Aisle - the side of a church nave separated by piers from the nave proper

apse; a semicircular or polygonal termination or recess in a building, usually vaulted and used especially
at the end of a choir in a church. \ \
arabesque; Intricate overall pattern of geometric
forms or stylized plants used in Muhammadan countries.

arcade; A series of arches supported by pillars, piers or columns

arch' A curved or pointed structural member which is supported at the sides or ends
architrave; The lowest of the 3 main parts of an entablature that rests directly on top

of a column
attic;

atrium; A courtyard or patio surrounded by a house (such as an ancient Roman house)

barrel vault; A straight, continuous arched vault or ceiling, either semicircular or semi-elliptical in profile
basilica; A Roman  building, used for public administration, having a large rectangular central nave lit by
a clerestory and with an aisle on each side and an apse at the end.

bays; A part of a building marked off by vertical elements, such as columns or pilasters

bracket; A projection from a vertical surface providng structural or visual support

under corncies, balconies, or any other overhanging member
buttress; A structure, usually brick or stone, built against a wall for support or reinforcement to resist

the pressure of a arch or vault

capital; The head or crowning feature of a column or pilaster

clearstory; An upper story row of windows; part of an interior wall rising above the adjacent roof with

windows admitting lightv

coffer; Coffer: a decorative sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle  or octagon in a
ceiling, dome, soffit or vault

corbel ; Corbel: A projecting bracket of stone, brick, wood, metal, etc., which supports a cornice, arch,

or oriel.  Example: Left illustration above.

cornice; the third or uppermost division of an entablature, resting on the frieze.

cupola; A dome, usually small, topping a roof or turret

dome; A dome is a convex roof.

entablature ; the top of an Order, horizontally divided into cornice, frieze, and architrave, supported by

a colonnade

facade; The exterior face of a building which is the architectural front

flat arch ;
fluting; A series of shallow vertical grooves, as on a column

gabled ; That part of the wall immediately under the end of a pitched roof, cut into a triangular shape by

the sloping sides of the roof

groin vault; A vault created where two barrel vaults meet at right angles

key stone; The central stone, sometimes carved, in the curve of an arch or vault; the central voussoir of

an arch
lintel; A supporting wood or stone beam across the top of an opening, such as that of a window or door

or fireplace

naive; The central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation.
ogee arch; An arch consisting of two opposed ogee curves meeting in a point at the top.

pier;

pilaster; A shallow rectangular column projecting only slightly from a wall and, in classical architecture,

conforming with one of the orders

prostyle;

ribbed vault;

A section of the roof of a church made by building a skeleton of two or more ribs and later filling

in the spaces between with stone and/or rubble.

Romanesque; A style of architecture developed in Italy and western Europe between the Roman
and the Gothic styles; characterized by round arches and vaults and by the substitution of piers
for columns 

Round arch ;

segmental arch; Arch made of less than half of a circle,

the curve ending sharply. An elliptical arch.
semi dome; half dome.A common feature of the apse at the end of Ancient Roman secular basilicas,

soffit; The underside of an architectural structure such as an arch, balcony, or overhanging eaves

spandrel; The approximately triangular shape between the curve of an arch and the rectangular frame

above it
tracery; A pattern of interlacing lines - esp. one in a stained glass window - often made of wood, stone or

cast iron.

trigylph; The grooved projecting blocks between the metopes in a Doric frieze

tudorarch; Flattened pointed arches in door, door surrounds, window heads, fireplaces, etc.
tympanum; The semi-circular or triangular recessed space forming the center of a pediment; typically

decorated

ziggurat;

pyramidal stepped temple tower that is an architectural and religious

structure