Design of Machine Elements

Failure Theories for Static Loads

Lecture 5

Prof. Sujatha Srinivasan

404, Machine Design Section
311, TTK Center for Rehabilitation Research and Device Development
(R2D2)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
IIT Madras
Email: sujsree@iitm.ac.in

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 Theories of failure
• Why do parts fail?
►A typical answer: Parts fail because stresses exceed their strength

• What kind of stresses cause failure?

►Choices are tensile, shear or compressive

• Answer to the above question is “Well ... It depends”

• It depends on the material and its relative strengths in tension,

compression and shear
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Mohr’s circles

Pure tension test Pure torsion test

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Failure and Distortion Energy

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Stress-strain relations

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Hydrostatic stress

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Hydrostatic energy

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Distortion energy

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Distortion energy

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Boundary for Distortion Energy Theory

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Boundary for Distortion Energy Theory

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Yield strength in shear

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