Contents ete eg cae ee td Dee RC Cg ae tere a us Dre adr re Rue c) SN al rR Ca mCuc ry Cy CASE STUDY 01: SKYVILLE AT DAWSON Tee eaeIS THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT GOING TO CHANGE FOR POST COVID- 19 PANDEMIC? INTRODUCTION & BACKGRO COVID-19 PANDEMIC O SARS-CoV-2 - 29 million infections and more than 1.5 million deaths Q Disrupted communities, people how they live, work, and play Massive global economic downturn, recession Q Most virus transmission happens inside the buildings Q Serious challenges to the built || ¢ f environmentCHALLENGES OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT DURING COVID Humans spend most of their time inside the building and most virus transmission happens in the built environment Viral particles are more deposited thru indoor airflow pattern Existing buildings were not designed for pandemics a Buildings were not design for quarantine-based precautionary measures CHALLENGES OF CITIES DURING COVID Q Cities are highly dense with a problem for social distancing measures (\/2/IMPORTANCE OF HOMES rd DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ¥ O People stay at home 90%- 100% most of the day (Amerio et GQ) Homes became place for work Q Also a place for online learning (Muggah & Ermacora, 2020) IMPORTANCE OF HOMES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC Q Became place for fitness and entertainment Q People will still continue to work from home even after pandemicIMPORTANCE OF HOMES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC Q Became place for fitness and entertainment Q People will still continue to work from home even after pandemic ISSUES IN HOUSING DURING COVID-19 Q Big household size, bigger chance to transmit virus Q Floor area of apartmentsivertical housing is limited for social distancing- high denseISSUES IN HOUSING DURING COVID-19 Q Shared facilities & accessories -kitchen, toilets, doorknobs, handles, switches etc 1 Shared public areas- lobby, corridor, lifts MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES OF PEOPLE LIVING IN HOUSING DURING LOCKDOWN People living in apartment is more depressive due to: Q Poor views Scarce indoor quality Q) Unavailability of nature Q Poor ventilationMENTAL HEALTH ISSUES OF PEOPLE LIVING IN HOUSING DURING LOCKDOWN People living in apartment is more depressive due to: Poor views Scarce indoor quality Unavailability of nature Q Poor ventilation MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES OF PEOPLE LIVING IN APARTMENTS/HOUSING DURING LOCKDOWN Negative effects: Worst quality of life Anxiety & fear . impulsiveness, irritability & anger tu Emotional exhaustion & insomnia Low productivity 2019; Rautio, NBLACK DEATH (1474 CENTURY) - Changes in urban planning — § space between buildings - Elimination of dirty cramped community - More larger public spaces Measures: Quarantine, restriction sure of ports- CHOLERA (1974 CENTURY) OGreen areas and parks in the ! middle of cities QC1Long avenues and open spaces OBetter sanitation and sewage systems sures: Quarantine for cargosLESSONS FROM PAST PANDEMICS TUBERCULOSIS (197 CENTURY) Building design, terraces, balconies OModern urban design QRevolving summer houses CMeasures: Social isolation and sanatoriums SPANISH FLU (1918-1919) O Closure of public spaces, theatres, schools Use of gauze masksLESSONS FROM PAST PANDEMICS SARS (2003-2004) Olmproved building code (Hong Kong) Olmprove ventilation Olmprove drainages system CMeasures: Quarantine and social distancing LESSONS FROM PAST PANDEMICS COMMON SOLUTIONS OChanges in urban planning QMore public spaces & green z OLess density cities QO More ventilation in buildings Pe T Shs Tae Te dled]THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Factors that Would Influence the Design of Singapore's Housing for Post Covid Common atributes trom research in ferent lelde- architecture, urban planning, mlcroviulogy, medicine, HVAC, PARAMETERS FOR POST COVID-19 DESIGN Ea Rel ta ony e APPROACHES Q Less dense urban block G Larger open spaces and greeneries 2 Urban farming O Hygiene in public spaces O Decentralization of services O Cycling, walking, pmds (public transportation is not recommended)2. SPATIAL SPACES OF HO NG OU Ante room with powder room OCompartmentalization of space to avoid interaction QArea for work from home 2. SPATIAL SPACES Clncrease of floor area to avoid over crowding Bigger public areas to avoid interaction OGreeneries at public spaces OCommunal spaces3. DISPOSITION OF SURFACE MATERIALS I Use materials that reduce the transmission of virus 2 The use of antimicrobial 2 materials Grass & bronze le Copper nro Plate & Santas Ol The use of self-disinfecting coating | ss stee! - 2:3 days iboard- 24 hours per - 4 hours iminium -2t0 8 hours days + Bronze/Braes- antimicrobial PVCICeramics-5 days * PermanentTemporary Tested against . Arttcrisi Now-conied Selfisinfecting coating coronavirus 2296 4. SMART TECHNOLOGY Touchless switches, door knobs, cabinets, toilet fittings Q Smart technology from handphone D Motion & sound sensor5. VENTILATION Providing better cross ventilation © Bigger windows 6. INDOOR GREENERIES O Provide larger balconies/terraces with greeneries and sunlight O Housing should have more larger public spaces with greeneriesQ Pinnacle at Duxton- new generation of public housing O Apartment Types 2-Room Flat 3-Room Flat 4-Room Flat 5-Room Flat 3Gen (Multi Generation) Executive Apartment SUMMARY OF FINDINGS OSPATIAL SPACES - apartment layouts not suited for pandemic. - public spaces are good enough UOSURFACE MATERIALS - not suited for pandemic OSMART TECHNOLOGY - no smart tech for apartments OVENTILATION - good enough OINDOOR GREENERIES - good enough at public areas - no balcony with greeneriesCASE STUDY SPATIAL SPACES (PUBLIC AREAS) O Corridors and lift lobby are tight OGreeneries at roof terraces CINo communal spaces LESSON LEARNED FROM COVID-19 Q New level of resiliency (design for pandemic) O Less density building spaces Q Better spatial arrangements both for public and housing spacesCONCLUSIONS ODesign to enhance mental health (indoor to outdoor greeneries) U Choice of surface matis (virus survival) Q Adoption of Smart Technology for homes CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS Q Improve design guidelines QO Relook at the layouts of buildings O Relook at the finishes of buildings Q Introduce common meeting spaces at houses (wfh/learning)RECOMMENDATIONS O Examine the density ratio versus interior spaces (public) & public spaces C Relook at urban planning guidelines