a=1 Nama : Rizha Yudha

b=6 NIM : 202012116

Tugas : UTS Numerik

f(x) = x 4 - 5,1 x + 3,6 x + 1,1 x - 31

3 2

A. Penyelesaian Metode Grafik

x f(x)
4 -39,4 f(x)
4,1 -34,895 60
4,2 -29,5552
4,3 -23,3116 40
4,4 -16,0928
4,5 -7,825 20
4,6 1,568
4,7 12,1648 0
4,8 24,0464 3,5 3,7 3,9 4,1 4,3 4,5 4,7 4,9 5,1
4,9 37,2962
-20
5 52
-40

-60

Dari grafik diatas, f(x) = 0 terletak diantara 4,5 dan 4,6, dapat diperkirakan nilai x = 4,55
B. (i) Metode bagi dua
x1 = 4,5
x2 = 4,6
xr = (x1+x2)/2 = 4,55

Iterasi x1 f(x1) x2 f(x2) xr f(xr) f(x1) * f(xr) Error

1 4,5 -7,825 4,6 1,568 4,55 -3,2740063 25,619099
2 4,55 -3,274006 4,6 1,568 4,575 -0,8899949 2,9138489 0,5464481
3 4,575 -0,889995 4,6 1,568 4,5875 0,3296772 -0,293411 0,2724796
4 4,575 -0,889995 4,5875 0,3296772 4,58125 -0,2824805 0,2514062 0,1364256
5 4,58125 -0,282481 4,5875 0,3296772 4,584375 0,0230167 -0,0065018 0,0681663
6 4,58125 -0,282481 4,584375 0,0230167 4,5828125 -0,1298772 0,0366878 0,0340948
7 4,5828125 -0,129877 4,584375 0,0230167 4,5835938 -0,0534666 0,0069441 0,0170445
8 4,5835938 -0,053467 4,584375 0,0230167 4,5839844 -0,015234 0,0008145 0,0085215
9 4,5839844 -0,015234 4,584375 0,0230167 4,5841797 0,0038891 -5,925E-05 0,0042606
10 4,5839844 -0,015234 4,5841797 0,0038891 4,584082 -0,005673 8,642E-05 0,0021303
11 4,584082 -0,005673 4,5841797 0,0038891 4,5841309 -0,0008921 5,061E-06 0,0010652
12 4,5841309 -0,000892 4,5841797 0,0038891 4,5841553 0,0014984 -1,337E-06 0,0005326
13 4,5841309 -0,000892 4,5841553 0,0014984 4,5841431 0,0003032 -2,704E-07 0,0002663
14 4,5841309 -0,000892 4,5841431 0,0003032 4,584137 -0,0002945 2,627E-07 0,0001331
15 4,584137 -0,000294 4,5841431 0,0003032 4,58414 4,331E-06 -1,276E-09 6,657E-05
16 4,584137 -0,000294 4,58414 4,331E-06 4,5841385 -0,0001451 4,272E-08 3,329E-05
17 4,5841385 -0,000145 4,58414 4,331E-06 4,5841393 -7,037E-05 1,021E-08 1,664E-05
18 4,5841393 -7,04E-05 4,58414 4,331E-06 4,5841396 -3,302E-05 2,324E-09 8,322E-06
19 4,5841396 -3,3E-05 4,58414 4,331E-06 4,5841398 -1,434E-05 4,737E-10 4,161E-06
20 4,5841398 -1,43E-05 4,58414 4,331E-06 4,5841399 -5,007E-06 7,182E-11 2,08E-06
21 4,5841399 -5,01E-06 4,58414 4,331E-06 4,58414 -3,376E-07 1,69E-12 1,04E-06

Dengan menggunakan metode bagi dua, nilai akar (x) = 4,584137 dengan error 6,657E-05
B (ii) Metode Newton Raphson

f(x) = x 4 - 5,1 x 3 + 3,6 x 2 + 1,1 x - 31

Turunan :
f'(x) = 4x 3 - 15,3x 2 + 7,2x + 1,1

Koefisien f(x) Koefisien f'(x)

a0 -31 a0 1,1
a1 1,1 a1 7,2
a2 3,6 a2 -15,3
a3 -5,1 a3 4
a4 1 a4

Iterasi x f(x) f'(x) xr Error

1 4 -39,4 41,1 4,9586375 19,332679
2 4,9586375 45,736209 148,29809 4,6502302 6,632086
3 4,6502302 6,7353085 105,96288 4,5866673 1,3858189
4 4,5866673 0,2478495 98,21836 4,5841438 0,0550474
5 4,5841438 0,0003796 97,917569 4,58414 8,457E-05
6 4,58414 8,952E-10 97,917107 4,58414 1,994E-10
7 4,58414 -3,55E-14 97,917107 4,58414 0

Dengan menggunakan metode Newton Raphson, akar (x) = 4,58414

 A=1
B=6

A. Sketsa Grafik

𝒙𝒙
𝒇𝒇 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙𝟏𝟏,𝟏𝟏 𝒆𝒆− 𝟕𝟕 𝟐𝟐,𝟏𝟏

𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐,𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐,𝟏𝟏

− −
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗𝒙𝒙 𝟓𝟓 ∗𝒆𝒆 𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟐,𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒙𝒙 ∗𝒆𝒆 𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟐,𝟏𝟏
g 𝒙𝒙 = − +
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟐,𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
x g(x)
0 0
0,01 7,6345603 g(x)
0,5 11,161418
14
1 11,516823
12
1,5 11,203974
2 10,408121 10

2,5 9,2230797 8
3 7,7327662 6
3,5 6,0247468 4
4 4,190495 2
4,5 2,3216538 0
5 0,5050954 -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5,5 -1,181963 -4
6 -2,676053 -6
7 -4,915956 -8
8 -6,054437
9 -6,187658
Berdasarkan grafik diatas, maka akarnya adalah x=5
B.(i) Metoda Regula False

Dari tabel diatas, diperkirakan akar dari persamaan tersebut berada di antara nilai x=5 ; x=5,5, maka :

f(5)*f(5,5)= -0,597004 < 0 dengan error = 142,7336

dimana xr = 5,149697

f(5)*f(xr) = -0,0213 < 0 , maka x2 = xr

Sehingga,

Iterasi x1 f(x1) x2 f(x2) xr f(xr) f(x1).f(xr) Error

1 5 0,505095399 5,5 -1,181962631 5,149697 -0,016761439 -0,00847
2 5 0,505095399 5,149697 -0,016761439 5,144889 -0,000201107 -0,0001 0,093454
3 5 0,505095399 5,144889 -0,000201107 5,144831 -2,40731E-06 -1,2E-06 0,001121
4 5 0,505095399 5,144831 -2,40731E-06 5,144831 -2,88155E-08 -1,5E-08 1,34E-05
5 5 0,505095399 5,144831 -2,88155E-08 5,144831 -3,44919E-10 -1,7E-10 1,61E-07
6 5 0,505095399 5,144831 -3,44919E-10 5,144831 -4,13181E-12 -2,1E-12 1,92E-09

Dari metode ini, didapatkan nilai akar persamaan adalah, x=5,144831, dengan Error = 1,34 E - 05

B.(ii) Metode Secant

𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐,𝟏𝟏
−
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗𝒆𝒆 𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟐,𝟏𝟏
g 𝒙𝒙 = −
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟐,𝟏𝟏

Iterasi x1 f(x1) x2 f(x2) xr Error

1 5 0,505095399 5,5 -1,181962631 5,149697
2 5,5 -1,181962631 5,149697 -0,016761439 5,144658 0,097948459
3 5,1496971 -0,016761439 5,144658 0,00059492 5,144831 0,003357243
4 5,144658 0,00059492 5,144831 -2,53682E-07 5,144831 1,43096E-06
5 5,1448307 -2,53682E-07 5,144831 -3,82983E-12 5,144831 2,15967E-11
6 5,1448306 -3,82983E-12 5,144831 0 5,144831 0

Dengan menggunakan metode secant, didapatkan nilai akar adalah x = 5,1448306 , dengan Error = 0
 a=1
b=6
a=1
b=6

Diketahui :
o o
α1 = 31 β1 = 46 P2 = 110 N
o o
α2 = 31 β3 = 36 P3 = 260 N
o
α3 = 46

A. SPL =
Titik Keseimbangan 2
Fx = 0 = -0,6946 F1 - 0,8571 P2 + 0,809 F3
Fy = 0 = 0,7193 F1 + 0,5877 F3 - 0,515 P2

Titik keseimbangan 1
Fx = 0 = F2 + 0,6949 F1 - 0,8571 P1
Fy = 0 = -0,7193 F1 - 0,515 P1 -R1

Titik keseimbangan 3
Fx = 0 = -F2 - 0,809 F3 + 0,6946 P3
Fy = 0 = 0,5877 F3 - 0,7193 P3 - R3
B. (i) Metode Dekomposisi

SPL F1 F3 F2 P1 R1 R3
-0,6946 0,809 0 0 0 0 F1 94,288
0,7193 0,5877 0 0 0 0 F3 56,654
0,6946 0 1 -0,8571 0 0 F2 0
-0,7193 0 0 -0,515 -1 0 P1 0
0 -0,809 -1 0 0 0 R1 -180,611
0 0,5877 0 0 0 -1 R3 187,028

Iterasi Metode invers, X=A-1 B

l11=a11 -0,59 0,82 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 F1 -9,68
l21=a21 0,73 0,70 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 F3 108,24
l31=a31 -0,59 -0,57 0,00 0,00 -1,00 0,00 F2 93,04
l41=a41 -1,17 0,00 -1,17 0,00 -1,17 0,00 P1 100,72
l51=a51 1,02781 -0,5877 0,60086 -1 0,6008634 0,00 R1 -44,91
l61=a61 0,43 0,41 0,00 0,00 0,00 -1,00 R3 -123,41

Dekomposisi, A=LU (matrik A dapat didekomposisi)

Matrik L Matrik U
l11 0 0 0 0 0 1 u12 u13 u14 u15 u16
l21 l22 0 0 0 0 0 1 u23 u24 u25 u26
l31 l32 l33 0 0 0 0 0 1 u34 u35 u36
l41 l42 l43 l44 0 0 0 0 0 1 u45 u46
l51 l52 l53 l54 l55 0 0 0 0 0 1 u56
l61 l62 l63 l64 l65 l66 0 0 0 0 0 1

-0,6946 0 0 0 0 0 1 -1,1647 0 0 0 0
0,7193 1,425468 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0,6946 0,809 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 -0,8571 0 0
-0,7193 -0,83777 0 -0,515 0 0 0 0 0 1 1,94 0,00
0 -0,809 -1 -0,8571 1,66 0 0 0 0 0 1 0,00
0 0,5877 0 0 0 -1,00 0 0 0 0 0 1
Solusi Y, LY = B
-0,6946 0 0 0 0 0 y1 94,288
0,7193 1,42547 0 0 0 0 y2 56,654
0,6946 0,809 1 0 0 0 y3 0
-0,7193 -0,8378 0 -0,515 0 0 y4 0
0 -0,809 -1 -0,8571 1,66 0 y5 -180,611
0 0,5877 0 0 0 -1,00 y6 187,028
Solusi Y
y1= -135,744
y2= 108,2416
y3= 6,72058
y4= 13,51372
y5= -44,9088
y6= -123,41

Solusi i, Ui = Y
1 -1,1647 0 0 0 0 i1 -135,744
0 1 0 0 0 0 i2 108,2416
0 0 1 -0,8571 0 0 i3 6,72058
0 0 0 1 1,94 0,00 i4 13,51372
0 0 0 0 1 0,00 i5 -44,9088
0 0 0 0 0 1 i6 -123,41
Solusi i
R3 -123,41
R1 -44,91
P2 100,72
F2 93,04
F3 108,24
F1 -9,68
B. (ii) Metode Eliminasi Gouss

F1 F3 F2 P2 R1 R3 B
-0,6946 0,809 0 0 0 0 94,288
0,7193 0,5877 0 0 0 0 56,654
0,6946 0 1 -0,8571 0 0 0
AB=
-0,7193 0 0 -0,515 -1 0 0
0 -0,809 -1 0 0 0 -180,611
0 0,5877 0 0 0 -1 187,028

Solusi metode invers. X=A-1 B

-0,593558 0,817064 0 0 0 0 F1 -9,68
0,72647 0,701524 0 0 0 0 F3 108,24
-0,587714 -0,56753 0 0 -1 0 F2 93,04
-1,166725 0 -1,1667 0 -1,16673 0 P2 100,72
1,02781 -0,58771 0,60086 -1 0,60086 0 R1 -44,91
0,426947 0,412286 0 0 0 -1 R3 -123,41

Iterasi 1 : a11=pivot; a21, a31 dan 431 reduksi menjadi 0

1 -1,1647 0 0 0 0 -135,744
0 1,42547 0 0 0 0 154,2949
0 0,809 1 -0,8571 0 0 94,288
0 -0,8378 0 -0,515 -1 0 -97,6409
0 -0,809 -1 0 0 0 -180,611
0 0,5877 0 0 0 -1 187,028

Iterasi 2 : pivot a22, a32 dan a42 reduksi menjadi 0

1 -1,1647 0 0 0 0 -135,744
 0 1 0 0 0 0 108,2416
0 0 1 -0,8571 0 0 6,72058
0 0 0 -0,515 -1 0 -6,95956
0 0 -1 0 0 0 -93,0436
0 0 0 0 0 -1 123,4144

Iterasi 3 : pivot a33, a43 reduksi menjadi 0

1 -1,1647 0 0 0 0 -135,744
0 1 0 0 0 0 108,2416
0 0 1 -0,8571 0 0 6,72058
0 0 0 -0,515 -1 0 -6,95956
0 0 0 -0,8571 0 0 -86,323
0 0 0 0 0 -1 123,4144

Iterasi 4 : Pivot a44

1 -1,1647 0 0 0 0 -135,744
0 1 0 0 0 0 108,2416
0 0 1 -0,8571 0 0 6,72058
0 0 0 1 1,9417476 0 13,51372
0 0 0 0 1,6642718 0 -74,7404
0 0 0 0 0 -1 123,4144

Iterasi 5 : Pivot a55

1 -1,1647 0 0 0 0 -135,744
0 1 0 0 0 0 108,2416
0 0 1 -0,8571 0 0 6,72058
0 0 0 1 1,9417476 0 13,51372
 0 0 0 0 1 0 -44,9088
0 0 0 0 0 -1 123,4144

Iterasi 6 : Pivot a66

1 -1,1647 0 0 0 0 -135,744
0 1 0 0 0 0 108,2416
0 0 1 -0,8571 0 0 6,72058
0 0 0 1 1,9417476 0 13,51372
0 0 0 0 1 0 -44,9088
0 0 0 0 0 1 -123,414

Solusi SPL
R3 -123,41
R1 -44,91
P2 100,72
F2 93,04
F3 108,24
F1 -9,68
A.
Waktu (T) Kekuatan tarik (Z) X=LN(T) Y=LN(Z)
5 4,1 1,609437912 1,410987 Kekuatan tarik (Z)
10 16 2,302585093 2,772589 250
15 21 2,708050201 3,044522
20 36 2,995732274 3,583519 200
25 41 3,218875825 3,713572
30 61 3,401197382 4,110874 150
35 81 3,555348061 4,394449
40 116 3,688879454 4,75359 100
50 131 3,912023005 4,875197
55 166 50
4,007333185 5,111988
60 181 4,094344562 5,198497
0
75 196 4,317488114 5,278115 0 20 40 60 80
-50
B.
Metode Polinomial :

Kekuatan
Waktu (T) x2
tarik (Z)
4,1 5 25
16 10 100
21 15 225
 36 20 400
41 25 625
61 30 900
81 35 1225
116 40 1600
131 50 2500
166 55 3025
181 60 3600
196 75 5625
Metode Polinomial
SUMMARY OUTPUT 250
y = -0,0007x2 + 3,1646x - 22,144
200 R² = 0,9704
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0,985096246 150
R Square 0,970414614 100
Adjusted R Squ 0,963840084
50
Standard Error 13,00250205
Observations 12 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-50
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 2 49908,72363 24954,36 147,6021 1,31779E-07
Residual 9 1521,585536 169,0651
Total 11 51430,30917

Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95,0% Upper 95,0%
Intercept -22,14394055 11,85593828 -1,86775 0,094637 -48,96393626 4,6760552 -48,9639363 4,67605517
Waktu (T) 3,164578657 0,710712013 4,452688 0,001594 1,556836387 4,7723209 1,556836387 4,77232093
x2 -0,0007 0,008926175 -0,07504 0,941825 -0,020862221 0,0195226 -0,02086222 0,0195226

2
y= -0,0007x +3,1646x-22,144
Metode Eksponensial :

Waktu (T) Kekuatan tarik (Z) X=LN(T) Y=LN(Z)

5 4,1 1,609437912 1,410987
10 16 2,302585093 2,772589
15 21 2,708050201 3,044522
20 36 2,995732274 3,583519
25 41 3,218875825 3,713572
30 61 3,401197382 4,110874
35 81 3,555348061 4,394449
40 116 3,688879454 4,75359
50 131 3,912023005 4,875197
55 166 4,007333185 5,111988
60 181 4,094344562 5,198497
75 196 4,317488114 5,278115

SUMMARY OUTPUT Ekponensial

500
Regression Statistics y = 9,7687e0,0498x
400
R² = 0,8398
Multiple R 0,916432498
300
R Square 0,839848523
Adjusted R Squ 0,823833375 200
Standard Error 0,493079364 100
Observations 12
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 12,74980868 12,74981 52,44089 2,78592E-05
Residual 10 2,431272595 0,243127
Total 11 15,18108127

Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95,0% Upper 95,0%
a0 = Intercept 2,279187194 0,279449184 8,155999 9,94E-06 1,656535611 2,9018388 1,656535611 2,90183878
a1 = X Variable 1 0,049756316 0,006870893 7,241608 2,79E-05 0,034447012 0,0650656 0,034447012 0,06506562
 Persamaan eksponensial adalah
b1x
z = b0 e

a0
b0 = e = 9,768737095
b1 = a1 = 0,0498

Persamaan eksponensial
0,0498x
y = 9,7687e

Metode Pangkat :

Waktu (T) Kekuatan tarik (Z) X=LN(T) Y=LN(Z)

5 4,1 1,609437912 1,410987
10 16 2,302585093 2,772589 X = ln T
15 21 2,708050201 3,044522 Y = ln Z
20 36 2,995732274 3,583519
25 41 3,218875825 3,713572
30 61 3,401197382 4,110874
35 81 3,555348061 4,394449
40 116 3,688879454 4,75359
50 131 3,912023005 4,875197
55 166 4,007333185 5,111988
60 181 4,094344562 5,198497
75 196 4,317488114 5,278115
 SUMMARY OUTPUT
Metode Pangkat
Regression Statistics 300
Multiple R 0,993677091 250 y = 0,4443x1,4564
R² = 0,9874
R Square 0,987394162 200
Adjusted R Squ 0,986133578 150
Standard Error 0,138336638 100
Observations 12 50
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 14,98971102 14,98971 783,2832 7,87504E-11
Residual 10 0,191370254 0,019137
Total 11 15,18108127

Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95,0% Upper 95,0%
a0 = Intercept -0,811256044 0,177205657 -4,57805 0,001014 -1,206094853 -0,416417 -1,20609485 -0,4164172
a1 = X Variable 1 1,456445252 0,052039696 27,9872 7,88E-11 1,340493584 1,5723969 1,340493584 1,57239692

Persamaannya adalah :
1,4564
y= 0,4443 t

4C
Ringkasan Hasil
Model Persamaan Error R2 T Hasil
Polinomial -0,0007x2+3,1646x-22,144 13,0025 0,9704 70 195,948
Eksponensial 9,7687e0,0498x 0,4931 0,8398 70 318,9991746
Pangkat 0,4443 t1,4564 0,1383 0,9874 70 216,2106581

Kesimpulan :
Berdasarkan dari metode penduga yang digunakan, dapat diketahui bahwa metode Pangkat memiliki standar eror terendah