Multipole Saddle Coils

with
Pure cos(n) Current Density
Distributions
over
Entire Length for Various
Applications
International Conferenceon Magnet Technology
July 14 19, 2013
The Westin Copley Place
Boston, MA USA

S.L. Manikonda, R. Meinke, Advanced Magnet Lab, Palm Bay, FL;

J. Nolen, Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont,
IL;
Overview

Coil configurations for high field uniformity

Double-helix
Constant cos(n) over complete coil
length
Various applications currently under
design and construction

2
Pure Cos(n) Current Density
Distributions

Multipole magnets for charged particle beam

optics often require high field uniformity:
Bn/Bmain 10-4
Field uniformity of SC coils dominated by conductor
placement
Ultimate Goal:
Coil winding produces current density
distribution over the azimuth angle which
is proportional to pure cos (n ) over full
length of the coil.
Conventional saddle coils rather poor in this
respect
Many spacers required to approximate cos (n)
Coil ends (typically) show large deviations from ideal

3
Double-Helix Winding
Configurations

Assume small filament

diameter:
Current direction given by
tangent to conductor space
curve density
Axial current
distribution for each turn
proportional to cos(n )
Pure cos (n ) in long straight
section
However: Symmetry strongly broken
in coil4 ends
Bent or Conical Coil
Configurations

Combined function magnet

Quadrupole with
superimposed dipole
Superconducting
versions (4 T) built at
AML under DoE grants

Conical shaped dipole

magnet

5
Constant Cosine(n ) Coil
Configuration
Short, large-bore multipole magnets with high field uniformity
important for many applications:
Chromatic aberrations for charged particle beam optics scale with magnet length
For high fields superconducting, current dominated magnets required
Concept developed by P. Walstrom +):
Approximate ideal cos (n) current density distribution with discrete windings
Optimize turn spacing throughout the whole winding to approximate cos(n)

Straight
Section:
Arc Section:

Total number of turns Shape function

Ar Strai
c ght
+) Design of End Turns in Current-dominated Dipole and quadrupole Magnets for Fields with Low Higher-
harmonic Content, P.L. Walstrom, Los Alamos, EPAC Proceedings 2002, Paris, France

6
Super Separator Spectrometer
S3

Spectroscopic study
of heavy elements: Z
>100
S3: Two-Stage Separator:
Energy: 5-14 MeV/u
Momentum Achromat (suppress primary beam
1:1000)
Followed by a Mass Separator:
21 Nested Multipole Magnets -- Each Consisting
of:
Dipole, quadrupole, sextupole, octupole
7
S3 Magnet Main Requirements

7 Superconducting Warm-
iron Triplets

Each Singlet Multipole Magnet:

Consisting of concentric system of
superconducting Quadrupole,
Sextupole, Octupole, Dipole
Field Strength at warm bore reference radius of 30cm:
Quadrupole: 1.3 T; Sextupole: 0.4 T ; Octupole: 0.2 T; Dipole:
0.01 T
Coil Lengths: Quadrupole: 45 cm; Sextupole 34 cm,
Octupole: 36 cm; Dipole: 30 cm
Field Uniformity integrated over Length: < 3% at Rref = 30 cm
8
Coil Design GANIL Multipole
Singlet
Quadrupole Conductor Nested Multipole Coils (single
Arrangement Quadrant)
Colors indicate current
direction

Aspect Ratio: Length about equal

to Aperture

9
Pure Cos() Dipole Winding

Unrolled
Isometric
View
View

Variable conductor spacing in straight sections

Optimized conductor spacing in arcs (deviation
from parallelism)
1
Comparison: Saddle Coil
Constant cos(n )

B6 versus Axial Position @ Rref = 150.0 [mm] B10 versus Axial Position @ Rref = 150.0 [mm]
0.025
0.005
Walstrom
Walstrom
0.02 Saddle
0 Saddle

0.015
-0.005

0.01
-0.01

0.005
-0.015
B6 [Tesla]

B10 [Tesla]
0
-0.02

-0.005
-0.025

-0.01
-0.03

-0.015
-0.035

-0.02
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 -0.04
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400
Axial Position [m]
Axial Position [m]

Allowed multipoles of quadrupole versus axial coil

position
Red curve: Conventional saddle coil
Blue curve: Constant cos(n) -- Walstrom

1
ITER NbTi Fine-Filament
Conductor -- Bruker

1
Superconductor Operational
Margins

>>>>> NbTi Conductor Performance

<<<<<:
Number of strands: 1

Strand diameter [mm]:

0.808
Total conductor cross section (metal) [mm2]:
0.512
Copper to non-copper ratio:
1.300
SC cross section [mm2]:
0.223
Cu cross section [mm2]:
0.289
Normalization current density [A/mm2]:
2800.
Nominal temperature [K]:
4.35
Critical temperature [K]:
1 5.6
Implementation of Complex Winding
Configurations

Stacked Saddle Coils --- AML Patented

Technology

Conductor embedded in precisely

machine grooves
Machinable composite with random fiber
direction
1
Octupole Manufacturing

Superlayer
Winding:
2 conductor layers
stacked on top of each
other

Improved transverse
quench propagation
due to direct contact
between wires

1
Saddle Coil vs Constant-cos(n) Coil for
Quadrupole

MP Fields Integrated over Full Length at 80%

of Coil Aperture:
Comparison of Multipoles for Quadrupole Coils
6
10
Walstrom Coil Design
Saddle Coil Design

4
10
Integrated Multipole Field [Gauss.cm]

2
10

Field Errors:
0
10
Systematic +
-2
Random Highly
10
Suppressed.
-4
10

-6
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Multipole Order

1
Magnet Cryostats --- GANIL SMT

Triplet Coil System --

AML

1
Applications Currently Under
Development

High field uniformity magnets with small aspect

ratios
Currently implemented for GANIL S3
Light-weight gantry systems for heavy ion
radiation therapy
Currently pursued for medial industry
Superconducting motors and generators
Design of 10 MW generator under DoE contract
Minimum inductance for given field uniformity
Currently used for AC loss measurement system
(DoE and NASA)
Bent and flared magnets
Currently pursued for medical industry

1
AC Loss Measurement Facility for HTS
Conductors

AC Losses in Superconductors (sinusoidal

frequency):
Magnetizatio
n:
Coupling:
P ~ f 2,
Eddy
Currents: B2

More complicated in electrical machines due to

superposition of rotating and pulsating fields
Actual conductors still under development
System developed at AML
o DoE fully superconducting generator
o NASA Glenn Turbo-electric aircraft propulsion
o System will be available at CAPS

1
SC AC Loss Measurement Facility

Future
Home of
Facility

AC Background Field up to 0.5 Tesla, variable

frequency
Summary

Novel coil configuration for

transverse magnetic fields with
highest field quality developed
Pure cos(n) over complete coil
length
Various applications for research and
energy sector currently being
designed and built