 47
Figure 52: Detail Plan of Typology 1 Building ............................................................................... 49
Figure 53: Detail Plan of Typology 2 Building ............................................................................... 50
Figure 54: Store Front Elevation ................................................................................................... 51
Figure 55: Elevation from front yard ............................................................................................ 51
Figure 56: Section at X-X ............................................................................................................... 52
Figure 57: Freestanding jahru on the Dattatreya Square in Bhaktapur ....................................... 53
Figure 58: Rest Area ...................................................................................................................... 53
Figure 59: Plan of Rest area .......................................................................................................... 54
Figure 60: Elevation of Rest Area .................................................................................................. 54
Figure 61: Water Element Elevation ............................................................................................. 55
Figure 62: Modification of shutter ................................................................................................ 61
Figure 63: Modification of Window .............................................................................................. 61
Figure 64: Modification of Slope roof ........................................................................................... 61
Figure 65: Modification of Flat roof .............................................................................................. 61
Figure 66: R6 House ...................................................................................................................... 62
Figure 67 Newly developed stretch .............................................................................................. 67
Figure 68 South street elevation................................................................................................... 67
Figure 69 North Street elevation .................................................................................................. 67
Figure 70 Existing buildings (Lila Shrestha Residence) ................................................................. 68
Figure 71 View from road ............................................................................................................. 68
Figure 72 3D view of typical 3 story building ................................................................................ 68
Figure 73 Back elevation ............................................................................................................... 69
Figure 74 Front Elevation .............................................................................................................. 69
Figure 75 Floor plan ...................................................................................................................... 69
Figure 76 Side Elevation ................................................................................................................ 69
Figure 77 Opening schedule ......................................................................................................... 69
Figure 78 Section at A-A................................................................................................................ 69
Figure 79 Kumar Pradhan ............................................................................................................. 70
Figure 80 Floor plan ...................................................................................................................... 71
Figure 81 Side elevation ................................................................................................................ 71
Figure 82 Back Elevation ............................................................................................................... 71
Figure 83 Front elevation .............................................................................................................. 71
Figure 84 Opening Schedule ......................................................................................................... 72
Figure 85 Section at A-A................................................................................................................ 72
Figure 86 View from Entrance gate .............................................................................................. 72
Group-2 6 2021
Figure 87 Lodge ............................................................................................................................. 72

Figure 88: Foot trail ...................................................................................................................... 73
Figure 89 Section of Dolakha-Charikot road ................................................................................. 73
Figure 90: 5.4 m wide stone paved inner road ............................................................................. 73
Figure 91 Dolakha-Charikot road .................................................................................................. 73
Figure 92 Way to Bhimeshor from Dolakha Bus-park ................................................................. 73
Figure 93 Base-map of Dolakha Bazaar with different road network and monuments .............. 74
Figure 94: Signage layout plan ...................................................................................................... 75
Figure 95: Signage Drawings ......................................................................................................... 75
Figure 96: Signage showing Dolakha Bazzar map ......................................................................... 76
Figure 97: Public toilet at information centre .............................................................................. 77
Figure 98: Waste bin ..................................................................................................................... 77
Figure 99: Seating and drinking water elevation .......................................................................... 78
Figure 100: Seating and Drinking water location.......................................................................... 78
Figure 101: Street lamp elevation ................................................................................................ 78
Figure 102: Electic pole and Street lamp position ........................................................................ 79
Figure 103: Street section from S3 ............................................................................................... 80
Figure 104: Drainage map ............................................................................................................. 80
Group-2 7 2021
1 Introduction
1.1 Dolakha Bazaar
Dolakha Bazaar lies in the Bhimeshwor Municipality
which is situated at Dolakha district of Pradesh N0.
3, Nepal. The municipality has been named after the
very ancient and sacred destination Dolakha
Bhimeshwor Temple. The municipality was declared
by Nepal Government on 27th of Falgun, 2073 B.S.
combining 3 different previous VDCs (Suspa
Chhemawati, Boch, Lakuridanda) and 1 Municipality
(Bhimeshwor Municipality); The region is bordered
by the Sun Kosi River on the west and the Khimti
Khola River on the east. It is divided unequally by the
River Tama Koshi, proportionately two thirds to the
west of the river and one third to the east. To the Figure 1: Dolakha Bazaar
north east lies the impressive Rolwaling Himal to the
western edge of which are such peaks as Gauri Shanker and Melungtse. Gauri Shanker is
synonymous with the god Shiva and his consort Parvati (Bhimeshowr Municipality, 2021).
Charikot, the district headquarters of Dolakha, is around 133 km east of Kathmandu. Travel along
the Araniko Highway until you reach Khadichaur, from where the serpentine road climbs through
rural settlements and terraced farmlands. Aahaldanda in Lakuridanda welcomes you to Dolakha
territory and leads to Kharidhunga which overlooks Rolwaling and Langtang mountain ranges.
Kharidhunga, situated at an altitude of around 2,700 metres above sea level, is covered with
powdery snow throughout winter. The rhododendron forests colour the area red as spring sets
in. (Manandhar, 2021).
1.2 Old Dolakha and Present Dolakha

Old dolakha had the built space with its tradtional local material created an environment with
beauty for which it was reknowned. The white lime plastered building with stone pavement
created a different aura during the time.
Group-2 8 2021
Figure 2:Old Dolakha
The beauty of the bazaar has been decreasing with its traditional local material getting lost from
the area. 2015 Earthquake is a great influence for its degradation. The lack of proper maintenance
lead to the its present look.
Figure 3:Present Dolakha
Buildings are mostly two and half storey with pidi on the ground floor, living and bedroom on
first floor and kitchen in the attic space. Nowadays, buildings are rented out as shops and local
bard on the street side. Many residential buildings have mixed use purpose and are operated as
lodge cum residence.
Group-2 9 2021
2 Method applied
The study will give special emphasis to a secondary data collection related to the objective of the
study. So, the information was collected systematically according to the suitability of the data
obtained from previous researcher in a form of a journal, article, report, books and etc. The
evaluation of the secondary data will emphasize on decision making practical assessment in
factors influence to conservation of old buildings in Dolakha Bazar.
Literature Review
Case study
National and International
Dolakha Bazzar documentation
Interviews
Data analysis
Factor Analysis
Design Proposal
Final Report and Drawings
Figure 4: Methodology
Group-2 10 2021
3 Literature Review
Conservation of a Historic/ Heritage Building is the process through which the material, historical,
and design integrity of built heritage are prolonged through carefully planned interventions.
The Conservation of a building involves the following:
o Respect for and conservation of the building fabric or material. The preservation of the
historicity of these materials is considered extremely important internationally.
o Respect for and conservation of the methods of construction that are unique to the
buildings in question.
o Respect for and conservation of the original quality and perception of spaces within the
building.
o Conservation of the various elements that lend to the building its character.
There are different degrees of intervention involved in Conservation
1. Prevention of Deterioration
2. Preservation
3. Consolidation
4. Restoration
5. Rehabilitation
6. Reproduction
7. Reconstruction
8. Anastylosis
9. Conjectural Conservation
3.1 Cultural heritage Charters and Standards

The first attempt to establish a coherent and logically defensible philosophy for building
conservation was in the Society for the Protection of Ancient Building's Manifesto of 1877. The
Manifesto consists principally of a plea to "put protection in place of restoration", and only the
last two paragraphs commend a philosophy of care. However, it is the relatively brief Manifesto
Group-2 11 2021
statement that marks the starting point for the many later policy statements in which the
underlying theme of the SPAB Manifesto is adopted and developed rather than being significantly
amended.
The Athens Conference of 1931, organised by the International Museums Office, established
basic principles for an international code of practice for conservation. The Second International
Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, which met in Venice in May 1964,
approved the text of an International Charter for the Conservation of Monuments and Sites (the
Venice Charter), which superseded the Athens Charter. The Venice Charter, which was adopted
by the newly formed International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) in 1956 and
published by them in 1966, is an important modern milestone for the conservation movement.
ICOMOS is an international non-governmental organisation that promotes the study of the

theory, methodology and technology of conservation applied to monuments, historic areas and
sites. The Venice Charter stresses the importance of setting, respect for original fabric, precise
documentation of any intervention, the significance of contributions from all periods to the
building's character, and the maintenance of historic buildings for a socially useful purpose. The
Charter outlines the basic doctrine of what is now accepted to be an appropriate approach to
dealing in philosophical terms with historic buildings. The full text of the Venice Charter and other
documents detailed in this report can be viewed on the ICOMOS and UNESCO web sites.
The Venice Charter was followed by a plethora of other standards, charters, formal
recommendations and conventions relating to building conservation. These provide invaluable
guidance for practitioners working in the field of building conservation and are an essential
framework for good practice in the protection and enhancement of the historic environment.
The Burra Charter
The Australian ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (1981).
This Charter develops the principles detailed in the Venice Charter to suit local Australian
requirements. It includes a comprehensive list of definitions of items such as place, fabric,
conservation, maintenance, preservation, restoration, reconstruction, adaptation and
compatible use. It also introduces the concept of cultural significance, the 'aesthetic, historic,
scientific or social value for past, present and future generations', and requires this to be defined
for each place, and conservation plans to be established and justified prior to any intervention.
It continues with a description of conservation principles and processes that are intended as a
definition of good practice. The Burra Charter is well established in Australia and is frequently
used by the Australian Government in its formal capacity.
Group-2 12 2021
3.2 INTERVENTIONS ON STRUCTURES

3.2.1 REPAIR OF WALL AND FLOOR CONNECTION FAILURE:
Use of wooden keys, anchored and bandaged at floor level
3.2.2 REPAIR OF FOUNDATION:

F.1
For Minor cracks: ACTION #01
F.2
Settlement of Foundation: May be possible with grouting if it is only minor to moderate crack
(Action #04), Else more soil intervention may require
F.3
Bulged Stonewalls: ACTION #01
F.4
Dislocations and Loose Stone: ACTION #04
F.5
Stone foundation wall interruption, removal of portions of the wall & loss of structural integrity:
ACTION #04
Group-2 13 2021
3.2.3 REPAIR OF CRACKS ON WALLS:

Action 1 to 4, according to the type
3.2.4 Action # 1: Repair Minor to Cracks Using Grouting

Material and Equipment
• Plastic or aluminum nipples of ½ inches in diameter and 1 to 1 ½ inches long in length.
• Grouting materials: the grout may be made using cement, sandy soil and fine sand mix in
the proportions in 1:1:3 with enough water to make it into slurry. The soil and sand should
be passing through ½ mm sieve.
• Cement and sand mortar of 1:3 for sealing the cracks.
• Container for injecting slurry at a height of 4 feet to 5 feet above the cracks with flexible
hose pipe for flow of grout by gravity.
Steps: Grouting can be done as following:

• Remove plaster in the vicinity of crack exposing the cracked bare masonry.
• Make the shape of crack in V-shape by chiseling out.
• Fix the grouting nipples in the V-groove on the faces of the wall at spacing of 6-to-8-inch
c/c.
• Clean the crack with compressed air through nipples to ensure that the fine and loose
material inside the cracked masonry has been removed (Water injection should not be
done in case of mud mortar masonry).
Group-2 14 2021
• Seal the crack on both faces of the wall with 1:3 ratio cement mortar and allow to gain
strength.
• Inject the grout from lower most nipple till it comes out from the next higher nipple and
then move to next higher nipple.
• After injection of grout through all the nipples is completed, re-plaster the surface and
finish as required.
3.2.5 Action # 2: Repair Major Cracks by Fixing Wire Mesh

• 1:3 cement-sand mortar for sealing of cracks and plastering.
• Galvanized steel wire mesh (with wires of 16 to 14 gauge i.e., 1.5mm to 2.03mm
diameter) 1 inch x 1 inch mesh size.
• Galvanized steel wire of 12 gauge i.e., 3.15 mm diameter, 4-inch-long nails.
Construction steps:
Steps: Major Cracks (crack width greater than 5 mm) can be repaired by wire mesh as following.
• Remove the plaster in the vicinity of crack exposing the cracked bare masonry around 6-
inch width at both sides of the crack.
• Make the shape of crack in the V-shape by chiseling out.
• Make the throughout hole on wall by drilling on planned area of wire mesh at spacing of
6" c/c staggered.
• Clean the crack with compressed air.
• Fill the crack with 1: 3 ratio cement mortar with necessary water from both sides as deep
as feasible.
• Provide wire mesh on both the faces of wall to a minimum width of 6-inch on each side
of the crack and in the entire length of the crack. if it is not possible to provide in the
entire length, then provide pieces of wire mesh (width not less than 6 inch) at spacing of
about 1 ft.
Group-2 15 2021
• Clamp the mesh with the wall using nails.

• Connect the both side of mesh by galvanized wire through the throughout holes of wall.
• Plaster the meshed area with cement sand mortar of 1:3 with minimum of ½ inch
thickness.
3.2.6 Action # 3: Repair Major Cracks by Using Stitching Elements

• 1:3 cement-sand mortar for sealing of cracks and plastering.
• Stitching dogs or steel bars with concrete
Steps: Major Cracks (crack width greater than 5 mm) can be repaired by stitching as following:
• Remove the plaster in the vicinity of crack exposing the cracked bare masonry around 6-
inch width at both sides of the crack.
• Make the shape of crack in the V-shape by chiseling out.
• Remove the alternate loose stones adjacent to the cracks.
• Clean the crack with compressed air.
• Add stitching dogs or steel bars with concrete on removed loose stones.
• Alternatively, stones can be removed from a zone about 6" to 9" along a vertical crack
and the wall can be reconstructed using elongated stones.
• Fill the crack with 1: 3 ratio cement mortar with necessary water from both sides as deep
as feasible.
• Plaster the exposed area with cement sand mortar of 1:3 with minimum of 1/2 inch
thickness.
Action #4: Repair of Damaged Wall by Rebuilding
Steps: Major Cracks (crack width greater than 5 mm) can be repaired by rebuilding as
it as following:
Group-2 16 2021
• Extensive damage may occur to stone walls which require a portion of the wall to be
removed and reconstructed.
• In such case, it is important to promptly install temporary shoring to support the floors
and walls above that depends on the extent of damage of wall.
• When portions of the walls have permanent lateral distortion or humping throughout the
width of the wall, the distressed portion of the wall must be completely removed and
reconstructed.
• If the wall has a spread or humped on only one face, complete reconstruction can be
avoided if the vertical face is stable enough to be used as formwork after the humped
side has been taken down. Header are placed in the rebuilt wall using concrete or cement
grout to completely fill all voids.
• The new portion of the wall should be constructed using the same mortar as that used in
the existing construction.
Group-2 17 2021
4 Case Study
4.1 Upper Mustang
Upper Mustang (formerly Kingdom of Lo) is an
upper part (Northern area) of Mustang District,
which is located in Nepal. It was an independent
Kingdom in past. There are geographical, climatic
and political factors which have retarded tourism
development in upper Mustang until recently.
The region is situated in the rain shadow of the
Himalaya and receives less than 100 mm rainfall
annually. Most of Mustang remains under snow
for 4 to 5 months a year. Basic necessities such
as drinking water, health services, schools, and Figure 5 Upper Mustang
alternative sources of energy are virtually non-
existent. The region is one of the remotest and underdeveloped regions in Nepal.
Even so, this harsh environment supports a rich cultural and natural heritage.
4.1.1 Upper Mustang Conservation and Development Project

After the restoration of multi-party democracy in Nepal in 1990, the Nepalese Government
decided to open up Mustang for trekking tourism and plough back part of revenue for Mustang's
development.
UMCDP focused broadly on five key programs:

1) sustainable tourism development,
2) natural resources conservation,
3) cultural heritage conservation,
4) alternative energy development, and
5) community development
4.1.2 King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (KMTNC)

To oversee conservation and development activities in Mustang, 9 month after Mustang was
open for trekking tourism, the government brought in the King Mahendra Trust for Nature
Conservation (KMTNC) to oversee following ,
• Conservation of nature through environmental cleanliness

• Community participation in conservation and sustainable development
• Alternative energy Development
• Development of basic infrastructure
• Cultural heritage conservation
(Gurung 1998), (Damrel 2017)
Group-2 18 2021
4.2 Cumalikizik Village, Bursa, Turkey

4.2.1 Introduction
LOCATION: 11 km far from Bursa,
Turkey
AREA: 86,460 SQ.M
TOPOGRAPHY: It lies on the Slopes

of Uludağ Mountain
POPULATION: Approx. 860
NO. OF RESIDENTIAL UNITS:

There are altogether 217 residential units among them only 180 are being used.
The main conservation theme of this Figure: Cumalikizik village, Bursa, Turkey
village is to pass down the physical,
socio-economic and cultural aspects of Cumalıkızık to the future generations while considering
the balance of conservation and usage. For this, at first the problems and solution were identified
by analyzing the current legislations. In 1983, the village was added to the World Heritage List.
Similarly, in 1990, the mosque, the public baths, the cemetery, two monumental plane trees and
57 houses were registered in world heritage list, followed in 1993 by an additional 65 houses. In
1998, restoration of some of the houses was undertaken and these are now being used as a Turkish
restaurant, a pension and a research center. In 2000, repairs to 22 houses and the renewal of two
streets originating from the public square at the entrance to the village were completed. In 1996,
the Chamber of Architects in Bursa rented a house in Cumalıkızık to establish a research Centre
for the restoration of village houses. n 1997, with the aim of preserving the 700-year-old village
and taking it into the future by improving all of its assets, various activities were carried out and
incorporated into the Cumalıkızık Conservation and Revitalization Project.
4.2.2 Infrastructures
Currently Cumalıkızık village includes a water depot, potable water network, electricity and
telephone infrastructure and a canalization network which has been built long time ago.
Internet and television infrastructure which are considered as livelihood requirements of today
are included in hardware requirements which shall be provided without the visual pollution of
satellite dishes. Urban furniture such as lights, seating, rubbish bins, guardrails, covers, street
signs, fountains and flower beds are present. There are child care rooms, telephone booths and
public toilets for common usage. But these need to be increased in numbers. District
municipalities are responsible for garbage collection and maintenance of urban furniture at
sites. Garbage is collected with garbage trucks.
Group-2 19 2021
5 Design
5.1 Stretches
For our conservation project we have chosen two
stretches they are:
• Pakhalati, Pukhurucha, Dwakanchhen,
Figure 6: present Dolakha bazar
Likhanchhen and Biyarchhen Tole

• New Developed Settlements lying in ward 2
and 3 of Bhimeshwor Municipality
5.1.1 Pakhalati, Pukhurucha, Dwakanchhen, Likhanchhen and Biyarchhen Tole:
This stretch is basically a peri-urban area, in which Pakhalati, Pukhurucha, Dwakanchhen,

Likhanchhen and Biyarchhen tole are located. This stretch start from the dolakah gate.where,
Pakhalati is the gateway to Dolakha Bhimeswar, it sees a number of domestic tourists and thus
has been growing as a commercial hub. Pukhurcha is growing settlement with residential and
mixed use buildings alike. Dwakanchhen tole consists of houses with architectural grandeur
Group-2 20 2021
which are evident in the doors, windows and thans. Likhanchhen lies just behind Dwakachhen
without any road access but only footrails. Biyarchhen located inside Dwakachhen and
Likhanchhen toles. It also has no access to the main street. The houses have a limited access
through foot trails.
5.1.1.1 Road network:

The road network in this stretch road is 5.4 m wide and is stone laid throughout. It runs through
the settlement dividing it into two linear zones. It also connects the main road to the Dolakha
Figure 4: way to BHimeshwor from Figure 5: 5.4m inner road Figure 6: Foot Trails
Dolakha Buspark
Bhimeswor temple. As this stretch is the way to Bhimeswar, it sees a number of people, locals
and domestic tourists alike. The buildings have been rented out as shops and local bars which
have been classified as mixed use buildings.
5.1.2 New Developed

Settlements:
It is the new developed settlements

lying in Ward No. 2 and 3 of
Bhimeshwor Municipality. Lies along
Charikot-Lamabagar road. The
architectural style of this stretch is
totally new.
Figure 7: Newly developed settlement
Group-2 21 2021
5.2 7 projects and 4 monuments

For the development and the conservation of these two stretches we have chosen 7 projects and
4 monuments and they are as follows:
5.3 Entrance Complex
The entrance complex consists of Parking,

Information Centre, pond and the Indra Singh Dev
Park, to provide the ambience of traditional
settlement at the time of entrance among the
tourist.
Figure 8: projects and monuments
Figure 7: Entrance complex
Group-2 22 2021
6 Tourist Information Centre

A tourist information center can be defined as an office that offers tourist information and that
promotes local tourism. Here, in Bhimeshowr Municipality, the existing information entre lies
outside the Dolakha Bazar. So, the new tourist Information Centre has been proposed.
6.1.1 Location of Tourist Information Centre:
Proposed site for the Tourist information Centre is located near to the main entrance gate and
parking area. So that, it will be easily accessible by the tourists.
Figure 8: location of tourist information Centre
Group-2 23 2021
6.1.2 Concept:
The initial planning of the tourist Information Centre
was bulky in compare to the proportion and the ratio of
existing buildings of Dolakaha Bazar. So the plan was
divided into two parts according to the function of the
building g. After that the two building was connected by
the connecting space, later it was developed in to the
courtyard.
Figure 9: Conceptual plan Information

Centre
6.1.3 Planning and zoning
The planning and Zoning of the site was done according to the use. The service block (Café
block) was planned in such way that it can be used 24/7. The outdoor sitting space is provided
for connecting two blocks i.e. Café block and the information block, which has pergola as a
flat roofing structure. Similarly, the information Centre has one entrance and one exit for the
proper circulation.
6.1.4 Description of the café block:

The proposed Building is single storey with the typical wooden truss Roof. The floor plan has area
of 75.79 sq.m which contains Guard house, ATM Lounge, Café and the public toilet. The building
is planned considering the ratio and the proportion of the existing building of the neighbourhood
context. The elevation treatment is as similar to the traditional building of the Dolakha, which
contains slope roof , slate (khari dhunga )as a roofing material, wooden door, window, struts,
railings, balcony and column and white plaster.
Group-2 24 2021
Figure 10: Information Centre
Group-2 25 2021
6.1.5 Description of Tourist Information Block:

The Proposed Building has 2 Storey with the typical wooden Truss Roof. The ground floor has an
floor area of 172.7 sq.m. In the ground floor the area is planned so as it has a souvenir shop with
the souvenir store, ticket counter, reception ,locker room and the audio-visual room. The first
floor has the area of 172.7 sq.m. In the first floor the room proposed are for the administrative
purpose with room as follows: director office with attached bathroom, tourist research and
planning monitoring, tourist product and resource, staff room, office room ,toilet
Group-2 26 2021
Figure 11: Information Block elevations
Group-2 27 2021
7 Parking
The existing parking area of the Dolakha Bazar wasn’t proper planned and well managed. So, new
parking has been proposed with the area of
5188.45sq.m, where there is sufficient space
for 25 no. of cars, 7 no. of bus and 60 no. of
motorcycle.
Figure 12: Parking Area
Group-2 28 2021
8 Pakhalati Pond
8.1 Inspection/Documentation
Pakhalati pond is located in the newly developed settlement stretch of ward 2 and 3 and lies
outside the traditional settlement of the Dolakha Bajar. The documented report made by 068
batch states that during the medieval period, water supply system in Dolakha Bajar used to be
distributed through water conduits and canals were built for irrigating agricultural fields. For this
system 3 ponds were built at different appropriate location for ease in distribution.
One of the three ponds, Pakhalati pond, still exists but are not in use. During Janai Purnima,
rainwater is collected (monsoon rain) in Pakhalati pond which contributes to ritual celebration
on the occasion.
Figure 13: Pakhalati pond documentation drawing
Inferences from Inspection:
• Dried up pond
• One if the major water element of the settlement
• Surroundings left with no major intervention made
• Used mainly for community space during festivals
Group-2 29 2021
8.2 Interventions Proposed

a. Preservation
b. Protection
c. Revitalization through redesign of surrounding
8.3 Concept in Revitalization

The main concept in the process of revitalization of the pond was to create a pond complex that
can act as a common community space during festivals and also for daily gathering.
The pond complex is visualized as a space for public gathering since the area around water
conduits has always been used as a gathering space in case of Nepalese settlement. The intention
is also to provide a welcoming complex to the tourist visiting the Dolakha Settlement.
8.4 Design Development

In plan:
The entrance from the main road consists of two patis

placed vertically. The circulation is made through the
landscapes designed with soft areas and chautaris in
between which eventually leads to the elevated seating
platform across the pond. Same way of circulated is mirrored
on the other side of the platform which finally leads back to
the entrance.
Design for the revitalization of Pakhalati Pond is visualized

along a strong visual axis that connects the entrance to the
elevated seating platform across the pond. Traditional Pati
structures designed and placed perpendicular to the
entrance leads the circulation. It provides unobstructed view
of the platform from the entrance and hence initiates
movement towards the pond complex. Figure 14: Conceptual plan sketch of pond
Elevated seating platform is placed to create hierarchy and

hence design a symmetrical plan on either side. It is
designed on a contour overlooking the pond. It consists of
seating area and alternate green areas. Seating is provided
on various areas with retaining walls. This concept is
Figure 15: Conceptual section of pond
inspired from the seating that can be seen around the
ancient ponds of traditional Nepalese settlement.
Group-2 30 2021
Figure 16: Pond plan
Material:
The original material of the pond is not well documented. References from the water elements
around in the Dolakha Bajar shows that the major materials that was used is stone. So the
landscape and the platform across will be made of stone to represent the vernacular architecture.
Figure 17: Material reference of pond
Group-2 31 2021
Figure 19: Pond section
Figure 18: Pond and seating detail section
Water Supply to the pond:
The water collected from the roof gutter from the settlement on the higher contour will be used
to supply water to the dried-up pond. Since gravity is sufficient to collect water from the
settlement above, special water collection methods are not required.
Group-2 32 2021
Figure 20: Views of Pakhalati Pond
9 Indra Dev Singh Park

9.1 Documentation
Indra Singh Dev park is a memorial park located in Pakhalati
Tole. It was built in 2067 Bs in the memory of late King Indra
Singh Dev who is assumed to rule Dolakha in A.D. 1534 (BS
1591). Under the reign of Indra Singh Dev, Dolakha prospered
economically and advanced culturally, and trade relations
with Tibet were at their height. He is also credited for coining
the first coin of Nepal. So to pay him tribute this park was
initiated by Pushpa Utpadan Samuha, a local committee of
nine women who took it for themselves to establish a park in
a place which was beforehand a dumping site. Hence they set Figure 21 Indra Singh Dev Statue
up this park as a landmark to welcome tourists. They have
roses, marigold, harsayarsi, and tinpate flowers that are sold to devotees offering prayers to
Bhimeswar. They are guided by Bhimeswar Samudaik Kendra and Nagar Palika today.
Figure 22 Roses Figure 24 Harsayari Figure 23 Marigold
Group-2 33 2021
9.2 Observation
The park is in dilapidated condition and as per the photographs captured by our seniors the
pathways were not managed and the seating areas are also haphazardly organized. Initially, it
was started to flourish floriculture but due to lack of proper attention and timely maintenance,
it has now turned into an eyesore to the tourist. The park is situated in a prime location due to
which it has the potential to attract many tourists and serve as a historical landmark.
Figure 25 Entrance Figure 26 Pathways Figure 27 Seating spaces
9.3 Intervention
The park is located beside the Entrance gate of Dolakha Bhimeshor temple along Charikot-
Lamabagar Road. We saw that it has the potential to serve as a landmark and resting area for the
tourist visiting the temple or just passer-by. Considering its historical significance it is really
important to preserve and conserve it as it reflects how grateful people are towards the late king
for his tremendous work in the past and for keeping him forever in their memory. We’ve decided
to redesign the park to protect its environmental as well as historical significance.
(Refer to annex)
Figure 28 existing park plan
Figure 29 Proposed plan
9.4 Concept
The main concept of park redesign is to create a landmark to welcome tourists and provide them
a seating/resting space. Seating benches are provided alongside pathways as well as in between
where tourists after getting tickets from the tourist information center can relax.
Group-2 34 2021
Another main concept is to flourish floriculture in the park in a managed way as it was initially
built for. For that, we’ve provided mound-like landforms where flowers of different kinds are
planted and taken care of. These flowers are later to be sold by vendors to devotees offering
prayers to Bhimeswar temple and other deities.
Different
types of
flowers that
are offered
to different
gods and
goddesses
are planted
in this
mound. The
money that is
Figure 31 Flower beds Figure 30 Flower on mound
earned by
selling this flower is used for the conservation and maintenance of this park.
These kinds of open spaces also act as lungs for the areas and provide a space for social cohesion,
improve quality of life, and serves as evacuation areas in case of natural calamities.
Figure 32 Different types of flower offered to different deities
Source: Why is a specific flower offered to a specific God ? - Hindu Janajagruti Samiti (hindujagruti.org)
Group-2 35 2021
Figure 34 Indra singh dev park plan with different flowers
Figure 33 Section at S1-S1
Group-2 36 2021
Figure 35 Section at S1’-S1’
Figure 38 Park
Figure 39 Aerial view of park
Figure 37 View from entrance Figure 36 Memorial statue view
Group-2 37 2021
10 Entrance Gate
10.1 Introduction
The Dolakha Bhimeswar entrance gate is a brick clad RCC
gate in typical Newari architectural style. Its roof has jhingati
tiled like appearance with wooden moldings of Garuda and
Bajra. Two lion statues made of stone guard this gate one on
either side. Statues of lord Bhimeswor are seen engraved on
the pillars.
Figure 40 Dolakha Bhimeswar entrance

gate
10.2 Observation
Recent photos show red paint all over the gate. As for the
design observation, the gate is not true to its material. The
roof has just tiled like appearance not actual tiles. Moreover,
the proportion of the gate is not proportionate, mainly the
roof portion with its proportion not in Newari style of 30
degrees. The beams of the gate are also exposed which
devalues the style of the gate.
Figure 41: Recent photo of the gate
10.3 Reference Study
For references, the Newari Traditional styled entrance gates of

Kathmandu Valley were studied. Observations of the materials were
done. Brick, wood, Jhingati tiles were the main materials. The presence
of Gajur can be seen at the top with three gajurs. The proportion and
roof structures were also studied.
Figure 42: Traditional gate

of the valley
Group-2 38 2021
10.4 Intervention
The Dolakha Bhimeswar entrance gate, which is a brick clad RCC gate in typical Newari
architectural style, was not true to its material. Hence the use of true matreials i.e in place of red
painted Brick, original Bricks are proposed. Same way in its roof which has jhingati tiled like
appearance, true Jhingati tiles are proposed to be used with wooden moldings of Garuda and
Bajra. Two lion statues made of stone guard this gate one on either side are kept intact. Same for
the statues of lord Bhimeswor engraved on the pillars.
Moreover, the proportion of the gate has been maintained according to the typical Newari
architectural style which has 30 degree slope and projection. The beam which were exposed has
been hidden to enhance the beauty of the gate.
Group-2 39 2021
10.5 Detailing
Figure 45: Hidden Beam Figure 44: Gajurs
Figure 46: Wooden moldings of Garuda and Bajra
Figure 47: Bhimsen engraved in the pillar
Figure 43: Lion statues
Group-2 40 2021
11 Traditional Settlement
11.1 Background
Old Dolakha had the built space with its traditional local material created an environment with
beauty for which it was renowned. The white lime plastered building with stone pavement
created a different aura during the time.
11.2 Introduction:
The traditional stretch is not the core traditional settlement of the Dolakha Bajar. It lies at the
entrance of the settlement. It is more developed as a peri urban area. The stretch consists of
Pakhalati, Pukhuracha, Dwakanchhen and Likhanchhen chowk. There are Newar, Brahmin,
Gurung and residing in this stretch.
Group-2 41 2021
Structures and activities:
The activities that are mainly found in this stretch is commercial shops such as cold store, local
bar. Some of the residential buildings are turned into lodges in the upper floor and again shops
on the lower floor. The traditional buildings are found towards the end of the stretch. The
entrance of the stretch is more packed with modern buildings.
Group-2 42 2021
Inferences from documentation:
• Commercial Activities present on ground

floor
• Typical traditional house is of 3 to 3 and
half storey
• Many modern buildings built haphazardly
• Loss of traditional and vernacular
architecture
• Needs to conserve the traditional residential characteristic of the stretch
• Needs to accommodate their source of income (shops and restaurants)
11.4 Conservation Approach

From the documentation of structures and activities of this stretch, the conservation approach
adopted is to develop this stretch as a mixed commercial and residential zone. This zone will act
as an introduction of the “Vernacular and Traditional Residential Architecture of Dolakha” at
the initiation of heritage trail.
11.5 Proposed intervention

• Designing typical three and half storey traditional, mixed-use building
• Reconstruction, repair and retrofitting in required structures
• Façade redesign
• Infrastructure development
• Rest area design
Locating the projects on the site
Figure 48: Typical 3 and half storey traditional Figure 49: facade redesign buildings
buildings
Group-2 43 2021
Figure 3: Rest area Figure 4: Interventions on house R6
11.5.1 Typical 3 and half Storey Mixed Use Building Design

A total of 10 sites are selected where the typical building will
be designed
• Pakhalati tole – 2
• Pukhuracha tole –2
• Dwakachhen Tole –6
Group-2 44 2021
PROPOSED INTERVENTION ON EACH BUILDING:
House L12, R3, R8
• Existing
• Changing CGI roofing to stone slate
• Repair of minor cracks
L12 R3
House L5, L9, L14, R7, R15, R16
• Reconstruction
L5 L9 L14
R15 R16
Group-2 45 2021
House R14
❖ Repair and retrofitting

Problem:
• Gable wall topping
Solution
• Removing heavy materials
• Replacing with lighter materials
• Options:
R14
o Use of CGI sheets at gable parts
o Use of timber at gable parts
PROPOSAL OF THREE AND HALF STOREY TRADITIONAL BUILDING
The proposal of three and half storey building is made to incorporate both residential and
commercial function. According to the site two type of typical building are proposed, one on the
upper contour level and one on the lower contour level. As seen in the section of the site,
northern part of the site is at a higher elevation and the southern side is on the level of the road.
So, the northern areas will be designed as a residential cum commercial building with restaurant
at the ground floor with open dining on the front yard. The southern areas will be designed with
commercial shops on the ground floor, which will be at the street level and can be directly
accessed.
Figure 50: Map showing the areas for two typologies of typical 3 and half storey building with
section of the site
Group-2 46 2021
Figure 7: Typology 1 with Restaurant and Outdoor seating in elevation
Figure 51: Typology 2 with commercial shops at street level in elevation
Figure 9: Site Section
Group-2 47 2021
TYPICAL 3 AND HALF STOREY TRADITIONAL, TYPE 1:
• Building Storey : 3 And Half

• Ground Floor : Entering the House,
: Storage,
: Restaurant, Outdoor Seating
• First Floor : Bedroom
• Second Floor : Living Area
• Attic Space : Kitchen with Open Fire Place
DETAILING:
PLAN: ROOF:
• Elongated plan 11m x 7.2m • Gable roof

• Longer facade facing south, south east, • Roofing, Khari Dhunga
south west • Large overhang, 850mm used
• Ceiling height 2- to 3m, 2.4m used • Roof angle, 27+/- 5 degrees, 30
degrees used
STOREY WALLS:
• 3 and half storey • Loadbearing up to 1m, 720mm thick

• Space under the roof creates attic space used
• Ventilated with windows at each gable • Plastered inside and outside using
end white ocher or red mud
• Location of kitchen on top of building, • Stone wall, random rubble masonry
prevent overheating of living and • Clay and earth mortar
bedroom in summer
• Double banked rooms
FOUNDATION
• Stone foundation
• 60 to 80 cm deep stone plinth found in Dolakha
• Raised as platform, extended about 1.5m to create veranda
Group-2 48 2021
Figure 52: Detail Plan of Typology 1 Building
Group-2 49 2021
TYPICAL 3 AND HALF STOREY TRADITIONAL, TYPE 2:
• Building Storey : 3 And Half

• Ground Floor : Entering the House
: Storage
: Commercial shops
• First Floor : Bedroom
• Second Floor : Living Area
• Attic Space : Kitchen with Open Fire Place
Figure 53: Detail Plan of Typology 2 Building
Group-2 50 2021
Figure 55: Elevation from front yard
Figure 54: Store Front Elevation
Group-2 51 2021
Figure 56: Section at X-X
Group-2 52 2021
12 Rest Area
The traditional stretch is visualized as a commercial cum residential area that provides a image
of traditional residential architecture of Dolakha Bajar. Looking back at our culture and tradition,
rest areas are generally designed either as a Pati in community area, or designed as a chautari
beside a natural water source in case of hill areas. These are provided on the midway to a certain
destination.
12.2 Proposed Design Concept

The concept of the rest area is derived from our culture of
offering at least a glass of drinking water to whoever takes a
rest outside our house for space. The concept of serving the
strangers with drinking water and the use of Pati as the rest
space in traditional Newari settlement is combined to draft a
rest area that provides both the service.
The site is located on almost at the centre of the traditional

stretch. On the way back from Dolakha Bhimsen or the
proposed heritage trail, it is located after an uphill contour
ends. This hence becomes appropriate area to take rest and Figure 57: Freestanding jahru
drink water. For the public drinking water supply, vertical wall on the Dattatreya Square in
element is inspired from the concept of Jahru, which is the Bhaktapur
traditional water supply spot in Nepalese settlement.

In plan:
The entrance of the rest area is from the street

level which leads to an open stone paved area.
Traditional Phalcha structure rest on the end of the
stone paved complex which is for shaded rest area.
The drinking water element beside the Phalcha
consists provision of drinking water supply. The
storage of the drinking water is placed behind the
wall element, away from the view from entrance.
It will supply water after going through a
purification process. The tap is designed as a stone
Dhungedhara tap. The wall element is a mixture of Figure 58: Rest Area
modern and traditional Newari architecture.
Group-2 53 2021
Figure 59: Plan of Rest area
Figure 60: Elevation of Rest Area
Group-2 54 2021
The residential cum commercial buildings on the higher contour overlooks the rest areas. The
outdoor seating of these areas will have additional view of this gathering space.
Figure 61: Water Element Elevation Figure 6: Rest Area on Street

Elevation
Figure 7: Section of Phalcha Figure 8: Elevational Detail of water wall

element
Material:
The complex of rest area is paved with stone on the floor. The Phalcha is made of wood and bricks
as the traditional Phalcha. The wall element is again made of stone on the floor and with brick
on the elevation. Traditional niches are modified and designed on the wall element for the
traditional look. The bricks are exposed on some surfaces and some areas are plastered using the
white ochre, the traditional plastering material of Dolakha Bajar.
Group-2 55 2021
Water Supply:
Dolakha Bajar has the existing provision of “Ek Ghar Ek Dhara” which is supplied from the
municipality. Same water supply network will be extended and will supply water to the storage
tank. The water will be purified on the Purifying tank and hence will be supplied to the water tap.
Figure 9: Treatment Process
Figure 10: Various Views of Rest Area
Group-2 56 2021
13 Façade Redesign
White washed building with stone pavement was the original aura of traditional settlement of
Dolakha. In recent times there has been the loss of traditional and vernacular architecture. There
is the need to conserve the traditional residential characteristic of the stretch. The proposal of
Façade redesign has been thus proposed with major focus on the use of traditional elements.
Following points has been incorporated in the façade redesign
Materials:
o White ocher in wall plaster

o Wooden posts and railings
o Store front changed from shutter to wooden doors
Roofing
o Addition on slope roof on top floor

o Angle 30 degrees
o Khari dhunga on slope roof
o Overhang 850 mm
Balconies
Group-2 57 2021
o 850mm projection on longer facade
Old Street Sections
Proposed Street Sections
Group-2 58 2021
13.1 The Changes

Old
Proposed
Old
Proposed
Group-2 59 2021
Old
Proposed
Old
Proposed
Group-2 60 2021
13.2 Detailing
In the stretches we had changed the shutter metal doors to wooden posts doors. In the same
way the windows were given traditional Newari looks.
Figure 62: Modification of shutter

Figure 63: Modification of Window
The flats roofs were converted to sloped roof. The pre-existing roofs with unproportioned slope
were given proper slopes
Figure 65: Modification of Flat roof
Figure 64: Modification of Slope roof
Group-2 61 2021
14 Intervention of House-R6
R6 is a 2 and half storey typical house located in the Pukhurcha tole which is in deteriorated
state due to the 2015 earthquake with both of its external side walls destroyed. Hence, the
proposal of reconstruction of the house is proposed. For the reconstruction detail drawings of
the house has been prepared.
Figure 66: R6 House
Group-2 62 2021
14.1 Construction Drawings
Group-2 63 2021
Group-2 64 2021
14.2 Detail Drawings
Group-2 65 2021
Group-2 66 2021
15 Newly Developed Settlement area

15.1 Documentation
Another stretch that was assigned to
Group B is a newly developed
settlement lying in wards no. 2 and 3 of
Bhimeshor municipality. The study area
lies outside of the traditional settlement
area along Charikot-Lamabagar
highways and consisted of a total of 53
households, out of which 3 were
monuments, 18 traditional, 27 modern
and 5 were institutional buildings. The
settlement is linearly developed
alongside the road. Since this area is at
the entrance it has a much mixed-used
building with a storefront that houses
lodges, restaurants, and shops. All the
buildings are constructed out of modern Figure 67 Newly developed stretch
material, and construction technology.
15.2 Observation
People have been constructing modern buildings neglecting the vernacular architecture and
locally found material as transportation has made it easier to access modern material and labor.
And as a result, there is a Loss of traditional materials, technology as well as no trace of vernacular
architecture. The stretch has been developing as a concrete jungle and has lost the identity of
the residential building. So we have proposed certain interventions for the façade redesign of the
building to bring back the vernacular and traditional residential architecture of Dolakha.
Figure 68 South street elevation
Figure 69 North Street elevation
Group-2 67 2021
15.3 Intervention
The stretch is developed as a mixed commercial zone. To
bring the residential architecture of Dolakha some
interventions are proposed for the façade redesign. This
intervention of material, door, windows, balconies, railing,
projection, roofing material and slope, and traditional
wooden struts and then can be taken into consideration
while constructing a new building or a façade redesign of
an existing building to blend with the vernacular
architecture of Dolkaha.
15.4 Detailing Figure 70 Existing buildings (Lila Shrestha

Residence)
Material: The white ochre is widely used as wall
plaster in typical houses of Dolakha. The architecture of Dolakha is similar to that of typical
Newari architecture so the houses have decorative doors and windows made out of wooden
material. Also, the typical store's front is changed from shutter to wooden doors.
Roofing: The roofing material mostly found in Dolkaha is Slate (also known as Khari dhunga). It is
a locally available material so at the top floor level flat roof or CGI sheets are replaced with a
sloping roof with roofing material slate which sits on typical timer trusses. The slope is at a 30-
degree angle.
Balconies: The balconies are usually projected on the longer facades and the projection is not
more than 850 mm in dimension. The balcony consists of a wooden railing to give a traditional
look.
Doors and windows: The shutter at the storefront is replaced with series of wooden doors that
are found in traditional buildings. Decorative wooden doors and rectangular windows are used.
Figure 72 3D view of typical 3 story building Figure 71 View from road
Group-2 68 2021
15.5 Typical 3 story building

A typical 3-story building (Lila Shrestha Residence) is redesigned following the façade redesign
interventions that we’ve proposed.
Figure 75 Floor plan
Figure 74 Front Elevation Figure 73 Back elevation Figure 76 Side Elevation
Figure 77 Opening schedule
(Not to the scale, Refer to annex)

Figure 78 Section at A-A
Group-2 69 2021
16 Lodge (Extended Stay Hotel)

16.1 Introduction
The proposed lodge is situated in a newly developed settlement area alongside the Charikot-
Lamabagar road. The site is easily accessible as it lies near to Dolakha Bhimsen entrance gate,
parking area, and tourist information center. It is also located at the node of the route that leads
to Dolakha Bhimsen Temple. The parking for the lodge is not available but the visitors can park
their vehicle at the communal parking provided at the entrance.
16.2 Need Identification

Before the implementation of this pilot project we got a chance
to interview one of the old residents of Dolakha, “I live in Kavre
but my ancestral home is in Dolakha near the temple itself. I
belong to Pujauri Family (Shrestha's). We migrated to Kavre
during my great grandfather's time. They had 16-17 brothers. Due
to family issues, we had to shift to Kavre” (Kumar Pradhan).
So there is this trend of migrating due to family disputes, or for

better education and job opportunities. They have settled in
Kavre completely where they have their own Kul mandir where
Kul puja is done but they have a ‘Culture of returning’ to the
Dolkha Bhimsen temple before their own Kul puja. During the Figure 79 Kumar Pradhan
month of Chaitra 100-200 people visit the temple and worship.
They usually stay there for 2-3 days. He further added that we have problems while staying there
as we can’t all accommodate in our old house also there are lesser no. of lodges and hotels that
make us feel at home.
16.3 Concept
The main concept of this lodge is that it is especially dedicated to these migrated people who
come back to pay their respect to their ancestor and their culture. During Conservation,
development, planning, designing we only think about the people who live there (the
inhabitants) but What about these people who have migrated but come back every year. They
are not tourists. They come there to pay their respect to their Ancestral place and temples. So
this project will be dedicated to respecting these people so that when they come they feel at
home.
The plan of the lodge is designed rectangular and the frontage to depth ratio is 1:1.5 which is the
average ratio of residential building found in Dolakha.
Group-2 70 2021

This 3-story hotel can accommodate 25-30 people at a time. The room is designed with a pantry
space of their own since during the time of Kul puja they cook their food so for that small pantry
space and dining space are provided. The ground floor consists of Restaurant and bar area where
visitors visiting dolakha can dine and relax. This restaurant area is open for all to sustain it for the
long term. The first and second floors consist of 4 bedrooms each with a pantry and washroom
area. The building is an RCC structure but the façade is designed in such a way to blend with
traditional building architecture that is evident in Dolakha. The roof consists of a sloping roof with
a roofing material slate on top. The roof is placed at a 30’ angle. The building is designed
according to the proposed intervention as mentioned earlier. The building made use of locally
available material. White ocher is used in wall plaster. Decorative than is provided on the ground
floor for a traditional look as well as to maximize daylight into the interior. A rectangular wooden
window is provided on the façade and an 850mm balcony is projected towards the longer façade.
The wooden elements that are used in traditional architecture like struts, wooden railing are used
on the façade to bring back the vernacular architecture of Dolakha.
Figure 80 Floor plan
Figure 83 Front elevation Figure 81 Side elevation Figure 82 Back Elevation
Group-2 71 2021
Figure 85 Section at A-A Figure 84 Opening Schedule
Figure 87 Lodge
Figure 86 View from Entrance gate
Group-2 72 2021
17 Infrastructure
17.1 Road
Dolakha is located approximately 145 kilometers to the east of Kathmandu, in the Dolakha district of
the Janakpur zone along Araniko highway and Lamosangu – Ramechhap highway. It is only about
three kilometers from the Dolakha District government center of Charikot. The Charikot-Lamosangu
road is 6-6.3 m wide with side drain on one side is black topped until Dolakha Bhimsen entrance gate
which turns into graveled road afterwards. The 5-7m wide road penetrates into the settlement of
Bhimeshwar municipality at a junction which is distinct by virtue of the communal Space Chautari
and a memorial park. This road is 5.4 m wide and is stone laid throughout. It runs through the
settlement dividing it into two linear zones. It also connects the main road to the Dolakha Bhimeswor
temple.
Figure 89 Section of Dolakha-Charikot road
Figure 88: Foot trail
11.61
%
31.34
57.05
%
%
Figure 92 Way to Bhimeshor from Figure 90: 5.4 m wide stone paved
Figure 91 Dolakha-Charikot road
Dolakha Bus-park inner road
The traditional Newari settlement of Dolakha had been planned in such a way that every cluster
is connected by the main road in which the Jatra route falls. Some portions of the roads were
found to be earthen whereas some were stone paved. Some of the inner settlements are
Group-2 73 2021
connected by foot trail. Out of total road network about 11.61% is black-topped metaled surface,
about 57.05% is foot trail and rest of 31.34% have stone paved access which is also the route for
jatra and other ceremonial activities of the villagers.
Figure 93 Base-map of Dolakha Bazaar with different road network and monuments
17.2 Signage
Signage is any kind of visual graphics created to display information to a particular audience. This
is typically manifested in the form of wayfinding information in places such as streets or
inside/outside of buildings.
Group-2 74 2021
In Dolakha Bazzar, from entry (Pakhalati) to the Dwakanchhen tole, we have proposed 8 signage,
4 at pakhalati and other 4 on the entry stretch as shown in fig. Signage are provided at chowks
and at entrances for safety as well as to provide proper guidance to the visitors, as shown in
Figure 94: Signage layout plan
fingure
Chowks Entry Between Parking

Tourist
gate and tourist center
Information
Centre
Figure 95: Signage Drawings
We also proposed a signage for Dolakha Bhimsen Heritage trial along with important monuments
listed on the signage, as shown in fig. The signage is placed beside the Dolakha Bhimsen entrance
gate for safety and comfort of tourist.
Group-2 75 2021
Figure 96: Signage showing Dolakha Bazzar map
Group-2 76 2021
17.3 Public Toilet and Atm

A public toilet is a room or small building with toilets (or urinals)
and sinks for use by the general public outside a particular household.
The facilities are available to customers, travellers, employees of a
business, school pupils and prisoners and are commonly separated into
male and female toilets, although some are unisex, especially for small
or single-occupancy public toilets. Increasingly, public toilets are
accessible to people with disabilities.
We proposed a public toilet near the gate inside information center. It

will be easy for the visitors to find the toilet who have travel long way
to get to the Dolakha Bazzar and also will be easy for the visitors who
are returning their home or another destination.
17.4 Waste Bins Figure 97: Public toilet at

information centre
A waste container, also known as
a dustbin, garbage can, and trash can is a
type of container that is usually made out
of metal or plastic.
We propose a waste bin inspired from doko,

to have a traditional look in the design. It has
trapezoidal shape design wide at the top and
narrow at the bottom. We have colored the
top part of waste bin because to separate
different waste product rather than painting Figure 98: Waste bin
the whole bin, in order to preserve its
traditional design.
According to standard data, the bins shouldn’t be placed more than 500m. We have placed the
bins on the parks and around the Dolakha bazzar of our stretch.
17.5 Drinking Water

Water supply system has improved in Dolakha Bazaar in the recent years. City drinking water
projects and other smaller projects has been providing water supply to the residents of
Bhimeswar Municipality and Dolakha Bazaar.
Drinking water is distributed through personal taps. The reservoir at Manjushree hill is used to
channel the water to the household in lower region. There is the presence of communal taps at
many toles but the source has dried up. After the municipality launched the program of ek ghar
ek dhara more than 95% of the families of Dolakha Bazaar now have access to drinking water
through pipeline distribution. Individual meter system is also present.
Group-2 77 2021
Figure 99: Seating and drinking water elevation

Figure 100: Seating and Drinking water location
We proposed a public drinking water with seating space in middle of our stretch, for the locals
and visitors who came to see the heritage of Dolakha. We have provided the design that will give
the traditional essence of the Dolakha Bazzar without disturbing the cityscape.
17.6 Electricity and street light

Electricity in Dolakha Bazaar is directly provided from NEA through National Grid.
There is 11KV national transmission line which distributes electricity to the houses
in Dolakha Bazaar. There are also other Hydropower projects running around the
periphery of Dolkaha Bazaar, which includes:
➢ Upper Tamakoshi
➢ Tamakoshi III
➢ Tamakoshi VI
➢ Upper Lamabagar
➢ Sunkoshi Hydropower Station
Figure 101: Street
lamp elevation
Group-2 78 2021
We proposed a traditional design street light inspired from the European traditional street light
as shown in fig. The street light are placed between electricity poles. As the electricity
transmission line is 11KV, according to standard data the poles should be between 6m to 8m. We
place the pole in 8m distance.
Electric pole
Street light
Figure 102: Electic pole and Street lamp position
17.7 Sewer and irrigation facilities

Every house hold has its own toilet in their house. The solid wastes are led to septic tank
managed in their respective houses. Almost every house has a septic tank. The kitchen wastes
are decomposed in a compost pit and used as manure in the fields. Previously the waste from
each household used to be flushed out by the pond at the top of the hill running downstream
which accumulated at a pond in the lower hill.
This was further channeled to the fields for irrigation.
Such facilities were available some 20 years ago.
However, no such facility is available right now. So, they
depend on tap water for irrigation as well.
There is also existing drainage at the left side of the

pathway form entry, all way down to the agriculture
field. The drainage is now not in use and well
maintained, as shown in fig.
Group-2 79 2021
We only propose the drainage to be well maintained and clean, so that the rainwater can be drain
out to the agriculture field for irrigation purpose.
Figure 104: Drainage map Figure 103: Street section from S3
Group-2 80 2021
18 Monuments
The fours monuments given to our group were
o Machhindranath Temple
o Taleju Temple
o Narayan Temple
o Nateshwor Temple
Group-2 81 2021
18.1 Machhindranath Temple

This one and half storeyed temple is one of the important temple present in Dolakha, and is
located in the north side of Palace area on the Bagarchhen’s tole of ward number 2 of
Bhimeshwor municipality. Its valuable element is the idol of Macchindranath and it was built for
the same purpose but idol is housed here only during its Puja. Its ground floor is partitioned in
two parts where one room is used as the shrine of temple whereas another one is used as animal
shed. The room on its first floor is used as store. It is topped with brass pinnacle
18.1.1 Interventions
This temple was recently renovated by plastering with cement and lime on its exterior walls. This
is one and half storeyed temple with two way sloped roof where CGI sheet is used as roofing
material.
Proposal-CGI Roofing to Jhingati roofing (Traditional material)
Remark- Prohibition of Cement use in monumental building
18.1.2 Drawings
Group-2 82 2021
18.1.3 Research Studies

To understand the historical context of the temple we researched about Machhindranath Temple
Machhindranath is said to be God of Rain. The temple was establisedh on Dolakha on 639 NS
Baisakh with ajatra of 7 days every year
Machhindranath is one of the 108 forms of Lokeshwar all around the world
Lokeshwar is a deity worshipped by both Hindus and Buddhists. Because the deity is said to have
the betterment of humankind at heart, it is also referred to as Karunamaya (a body of
compassion).
Hindu people worship the deity as Matsyendranath/Machhindranath or a form of Lord Shiva

whereas Buddhist people worship them as Avalokeshwar. Among them, here are the four major
Lokeshwars worshipped widely:
Rato Machhindranath
Seto Machhindranath
Nala Karunamaya
Chobhar Karunamaya
While three deities have one temple each, Rato Machhindranath has two. The main Rato
Machhindranath temple is located in Karyabinayak, Bungamati, where the deity spends six
months a year. Likewise, spends another six months at Machhindra Baha or Ta Baha of Patan.
Group-2 83 2021
18.2 Taleju Temple
Taleju Temple is also known as Rajkuleshowor Temple. It was completely destroyed during 2015
Earthquake and has been recently been reconstructed as it was before.
18.2.1 Drawings
Group-2 84 2021
The Swiss government has been investing in Dolakha (reconstructing the heritage site) for the
past eight years, has extended exclusive support to two popular temples - Taleju Bhawani and
Tripura Sundari. According to sources, the government has already spent Rs 70 million in order
to repair those temples.
“The temples are being rebuilt in the same old style. These were built in a very special way. So,
we have to be very careful. The windows and doors would be exactly as before. There are special
stones used. The cutting needs very skilled workers. Some types of stones were not available
here. So we had to bring them from India. Similarly, the doors and windows were designed very
uniquely. We are replacing them in exactly the same way,”
- Engineer with the NRA department, Sujan Budathoki
Group-2 85 2021
18.3 Narayan Temple
Narayan Temple is situated right in front of Swayambhu stupa on

the north side. The 1 storey temple contains idols of Laxmi-
Narayan inside. A stone pillar is established outside. It features
brick, timber and CGI sheet construction. A stone pinnacle is
installed on the top.
This temple used to be 2 stories in the past, with Jhingati roofing, but it was reduced to 1 storey
with CGI sheet roofing upon reconstruction about 26 years ago.
Proposal
CGI Roofing to Jhingati roofing
Remark-
If any evidence of 2 storey found must be restored to the original structure
18.3.2 Drawings
Group-2 86 2021
Narayan Temple are mostly two storeyed temple. Hence the need to find the evidence of the 2
storeyed Narayan temple of Dolakha
Group-2 87 2021
18.4 Nateshwor Temple

This small single storied mandir, along the roadside, was
located in ward number 4 of Dungal tole.Inside the
shrine were the images of different deities like
Nateshwor, Mahadev, Bhairab, Ganesh,Saraswoti,
Garud narayana. There was a single entrance and exit
gate to the temple area whereasthere were two steps
leading to the main door. Nateshwor mandir was located
on south-west of Dungal chhe i.e. Palace of king and
queen.
Significance
It was believed and worshipped by people before learning any skills or before starting any new
works or carrying out any programs. All jatras were first worshipped here and then only taken
out for their ride. People also prayed to ask for forgiveness to the deity.
Renovation
It was reconstructed completely during the time period of 2010 to 2012 B.S as per a local
contractor named Chitra Bahadur Shivabhakti. The renovation works had been carried out two
to three times And the last renovation was carried out during 2031 B.S. During renovation works,
roof had been changed from thatch to CGI sheets. However, there had not been any change in
its original structure apart from roofing materials.
It was reconstructed completely during the time period of 2010 to 2012 B.S the last renovation
was carried out during 2031 B.S in which only the roof had been changed from thatch to CGI
sheets.
Proposal
CGI Roofing to Jhingati roofing
Conservation of Culture
No girls are allowed inside the temple complex because it was said that it could make a girl go
crazy. They are not even allowed to have any prasad of the temple. Thus for girls, a small niche
in the outside temple complex had been made to put tika of the Nateshwor deity.
Remark-
Awareness regarding gender discrimination
Group-2 88 2021
18.4.2 Drawings
Group-2 89 2021
19 Conclusion and Recommendations
In short, on comparison with Charikot, Bhimeswar Municipality appears impermeable to rapid

development, yet there is evidence of them in the top part of the region near Bus Park in
Pakhalati. Although there are some traces. However, when the route goes to the interior
settlement, it impresses us, far from the busy and haphazard colonization of the adjacent
Charikot, as it is still a little town.
As we walk throughout the town, among newly erected buildings lining the streets, we can
observe houses that appear to challenge changing times. Some houses still have slate roofs,
others have zinc sheet-roofed roofs. Those houses have their remarkably old age in their bustling
and weather-striking doors and windows.
The conservation scope is excellent here because it comprises historic buildings and goes from
urban planning to preserving a deteriorating antique. It is crucial for the new generation to
preserve and maintain such great masterpieces and to prevent important buildings from
degradation. This could include many types of conservation treatment, such as deterioration
prevention, preservation, consolidation, restauration, reproduction, reassessment, anastylosis,
renewal, reintegration and restoration of conjecture. The major goal is to maintain the area's
originality and provide it fresh life and promote the region's tourism. The past always means the
future and so now we need to preserve the buildings so that the grace of the past can be seen
and felt by future generations.
Group-2 90 2021

Department of Architecture: Final Report Conservation Studio

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Department of Architecture: Final Report Conservation Studio

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

GROUP-2 Prof. Dr. Sudha Shrestha

Abhishek Maharjan-202 Asst. Prof. Dr. Bijay Singh

August 31, 2021

2 Method applied ..................................................................................................... 10

3 Literature Review ................................................................................................. 11

4 Case Study ........................................................................................................... 18

6 Tourist Information Centre .................................................................................. 23

8 Pakhalati Pond ..................................................................................................... 29

9 Indra Dev Singh Park ........................................................................................... 33

10 Entrance Gate ................................................................................................... 38

11 Traditional Settlement ...................................................................................... 41

12 Rest Area ........................................................................................................... 53

13 Façade Redesign .............................................................................................. 57

14 Intervention of House-R6 ................................................................................. 62

14.2 Detail Drawings 65

15 Newly Developed Settlement area .................................................................. 67

16 Lodge (Extended Stay Hotel) ........................................................................... 70

Figure 44: Gajurs ........................................................................................................................... 40

Figure 87 Lodge ............................................................................................................................. 72

1.2 Old Dolakha and Present Dolakha

Figure 2:Old Dolakha

Figure 3:Present Dolakha

National and International

Dolakha Bazzar documentation

Final Report and Drawings

The Conservation of a building involves the following:

There are different degrees of intervention involved in Conservation

3.1 Cultural heritage Charters and Standards

ICOMOS is an international non-governmental organisation that promotes the study of the

The Burra Charter

3.2 INTERVENTIONS ON STRUCTURES

3.2.2 REPAIR OF FOUNDATION:

3.2.3 REPAIR OF CRACKS ON WALLS:

3.2.4 Action # 1: Repair Minor to Cracks Using Grouting

Steps: Grouting can be done as following:

3.2.5 Action # 2: Repair Major Cracks by Fixing Wire Mesh

• Clamp the mesh with the wall using nails.

3.2.6 Action # 3: Repair Major Cracks by Using Stitching Elements

Material and Equipment

Action #4: Repair of Damaged Wall by Rebuilding

4.1.1 Upper Mustang Conservation and Development Project

UMCDP focused broadly on five key programs:

4.1.2 King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (KMTNC)

• Conservation of nature through environmental cleanliness

4.2 Cumalikizik Village, Bursa, Turkey

AREA: 86,460 SQ.M

TOPOGRAPHY: It lies on the Slopes

POPULATION: Approx. 860

NO. OF RESIDENTIAL UNITS:

• Pakhalati, Pukhurucha, Dwakanchhen,

Figure 6: present Dolakha bazar

Likhanchhen and Biyarchhen Tole

5.1.1 Pakhalati, Pukhurucha, Dwakanchhen, Likhanchhen and Biyarchhen Tole:

This stretch is basically a peri-urban area, in which Pakhalati, Pukhurucha, Dwakanchhen,

5.1.1.1 Road network:

5.1.2 New Developed

It is the new developed settlements

Figure 7: Newly developed settlement

5.2 7 projects and 4 monuments

5.3 Entrance Complex