Rjeas Research Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences 1(6) 393-403 Rjeas

© Emerging Academy Resources (2012) (ISSN: 2276-8467)

www.emergingresource.org

ANALYSIS OF HOTELS IN LAGOS STATE WITH RESPECT TO OTHER

SPATIAL DATA

Omogunloye O.G. and Ayeni O. O.

Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics
University of Lagos, Nigeria.
Corresponding Author: Omogunloye O.G
___________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
The success of Tourism in any State depends on the ability of that State to sufficiently manage, develop and
market their facilities and activities. Lagos is one of the most frequently visited states in Nigeria and Africa at
large. This is due to the fact that Lagos is the business tourist capital of Nigeria and one of the most developed
states in Africa. The Hotel industry in Lagos is a very lucrative one, it’s revenues and customer loyalty are not
only controlled by the standards of Hotels but by some geographical factors such as proximity to Local and
International Airports, service centers such as Restaurants, Markets and Social centers such as Churches and
Mosques. The paper aimed at creating a Database of all the Hotels with respect to other spatial features in
proximity, in Lagos State and their analyses. The data used in this study were digital street map of Lagos State,
Attributes data of Hotels, and other related features in proximity. This was done by obtaining the coordinates of
the Hotels, Airports, Service centers and Social centers through field work and information from the Lagos State
Government Office. A Database was then created which was manipulated using Single and Multiple Criteria
Queries as well as Proximity analysis to determine their relationship with one another. This study was carried
out to show spatial distribution of Hotels in the state, Vis a Vis their corresponding spatial features in proximity.
Also, the study sought to determine the various classes of Hotels and their locations in Lagos State, provide the
user with the design of a GIS for the storage, retrieval and display of data of these Hotels, as well as providing a
link between attribute and spatial information for the purpose of query, analysis and answer. Results were
obtained by using query analysis method. Various queries were carried out on the database in the ArcGIS
environment.
©Emerging Academy Resources

KEYWORDS: Data, Hotels, Spatial, Geographical, Proximity, Distribution.

________________________________________________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION (v) Classification based on the length of stay
A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging (vi) Classification based on theme
on a short term basis. The provision of basic (vii) Classification based on target market
accommodation in times past consisting only a room
with a bed, a cupboard, a small table has been (i) Classification Based on Amenities
replaced by rooms with modern facilities, en-suite All hotels can be classified into five categories and it
bathrooms, air-conditioning and even climate control is by no means an all embracing assessment of the
in some hotels. Additional common features that can quality of the accommodation in question. Hotels are
be found in a hotel include telephones, television sets classified by the parameters that may sometimes be
and internet services. They may also contain a mini more than a hundred. This is usually used to assess
bar where drinks and snacks are served. Larger hotels the standard of one hotel relative to another. Hotels
may provide a number of additional guest facilities can be classified into: one star, two star, three star,
such as restaurants, swimming pools, childcare and four star and five star hotels. There are also six and
some with conference and social function services, seven star hotels around the world but not in Nigeria,
(Adeoye, 1998; Ezeigbo, 1998; Hamilton, 2000; (Ayeni, Kufoniyi, and J.O. Akinyede, 2003;
Jones, 1997; and Kufoniyi, 1998). Emengini, 2004).

Classification of Hotels  One star Hotel

Hotels can be classified based on different criteria
(i) Classification based on amenities
(ii) Classification based on location
(iii) Classification based on the size of the property
(iv) Classification based on the kind of service
All rooms are equipped with a wash basin, at least
one bathroom for every ten rooms, access to a public
telephone and breakfast service. Also, Guests can
come and go at any time of the day or night.

393
 Research Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences (ISSN: 2276-8467) 1(6):393-403
Analysis of Hotels in Lagos State With Respect to Other Spatial Data
 Two Star Hotel
In addition to the one–star facilities, there is a public
telephone or telephone booth where guests can speak
in privacy, bar or services counter for light
refreshments as well as a dining room where
breakfast and other meals is usually served. The
rooms may be equipped with a private bathroom but
this is not mandatory.
 Three Star Hotel
In addition to the class above, all rooms are equipped
with private bathroom, television, desk and air-
conditioning set. There is a service counter that is
open during the day where goods and services can be
paid for either with cash or with a credit card. There
is a lift provision in the hotel building where guest’s
rooms are above three or more levels of the reception,
also some recreational activities such as swimming a
pool and a gym may be available.
 Four Star Hotel
There are easy chairs in all rooms, TVs with remote
controls, satellite channels and a movie or video
channel, room service day or night or a mini bar,
restaurant, room service, lift, and laundry service.
There are creational facilities like; swimming pools,
restaurants, small gift shops, gyms, etc.
 Five Star Hotel
The interior décor is luxurious. There are safe
compartments in the rooms, lift if the building, room
service can be ordered until 11 pm, availability of
secretarial services, indoor swimming pool with
professional staff, shop for the purchase of gifts and
souvenirs as well as helps for guest’s luggage’s.
(ii) Classification Based on Location
 City Centers
These hotels are usually located in the heart of the
city and within a short distance from the business
centre. The rates are usually high due to their location
advantage, usually with high traffic/occupancy on
weekdays.
 Motels
They are usually located on the highways to provide
lodging to highway travellers and ample parking
space. The length of stay is usually overnight.
 Airport Hotels
They are usually set up near an airport for transit
guests who usually stay between flights.
 Resort Hotels
They are also referred to as health resort or beach hill
resort, depending on their location. They cater for
persons who want to relax or have fun at hill station.
Most resorts always work to full capacity during peak
seasons of Sales and revenue.
 Floating Hotels
As the name implies, these hotels are established on
luxury liners or ships. It is located on the sea
or the river, sea or big lakes. In cruise ships, rooms
are generally small with unmovable furniture. It
usually accommodate long stay guests.
394
 Boatel and Rotels
A house boat hotel is referred to as a boatel. Rotels
are novel variants and are hotels that are on wheels.
The interior is done like a hotel room and they are
normally used by a small group of travellers and
explorers.
(iii) Classification Based on the Size of Property
 Small Hotels
These are hotels with 100 room spaces and less.
 Medium Hotels
These are hotels with space of 100 to 300 rooms.
 Large Hotels
These are hotels with room provisions greater than
300 rooms.
 Mega Hotels
These are hotels with more than 1000 rooms.
 Chain Hotels
This is a network of group of Hotels in different
locations, e.g in India and international venues.
(iv) Classification Based on Level of Service.
 Economy / Budget Hotels
These are hotels that meet the basic need of the guest
by providing clean and comfortable rooms for a
comfortable stay.
 Mid-Market Hotels
This is a suite hotel that offers a small living room
with appropriate furniture and small bed room with a
king sized bed.
 Luxury Hotels
Theses offer world class service providing restaurant
and lounges, concierge service, meeting rooms,
dining facilities. Bath linen is provided to the guest
and is replaced accordingly. Theses guest rooms
contain furnishing, artwork etc. These hotels are
mostly patronized by celebrities, business executives
and highly ranking political figures.
(v) Classification Based on the Length of Stay
 Transient Hotels
The guest often stays a day or less and they are
usually five star hotels. The occupancy rate is very
high and these hotels are usually situated near the
airport.
 Residential Hotels
These are hotels where a guest can stay for a
minimum period of one month and up to a year. The
rent can be paid on a monthly or on a quarterly basis.
They provide a sitting room, bed room and
kitchenette.
 Semi Residential Hotels
These are the hotels that incorporate both attributes of
the transient and residential hotels.
(vi) Classification based on theme.
 Heritage Hotels
In this hotel, a guest is usually graciously welcomed,
offered room that has its own history and served
traditional cuisine alongside entertainment by folk
artists. These hotels usually celebrate the rich cultural
heritage of that region.
 Research Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences (ISSN: 2276-8467) 1(6):393-403
Analysis of Hotels in Lagos State With Respect to Other Spatial Data
 Ecotels
These are environment friendly hotels that use eco
friendly items in their rooms.
 Corporate Hotels
These hotels usually provide exceptional
accommodation and furniture in a themed and stylish
manner and cater for corporate travellers.
 Spas
This is a resort which provides therapeutic bath and
massage along with other features.
(vii) Classification Based on Target Market
 Commercial Hotels
They are situated in the heart of the city in the busy
community areas so as to get good and high
businesses. They cater mostly for business men.
 Convention Hotels
They have large convention complex and cater to
people attending a conference or convention.
 Resort Hotels
These are leisure hotels that are mainly for
vacationers who want to relax and enjoy with their
families. The occupancy rate usually varies per
season. The atmosphere is more relaxed and is
usually spread out in resort areas.
 Suite Hotels
They offer rooms which may contain a compact
kitchenette. They cater to people who are relocating
such as lawyers, explorers and executives who are
away from home on a long business stay.
 Casino Hotels
These are hotels with predominantly gambling
facilities and they have guest rooms and food
operations too. These hotels tend to cater to leisure
and vacation travellers who enjoy gambling.
For the purpose of this study, hotels would be
classified according to amenities which are one star,
two star, three star, four star and five star hotels,
(Maguire, 1989; Omogunloye, Falebita, and
Ojemuyiwa, 2008)
Importance of Hotels
Hotels are very important to every society. This is
because it creates temporary lodging facilities to
visitors or tourists on business or for pleasure tour.
When people go for trips or vacations, they resort to
lodge in hotels for privacy reasons. Hotels are very
comfortable because people are always welcome and
their needs are always served. It also helps tourists
and visitors to unwind or experience the luxury of
five star hotels.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
To tourists and travellers, the location of the hotel
they choose to stay plays a big role in whether they
enjoy the trip or not. A well located hotel will
significantly cut down on the amount of time wasted
in traffic or in trying to navigate an unfamiliar place.
For some vacationers, a hotel that is near major
attractions such as markets would give less hassle and
more fun. For a business man, a hotel that is located
395
in near proximity to the airport, sea port and taxis
park is very important.
Many travellers and tourists look for different criteria
when it comes to the choice of a hotel.
Most a times this criterion is usually based on the
location of the hotel and service centers on it. Some
may want a hotel that is close to the central business
district of Lagos while some might want a hotel that
is in a serene environment.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
Therefore, there is an urgent need to create a database
where the hotels would be linked with spatially
distributed data around it, in a format that is user
friendly and easy to understand. This database can
then be queried to find hotels that suit the end users
needs.
For this study, the spatial data that were considered
are
 Domestic and International Airports in
Lagos State
 Restaurants in Lagos State
 Markets in Lagos State
(Omogunloye, and Akerele, 2010; Sun, Van
Western.and Sides, 2001).
AIM OF THE STUDY
This study is typically based on the development of a
Decision Support System (SSM) for hotels in Lagos
state with respect to other spatial data.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
 To determine the number of hotels in Lagos
State and their distribution.
 To classify the hotels and determine what
local Government Area they fall.
 To determine relationship between Hotels
and Other spatial data.
 To create database of hotels in the Lagos
State.
 To perform spatial analysis on the database
created.
 To present Information based on the analysis
performed.
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The scope of the project includes:
 Data acquisition of coordinates and names
of hotels and other spatial features.
 Data base design and creation using
Microsoft Excel and ArcGIS 9.2
 Spatial Query i.e. query generation using
ArcGIS 9.2
 Presentation of required information in the
form of a customized map.
Description of Study Area
The study area is Lagos State, created on May 27,
1967, it’s the commercial center of Nigeria with
7,937,932 inhabitants as at the 2007 census, it is
 Research Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences (ISSN: 2276-8467) 1(6):393-403
Analysis of Hotels in Lagos State With Respect to Other Spatial Data
currently the fastest growing and most populous city
in Africa after Cairo and it is said to be the second
fastest growing city in Africa and the third in the
world. It is located at the south western part of the
country. It remains the economic and financial capital
of the nation and it’s largest urban area.
Formerly the capital of Nigeria, Lagos is a huge
metropolis which originated on the islands, separated
by creeks such as Lagos Island, that fringe the
southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon, protected from
the Atlantic Ocean by land sand splits such as the Bar
beach, which stretches up to 100 km east and west.
From the beginning Lagos has spread on the
mainland, west of the lagoon and the conurbation
including Ikeja and Agege, now reaches more than 40
km north-west of Lagos Island. Lagos ceased to be
the capital of Nigeria when the seat of the Federal
Government was moved to Abuja on 12th December
1991.
METHODOLOGY
This includes the various methods involved in the Field Reconnaissance
execution of this work.
They are:
 Data Acquisition
 Data Storage
 Data Processing (Manipulation)
 Data Presentation.
 Data Acquisition
The data acquisition involves all the methods applied
in acquiring data for the Hotels, Churches,
Restaurants, Markets and Airport. This involves both
geometric and attributes data acquisition. Before the
acquisition of the data, plans were made for the
purpose of the site work. Some of the Data
(coordinates and names of spatial features) were
obtained from the Lagos State Government and some
modifications were made by site work, (Adekunle,
1995; Omogunloye, Orimoloye, Olugboroko, and
Oguntoye, 2007).
 Description of the Process of Field Data
Acquisition
In the cause of obtaining the field data, the following
procedures were followed and are explained as
follows;
Planning
Planning is an essential step to be taken before the
execution of the project and proper management of
resource available.
Many factors were considered in order to achieve the
degree of accuracy required for the project. These
factors include:
 Selection of most appropriate techniques.
 Type of instrument to be used and necessary
document and data required for the
execution of the project.
 Point selection, obtaining the GPS
coordinates of those points and recording.
 Implementation of computerized tools.
Reconnaissance
Reconnaissance is the preparatory stage for project
execution. It is known as ‘Recce”. It involves the
over assembling, examination, and collection or over
viewing of project site and logistics for successful
execution, that is, a successful project depends on a
good recce exercise. Its value prior to the real survey
work cannot be under estimated and it enables the
surveyor to obtain the picture of the whole area in his
mind so as to work economically in terms of time,
energy and fund. For the purpose of the work, a
precise reconnaissance was carried out on the study
area and this was in two parts.
Office Reconnaissance
Office reconnaissance involves the collection of
information about the study area, the necessary
equipment needed to carry out the project without
actually visiting the site. This is usually carried out
with the aid of pre-existing data.
Field reconnaissance involves the actual visitation to
the project site with the aim of cross-checking the
information obtained in the office as well as
determining the number of sites to be visited.
 System Selection
This comprises of both the hardware and software
used in the project execution. It includes the
hardware and software used for data acquisition,
management and information presentations
Hardware
Hardware is used to acquire, store, process and
display the content of the digital database. Hardware
components are divided into three
 Data acquisition hardware: A GPS device and
a camera were used.
 Data storage, manipulation and retrieval
hardware: A host laptop computer
 Information presentation hardware: Laser jet
printer and a monitor was used
Software
The software performs the GIS operations. The study
was carried using the following software:
 Operating system in Window XP was used
for creation and running of script file.
 Microsoft Excel 2007 for the storage of
easting and northing (x, y) values for
onward transfer to ArcMap 9.2.
 Notepad for running script.
 GIS analysis such as spatial analysis and
querying were performed using ArcMap 9.2.
 Microsoft Word 2007 for documentation
396
 Research Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences (ISSN: 2276-8467) 1(6):393-403
Analysis of Hotels in Lagos State With Respect to Other Spatial Data

 Data Acquisition Tools (Description)
The tools typically used were instruments for the
field data acquisition such as the GPS device and
camera. These tools were used for various purposes.
The GPS unit was used to acquire coordinates of
some points that were not included in the information
that was obtained from the Lagos State Government
and the camera was for obtaining visual data of the
hotels in the area, (Tomlinson, 1990 and Uluocha,
1998).
 Geometric Data Acquisition
This involved the process of acquiring the data at the
location, which are the Easting (X) and Northing (Y)
coordinates of the hotels.
 Attribute Data Acquisition
Attribute Data is one of the basic components of
spatial database. Attribute data acquired are; a
pictorial view of the hotel, the name of each of the
hotel etc.
 Data Storage and Processing
(Manipulation)
This stage has to do with the various ways of
encoding the data obtained. This process describes
how data is converted into information. Data are
organized into structure, group and database.
 Firstly, a database of the coordinate of points on
the site for all the Hotels in Lagos State,
(Microsoft Excel format).
Coordinate Plotting Process
The procedures for plotting the coordinates are as
follows:
(a) A map of Lagos was obtained and imported into
the Arc Map environment using the “add data”
function of the software”.
(b) A shape file was created for the XY coordinates
by importing them into Arc Catalogue to add the data
in Arc Map.
(c) Points were selected on the map and the callout
tool was used to show, upon review the positions of
hotels, churches, markets and restaurants on the map.
Database Design and Creation
A database is an organized collection of non-
redundant data stored to be capable of relevant
applications with the data been accessed through
some logical path. Database referred to is a spatial
database and it is the heart of GIS. This is the process
whereby real world entities and their inter-
relationships are analyzed and modelled such that
maximum benefits are derived while utilizing
minimum amount of data. A database of the features
such as the positions (station Northing and Easting
coordinates) and the images were created using
Microsoft Excel 2007, Windows picture and Fax
viewer.
Database Management is a collection of software for
creating, storing, manipulating, updating, organizing
and querying information in a database. (Kufoniyi,
1998). It is a software package whose information is
to manipulate a database on behalf of the users.
A good DBMS provides the following functions”
 Storage and retrieval of data.
 Access to data by several users at a time.
 Standardized interface between database and
application program.
 Standardized access to data and separation
of data storage and retrieval functions from
the program using the data.
 Maintenance of data security and integrity.
Data Storage and Processing (Manipulation)
This stage has to do with the various ways of
encoding the data obtained. This process describes
how data is converted into information. Data are
organized into structure, group and database.
 Firstly, a database of the coordinate of points on
the site for all the Hotels in Lagos State. Microsoft
Excel as used (Figure 2.1).
 Figure 2.2: Shows the distribution of Markets with
respect to their respective Local Government areas
in Lagos state.
 Figure 2.3: Map showing the distribution of
Hotels in Lagos State in Arc GIS 9.2.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
The Geographic Information System (GIS) is
distinguished from other information systems by its
unique spatial analysis functions. These functions help
to answer some questions, called queries in the GIS
environment, about the real world.
Generally, geographic or spatial analysis allows us to
study real world processes by developing and applying
models. These models may be used to determine new or
previously unidentified relationship within the GIS
database or between different databases hence
enhancing our understanding and knowledge of the real
world.
Data analysis is one of the important features of the
ArcGIS 9.2 software. The program will present an
interface, which enables us to make a choice depending
on what is desired. The real strength of GIS comes in
when a relational database is linked with the graphics in
real time hence this stage of the work involves all the
various forms in which the data was analyzed to
produce the desired result.
The Distribution of Hotels, Markets, Churches,
Restaurants and Airports
The analysis is based on the distribution of Hotels
and their relationship with the other spatial data
which are the restaurants, churches and markets.
The second stage involves the relationship of the
hotels with the Murtala Muhammed Airport.
Analyses and Spatial Search
The distinction between Geographic Information
System and other information systems is in the area
of search/ spatial analysis. Search operation is a GIS
tool that is essential for processing or maintaining of

397
 Research Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences (ISSN: 2276-8467) 1(6):393-403
Analysis of Hotels in Lagos State With Respect to Other Spatial Data
data to suit user’s need. The spatial search operation
for this work was carried out through query
generation to retrieve information stored in the
database pertaining to certain systematically defined
attributes within the database to answer some
spatially related questions.
This operation involved the link between the database
and the composite map of the study area.
This is important in order to confirm certain attributes
within the neighbourhood, which must be logically
defined. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the
database created, it was subjected to a number of
spatial queries by attributes. Since the graphic and the
corresponding attribute tables were linked, it was
possible to query the attributes. This query was
emphasized upon as it provides answers to likely
questions that would be required by the relevant
authorities in making decisions.
The analysis was divided into the following groups:
 Spatial analysis by carrying out spatial
queries.
 Spatial analysis by feature Identification
 Statistical analysis of the data
Spatial Analysis by Querying
Database query is referred to as the selection of
various combination tables for examination; it
involves the retrieval of information stored in the
database using structured query language (SQL).
SQL is a database sublanguage for querying and
modifying relational databases (RDBMS).
Two types of queries were generated for the purpose
of this project.
They are:
(a) Single Criteria Analysis
(b) Multiple Criteria Analysis
They are briefly described as follows:
 Single Criteria Analysis
The single criteria analysis refers to the
situation whereby a single condition is used to
query a database. For example, select all the
libraries in the school, etc. Implementing the
single criteria query required the process of
specifying a condition for the retrieval of
information. The query process was performed
by selecting the ‘select by attribute’ item under
the selection menu in the ArcMap 9.2
environment. After this the condition is
specified in the select by attribute window and
when applied it is reflected on the drawing in
the view in a specified colour.
 Multiple Criteria Analysis
This is a process where more than one condition is
used to perform spatial search. This involves process
of carrying out queries of more than one condition.
Such spatial queries bring out more flexibility in the
management of information. More information about
a feature can be retrieved at the same time.
398
Both the single and multiple criteria analyses are
represented by the following figures in the
appendices
 Figure 3.1: Single Analysis Criteria Query (1)
showing all the five star hotels in Lagos using
the Select by Attribute tool. They are 4 in
number. “CLASS”= “5 star”
USE: This Query enables the user to find out in
a quick and precise manner where all the five
Star Hotels are Located.
 Figure. 3.2: Proximity analysis showing Hotels
that are within 2km of the airport. They are two
in number.
USE: If a user is visiting Lagos and he wants to
Lodge in hotel that is very close to the airport, This
will help him find those hotels and their location with
respect to one another.
 Fig. 3.3: Buffer showing Hotels that are 5km
using the Buffer tool under Proximity Analysis
USE: This shows all the Hotels that are located
5kn around the airport. This can be used as
An alternative to Select by location Tool but the
attributes of the Hotel cannot be seen.
Statistical Analysis of the Data
Statistical analysis is very important in the
representation of the results obtained. Charts and
graphs of various kinds can be produced to show
better information representation as regards the
distribution of hotels. For this purpose, ArcMap 9.2
as well as Microsoft Excel packages was used to
produce the various charts for analyzing the
numerical data.
 Table 3.1: Showing the classification of Hotels
 Figure 3.4: Pie chart showing the classification
of Hotels
Use: This pie chart shows the various classification
oh hotels in Lagos State. The classification the
highest amount of hotels is the 2 star with 151 hotels
and the least is the 5 star hotel with 3 hotels.
 Table 3.2: Showing all the Local Governments
and their Hotels
 Figure 3.5: Pie Chart Showing the number of
Hotels in each Local Governments.
Use: This pie chart shows the distribution of Hotels
in all the Local Government Areas of Lagos
State. From the table, the LGA with the highest
number of Hotels is Eti-Osa with 50 Hotels and the
Local Government Area with the lowest amount of
Hotels is Mushin with 2mHotels.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
In this study, the analyses of hotels in Lagos State
with respect to other spatial data had been achieved.
The use of GIS has help to manipulate and show the
relationship between the attribute and spatial data
through single /multiple queries and statistical
operations. This study has shown that it is possible to
store, manipulate, and analyze data relating to Hotel
 Research Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences (ISSN: 2276-8467) 1(6):393-403
Analysis of Hotels in Lagos State With Respect to Other Spatial Data
Distribution at no extra cost implication in an easy to
understand format for the end-user.
This database created is effective and it satisfies all of
the stated objectives. The database created has been
thoroughly accessed, managed, displayed and tested
through various queries. The database can also serve
as a Decision Support System (DSS).
REFERENCES
Adekunle, A.A. (1995), “Utility Mapping Using GIS
Technique: A Case Study of University of Lagos”,
Unpublished B. Sc. Project Submitted to the
Department of Geography and Planning, University
of Lagos.
Adeoye, A. (1998), “Geographic/Land Information
Systems: Principles and Applications”, Information
Management Consultants, Ebute-Metta, Lagos,
Nigeria, pp.73-79, 172-175.
Ayeni, O.O., Kufoniyi, O. and J.O. Akinyede (2003),
“Towards a National Geospatial Information Policy
for Nigeria”, Proceeding of the Technical Session of
the 38th Annual General Conference and Meeting of
Nigeria Institution of Surveyors, Lokoja, Kogi State,
Nigeria, pp. 21.
Emengini, E. J. (2004), “Application of Geographic
Information System (GIS) to Utility Information
Management: A Case Study of Onitsha-North
L.G.A., Anambra State, Nigeria, Unpublished M.Sc.
Thesis Submitted to the Department of Surveying and
Geoinformatics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,
Anambra State, Nigeria.
Ezeigbo, C. U. (1998), “Application of Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) to Utility Mapping”, in C.
U. Ezeigbo (ed.), Principles and Applications of
Geographic Information Systems, Lagos, Panef Press,
pp. 124-131.
Hamilton R (2000), “Hotels and Our Society:
Classification and Types” Longman Press
399
Jones, C. B. (1997), “Geographical Information
Systems and Computer Cartography”, Essex,
Addison Wesley Longman Ltd.
Kufoniyi, Olajide (1998), “Database Design and
Creation”, in C. U. Ezeigbo (ed.), Principles and
Applications of Geographic Information Systems,
Lagos, Panef Press, pp. 1-15.
Maguire, D. J. (1989), “Computers in Geography”
Essex, Longman Group UK Limited.
Omogunloye O. G., Orimoloye, T.S., Olugboroko, S.
T. and Oguntoye,O.J., 2007, “ GIS Application to
Controls and Route Network Within The University
of Lagos” Unpublished project, Department of
Surveying and Geoinformatics, University of Lagos,
pp1-140.
Omogunloye O. G., Falebita, M. A. and Ojemuyiwa,
A. 2008, “ GIS Application to the Modelling of Rail
Route Network in Lagos State” Unpublished project,
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics,
Omogunloye O. G. and Akerele, A. H.. 2010,
“Topographic survey of faculty of Engineering,
University of Lagos” Unpublished project,
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics,
University of Lagos, pp1-50.
Sun, Y., Van Western C. J. and Sides, E. J. (2001),
“Spatial Data Analysis”, in A.D. B. Rolf (ed.),
Principles of Geographic Information Systems, pp.
134-156.
Tomlinson, R. F. (1990), “Current and Potential Uses
of Geographic Information Systems: The North
American Experience” in D. Peuquet and D. Marble
(eds.), Introductory Readings in Geographic
Information Systems, New York, Taylor and Francis.
Uluocha, N. O. (1998), “Mapping for Utility
Management in Nigeria” in O.Y. Balogun and N. O.
Uluocha (eds.), Cartography and Challenges of the
21st Century in Nigeria, pp. 183-192.
 Research Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences (ISSN: 2276-8467) 1(6):393-403
Analysis of Hotels in Lagos State With Respect to Other Spatial Data

APPENDIX

Fig. 2.1: Showing Sample of excel sheet of Names and Classes of Hotels in Lagos State

Fig. 2.2: Showing Sample of excel sheet of Markets in Lagos State and their Local Government Area

400
 Research Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences (ISSN: 2276-8467) 1(6):393-403
Analysis of Hotels in Lagos State With Respect to Other Spatial Data

Fig 2.3: Map showing the distribution of Hotels in Lagos State in Arc GIS 9.2

SINGLE CRITERIA QUERIES ANAYSIS

Fig 3.1: Single Analysis Criteria Query (1) showing all the five star hotels in Lagos using the
Select by Attribute tool. They are 4 in number. “CLASS”= “5 star”

401
 Research Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences (ISSN: 2276-8467) 1(6):393-403
Analysis of Hotels in Lagos State With Respect to Other Spatial Data

SINGLE CRITERIA ANALYSIS (AIRPORT)

Fig. 3.2: Proximity analysis showing Hotels that are within 2km of the airport. They are two in number.

Fig. 3.3: Buffer showing Hotels that are 5km using the Buffer tool under Proximity Analysis

Table 3.1: Showing the classification of Hotels

HOTELS CLASSIFICATION
5 STAR 3
4 STAR 14
3 STAR 90
2 STAR 151
1 STAR 17

402
Research Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences (ISSN: 2276-8467) 1(6):393-403
Analysis of Hotels in Lagos State With Respect to Other Spatial Data

CALSSIFICATION OF HOTELS

HOTELS
5 STAR
4 STAR
3 STAR
2 STAR
1 STAR

Figure. 3.4: Pie chart showing the classification of Hotels

Table 3.2 : Showing all the Local Governments and their Hotels
LGA NUMBER OF HOTELS
IKEJA 32
AGEGE 9
AJEROMI/IFELODUN 21
AMUWO ODOFIN 33
ETI-OSA 50
IFAKO-IJAIYE 28
KOSOFE 31
LAGOS ISLAND 4
MUSHIN 2
OJO 21
OSHODI/ISOLO 37
SURULERE 7

NUMBER OF HOTELS IN EACH LGA.

LGA
IKEJA
AGEGE
AJEROMI/IFELODUN
AMUWO ODOFIN
ETI-OSA
IFAKO-IJAIYE
KOSOFE
LAGOS ISLAND
MUSHIN
OJO
OSHODI/ISOLO
SURULERE

Figure. 3.5: Pie Chart Showing the number of Hotels in each Local Governments

403