Design of Machine Elements

Design for Static Loads

Lecture 4

Prof. Sujatha Srinivasan

404, Machine Design Section
311, TTK Center for Rehabilitation Research and Device Development
(R2D2)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
IIT Madras
Email: sujsree@iitm.ac.in

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 Factor of Safety (F.S)
✓A mechanical component “fails” if it is unable to perform its function satisfactorily, as a
result of any one of the following three modes of failure

• Yielding
• Fracture
• Deflection/deformation
➢Uncertainty in the magnitude of external force acting ; Variations in the properties of
materials like yield strength etc. and dimensions of the component .
➢Number of assumptions made in design analysis , The factor of safety ensures against
these uncertainties and unknown conditions.

• F.S = Strength /Stress ; failure stress/allowable stress

• The allowable stress is the stress value, which is used in design to determine
the dimensions of the component.

;
• Over design ; Optimization
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Transverse shear

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Stress Distribution

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General Stress State at a Point

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2-D Stress State

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Mohr’s circle

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Example

l = 250 mm, a = 500 mm, P = 1 kN. The OD of the rod is 40 mm

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