Collision Analysis of Submerged Floating Tunnel

by Underwater Navigating Vessel

2015.05.14

Kwan-Young Hong, Gye-Hee Lee

Mokpo National Maritime University

Contents

1. Introduction

2. SFT(Submerged Floating Tunnel) Model

3. Determination of Submarine Model

4. The Collision Simulation and the Result Analysis for SFT and UNV of 1,800ton

5. Conclusion

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Introduction

◎ Purpose

: To evaluate the dynamic behavior by the collision between the Submerged Floating
Tunnel(SFT) and the Underwater Navigating Vessel(UNV) such as the submarine
To analyze the relationship between deformation, collision forces, and collision energy
dissipation by conducting a collision analysis.

◎ Program

: LS-DYNA Program using Explicit Method

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 Detailed Model for SFT
Shell elements : 18920ea & Solid elements : 13852 ea

15.1m

Steel

Steel
13.6m

Concrete Modulus of
Material Density Poisson’s Ratio
Concrete Elasticity
SS400 7850 kg/m3 2.0 x 1011 Pa 0.3
Concrete 2450 kg/m3 3.5 x 1010 Pa 0.167

Stress-Strain Curve(SS400 ) Concrete Damage & Failure Curve(Concrete, 35MPa ) 4

 Mooring Line Model
Equilibrium condition of forces Boundary condition

B
Cable element X

T0 θ2
T0

T’0 T’0

θ1

Constraint of translation about X,

Y, Z axis

Cable Stiffness

Outer Mooring Inner Mooring Ideal Mooring

55.77 MN/m 57.54 MN/m 114.23 MN/m

Surge Motion Heave Motion 5

 Dynamic Relaxation Analysis
Beam & Cable elements : 288 ea
Initial Tension

Buoyancy ratio 1.2

Detailed model : Acceleration of 1.512m/s2 about (+) Z axis
Idealized model : Acceleration of 0.981m/s2 about (+) Z axis

Buoyancy ratio 1.4

Detailed model : Acceleration of 2.591m/s2 about (+) Z axis
Idealized model : Acceleration of 1.962m/s2 about (+) Z axis

Potential Energy Curve Convergence

8.0E+04 1
Convergence
0.9
7.0E+04
Curr.Dist. KE
0.8
6.0E+04
0.7
Energy(N-m)

Convergence
5.0E+04
0.6

4.0E+04 0.5

0.4
3.0E+04
0.3
2.0E+04
0.2
1.0E+04
0.1
Tunnel Tunnel
0.0E+00 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Time(sec) Time(sec) 6
FE Model of Submarine
Reference : Design Report Littoral Warfare Submarine(SSLW, Displacement 800ton)

L.O.A Beam Depth Displacement Lightship Weight Full Load Weight Sustained Speed Endurance Speed

39.32m 6.71m 6.71m 795.36m³ 603.61ton 715.9ton 13.64m/sec 5.14m/sec

Max. Warfare submarine in Korea Reference : Strength and fracture characteristics of HY-80, HY-
100, and HY-130 steels subjected to various strains, strain rates,
Size : 65m(Length) × 6.3m(Breadth) × 6m(Draft)
temperatures, and pressures (1987)
Displacement : 1860ton
Max.speed : 20knots

Rigid body
6.3m
Elasto-plasticity

Stiffener Model

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Scenario for Collision
Collision condition(1,800 ton)

Buoyancy ratio = 1.2 & 1.4

Collision speed = 20knots

= 10.29m/sec

Added mass coefficient of submarine = 1.67 times of Self-weight

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Collision Simulation

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Mooring Line Tension
Element ID of mooring line Time history curve of tension forces
B/W=1.2 → Max.tension force = 16.9MN
B/W=1.4 → Max.tension force = 26.3MN

Ratio of tension forces

Tension force Outer mooring line Inner mooring line

Initial tension = (B/W 1.4) / (B/W 1.2) 1.04 1.06

Maximum tension = (B/W 1.4) / (B/W 1.2) 1.56 1.23

B/W 1.2 2.9 2.0

Maximum tension
/ Initial tension B/W 1.4 4.29 2.35
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Collision Damage
Local Penetration(B/W=1.2)

Penetration = 5.232m

Local Penetration(B/W=1.4)

Penetration = 5.249m

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 Horizontal Behavior of SFT System
Lateral displacement(B/W=1.2) Lateral displacement(B/W=1.4)

1500m 900m
Scale=250
700m 400m
Time=1sec Time=1sec

Maximum lateral displacement = 0.777m(1.835sec)

Time=2sec Time=2sec

Maximum lateral displacement = 1.174m(2.995sec)

Time=3sec Time=3sec

Time=4sec Time=4sec

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Energy Dissipation of SFT System

Collision energy dissipation(B/W=1.2) Collision energy dissipation(B/W=1.4)

Collision energy dissipation rate

Internal energy B/W=1.2 B/W=1.4

SFT_IE 72.7% 71.9%

Submarine_IE 2.7% 10.8%

Mooring_IE 2.52% 6.5%

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Collision Force by UNV

Collision force(B/W=1.2) Collision force(B/W=1.4)

Average force = 13MN Average force = 13.2MN

Collision end time = 1.41sec Collision end time = 1.41sec

Collision force equation of AASHTO LRFD

= 46.86MN

Ratio of collision forces

Collision force B/W 1.2 B/W 1.4

Analysis / AASHTO 27.7% 28.2%

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Conclusions
In this study, the relationship between deformation, member forces, and collision energy
dissipation were analyzed by conducting a collision analysis.

1. At the collision point, tension in the mooring lines increased to 2.0 times or more,
compared to the initial tension, and was affected by B/W.
2. Local damage by collision caused by the tension of the mooring lines according to B/W
was small, but the lateral deformation of the SFT showed a large variation.
3. Most of the collision energy was dissipated by the elasto-plastic deformation of the SFT.
4. The collision force of the SFT showed different characteristics from that of a regular ship,
and it needs to be studied further.
5. Also, collision behavior evaluation for various collision conditions and cross sections,
design loading, and design consideration methodologies need to be investigated in future
studies.

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Thank you for your attention