Set 59 - Page 1 Compiled by Mr.

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9 Fig. 9.1 shows the symbol for a 12 V battery.

12 V

Fig. 9.1

(a) Two lamps are connected in parallel with the battery. On Fig. 9.1, using the correct symbols,
complete the circuit diagram. [1]

(b) One of these lamps has a resistance of 6.0 Ω.

Calculate, for this lamp:

(i) the current

current = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) the power.

power = ...........................................................[2]

(c) The power of the other lamp is 36 W.

Calculate the total energy delivered to this lamp in 20 hours.

energy = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 7]

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10 A transformer consists of two coils of wire wound on a metal core. Fig. 10.1 represents the
transformer.

core

primary coil secondary coil

Fig. 10.1

(a) State the name of the metal from which the core is made.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The primary coil of the transformer is connected to the output voltage of an a.c. generator
which supplies an alternating current.

(i) Explain why there is a voltage between the two terminals of the secondary coil.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) There are 560 turns on the primary coil and 910 turns on the secondary coil of the
transformer. The voltage between the two terminals of the secondary coil is 78 V.

Calculate the voltage supplied by the a.c. generator.

generator voltage = ............................................................[2]

(c) Transformers are used to increase the voltage when electrical energy is transmitted in cables
across long distances.

Explain why power losses in the cables are lower when the voltage is high.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 8]

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7 Fig. 7.1 shows three identical lamps and an ammeter connected to a power supply.

power
supply

Fig. 7.1

The switches are closed. Each lamp is rated at 60 W and operates at its normal working voltage of
110 V.

(a) Calculate:

(i) the current in each lamp

current = ............................................................[2]

(ii) the current in the ammeter

current = ...........................................................[1]

(iii) the voltage of the power supply.

voltage = ...........................................................[1]

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(b) (i) Calculate the resistance of the filament of one of the lamps when working normally.

resistance = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) Another lamp X has a filament with twice the resistance of each lamp in the circuit of
Fig. 7.1. The material and the temperature of the filament in lamp X is the same as the
filaments in the lamps in Fig. 7.1.

In Table 7.1, tick any box in the right-hand column that shows a possible difference
between the filament of lamp X and a filament of one of the lamps in the circuit.

Table 7.1

X has half the length

X has twice the length
X has one quarter the area of cross-section
X has half the area of cross-section
X has two times the area of cross-section
X has four times the area of cross-section
[2]

[Total: 8]

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8 (a) (i) Fig. 8.1 shows a positively charged cube of insulating material. The cube is fixed to a
piece of wood that is floating on water. A negatively charged rod is held above the piece
of wood and brought close to the cube, as shown.

positively charged cube

of insulating material
negatively charged rod

+ – –
+ –
+

piece of wood
floating on water

Fig. 8.1

State and explain any movement of the piece of wood.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Fig. 8.2 shows two cubes of insulating material. One is positively charged and the other
is negatively charged. The cubes are fixed to a piece of wood that is floating on water.
Charged rods are held above the piece of wood and brought close to the cubes, as
shown.

negatively charged cube negatively charged rod

of insulating material
– –
–
+ positively charged cube
– +
– + of insulating material
–
+ +
piece of wood
floating on water

positively charged rod

Fig. 8.2

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State and explain any movement of the piece of wood.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) In terms of a simple electron model, describe the differences between conductors and
insulators.

conductors ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

insulators ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) On Fig. 8.3, draw the electric field pattern around a single point positive charge.

Fig. 8.3
[1]

[Total: 7]

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9 Fig. 9.1 shows a permanent bar magnet next to a circuit that contains a coil and a galvanometer.

N S

Fig. 9.1

(a) Suggest a metal from which the magnet is made.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The magnet is moved to the left and inserted a small distance into the coil. The galvanometer
deflects briefly and shows that there is a current in the coil.

(i) Explain why there is a current in the coil.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) As the magnet is moving near to the coil, end Q of the coil behaves as a magnetic pole.

State the polarity of end Q and explain why it has this polarity.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Suggest two ways in which the deflection of the galvanometer can be reversed.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]

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7 A defibrillator is a machine that sends an electrical charge through the heart of a patient whose
heart is not beating correctly. Doctors learn to use a defibrillator by practising on a medical dummy.

Fig. 7.1 shows the two contacts of a defibrillator attached to a medical dummy.

contacts
defibrillator

medical
dummy

Fig. 7.1

The contacts that touch the dummy are made from metal, and when the defibrillator is being used,
one contact becomes strongly negatively charged and the other contact becomes strongly positively
charged. The handles of the contacts are made from plastic, which is an electrical insulator.

(a) (i) State how the structure of an electrical insulator differs from the structure of a conductor.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Suggest why the handles are made from an electrical insulator.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Explain, in terms of the particles involved, how one contact becomes negatively charged and
how the other contact becomes positively charged.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) The defibrillator passes a charge of 9.1 × 10–3 C through the medical dummy in 6.5 × 10–4 s.

Calculate the average current in the dummy.

current = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 7]
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8 A 9.0 V battery is connected to a 120 Ω resistor in series with wire P.

Fig. 8.1 shows a voltmeter connected across the 120 Ω resistor.

9.0 V

120 Ω
P

Fig. 8.1

(a) State the energy changes that are taking place in the circuit.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) The reading on the voltmeter is 2.4 V.

Calculate:

(i) the current in the 120 Ω resistor

current = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the potential difference (p.d.) across wire P

p.d. = ...........................................................[1]

(iii) the resistance of wire P.

resistance = ...........................................................[1]

(c) Wire P has a diameter d and a length l. A second piece of wire Q is made of the same
material as P.
The diameter of wire Q is 0.50 × d and its length is 5.0 × l.

Calculate the resistance of wire Q.

resistance = ...........................................................[4]

[Total: 10]
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5 Two uncharged conducting spheres, K and L, are mounted on insulating stands.

(a) State how the structure of an insulator differs from that of a conductor and give one example
of an insulator.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The two spheres are in contact.

Fig. 5.1 shows a positively-charged insulating rod held next to K.

K L

insulating stands

Fig. 5.1

(i) On Fig. 5.1, draw the charges on K and on L. [2]

(ii) Sphere L is moved to the right, a long way from sphere K.

1. The positively charged rod is moved away.

State what happens to the charge on K.

....................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................... [1]

2. An earthing wire is connected to sphere L.

State what happens to the charge on L.

....................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................... [1]

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9 (a) Describe how a direct current (d.c.) differs from an alternating current (a.c.).

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 9.1 shows how the voltage output of an a.c. generator varies with time.

8.0
voltage / V
6.0

4.0

2.0

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
time / s
–2.0

–4.0

–6.0

–8.0

Fig. 9.1

A heater is connected directly to the a.c. generator and the maximum current in the heater is
0.75 A.

(i) On Fig. 9.2, sketch a graph to indicate how the current in the heater varies with time.

1.00
current / A
0.75

0.50

0.25

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
time / s
–0.25

–0.50

–0.75

–1.00
[1]
Fig. 9.2

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(ii) Calculate the power produced by the heater when the current is 0.75 A.

power = ...........................................................[2]

(c) Fig. 9.3 shows the coil ABCD of the a.c. generator between two magnetic poles.

rotation
direction

B C

N A D S

Fig. 9.3

(i) On Fig. 9.3, draw a straight arrow to indicate the direction in which side AB of the coil is
moving. Label this arrow M. [1]

(ii) Deduce the direction of the current induced in side AB of the coil and explain your
reasoning.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) The rate at which the coil of the a.c. generator rotates increases.

State two ways in which the alternating voltage changes.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 9]
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6 Fig. 6.1 is the view from above of a stationary magnet and a small compass on a laboratory bench.

N S compass

magnet

Fig. 6.1

(a) State the material from which the compass needle is made.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Describe how the small compass is used to plot magnetic field lines in the region surrounding
the magnet.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) An unmagnetised iron bar PQ is placed near to the magnet on the laboratory bench.

Fig. 6.2 shows the two poles of the magnet and PQ.

magnet iron bar

movement of magnet
P Q
N S

Fig. 6.2
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The iron bar is initially at rest and the magnet is moved to the right very slowly.

When the magnet is a short distance from the iron bar, the iron bar moves very quickly to the
left towards it.

Explain why the iron bar is attracted to the magnet.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

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7 A student sets up the circuit shown in Fig. 7.1.

6.0 V

A
3.6 Ω
2.8 Ω

Fig. 7.1

The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery is 6.0 V.

(a) The resistance of the variable resistor X is set to 1.8 Ω.

Determine

(i) the total resistance of the circuit,

resistance = ........................................................... [3]

(ii) the current measured by the ammeter.

current = ........................................................... [2]

(b) (i) State what is meant by the potential difference (p.d.) across a component in a circuit.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Add to Fig. 7.1 the symbol for a component that is measuring the p.d. across the 2.8 Ω
resistor. [1]

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(iii) The resistance of X is increased.

Explain why the p.d. across the 2.8 Ω resistor decreases.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

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10 A student sets up the circuit shown in Fig. 10.1 in a laboratory at room temperature.

12 V
+ – Y

oscilloscope 1.3 Ω A
1.5 Ω

Fig. 10.1

The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery is 12 V.

The switch is closed.

(a) The connecting wires in the circuit are made from copper covered by insulating plastic.

State the name of the particles that flow in the copper and state the direction in which they
are flowing at point Y in the circuit.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) At room temperature, the resistance of component Z is 6.0 Ω.

(i) State the name of component Z.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the resistance of the whole circuit.

resistance = ........................................................... [3]

(iii) Calculate the current measured by the ammeter.

current = ........................................................... [2]

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(iv) The current in the ammeter is IA, the current in the 1.5 Ω resistor is IR and the current in
component Z is IZ.

Write down an equation that relates IA, IR and IZ.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Fig. 10.2 shows the screen of the oscilloscope.

trace with switch closed

trace with switch open

Fig. 10.2

Before the switch is closed, the trace is a horizontal line across the middle of the screen, as
shown in Fig. 10.2. When the switch is closed, the trace remains horizontal and moves up the
screen.

Component Z is heated.

State and explain what is observed on the oscilloscope screen as the temperature of Z
increases.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(d) The 12 V battery is made from cells of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 1.5 V which are all in series.

(i) Calculate the number of 1.5 V cells that make up the battery.

number = ........................................................... [1]

(ii) State the e.m.f. of a battery made by connecting all of these cells in parallel.

e.m.f. = ........................................................... [1]

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7 Fig. 7.1 shows the structure of a transformer.

iron core

primary
coil

secondary
coil

Fig. 7.1

A lamp is connected to the secondary coil.

(a) Explain why the core of the transformer is made from iron.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) When there is an alternating current (a.c.) in the primary coil, the lamp is lit.

When there is a direct current (d.c.) in the primary coil, the lamp is not lit.

(i) State two ways in which an alternating current differs from a direct current.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Explain why the lamp is not lit when there is a direct current in the primary coil.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

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